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Biomedical Human Anatomy > The Back > Flashcards

The Back Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius muscle

A
  • Innervation: CN XI
  • Action: *superior part: elevates scapula
  • middle part alone or all: retracts scapula
  • inferior part: depresses scapula
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2
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Innervation: thoracodorsal n. (C6-8)

- Action: extends, adducts, medially rotates the humerus

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3
Q

Rhomboid major

A
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular n.

- Action: retract and rotate scapula/fix scapula to thorax

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4
Q

Rhomboid minor

A
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular n.

- Action: retract and rotate scapula/fix scapula to thorax

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5
Q

Levator scapulae

A
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular and cervical n.

- Action: elevates and rotates scapula to tip the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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6
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae)

A
  • Innervation: posterior rami of spinal n.

- Action: extend spinal column and head/lateral flexion of vertebral column

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7
Q

Longissimus (erector spinae)

A
  • Innervation: posterior rami of spinal n.

- Action: extend spinal column and head/lateral flexion of vertebral column

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8
Q

Spinalis (erector spinae)

A
  • Innervation: posterior rami of spinal n.

- Action: extend spinal column and head/lateral flexion of vertebral column

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9
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A
  • Area void of musculature on the posterior thorax

- used to listen to the lungs

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10
Q

Borders of the triangle of auscultation

A
  • Superior: rhomboid major m.
  • Medial: trapezius m.
  • Inferior: latissimus dorsi m.
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11
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • anterior to and attached to the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
  • from sacrum to occipital bone
  • covers lateral sides of vertebral bodies as well
  • prevents hyperextension
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12
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • anterior side of the vertebral canal
  • attached to intervertebral discs mostly
  • weaker than anterior longitudinal ligament
  • from C2 to sacrum
  • prevents hyperflexion (weakly)
  • limits posterior disc herniation
  • many nociceptors
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13
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A
  • ligamenta flava (pleural)
  • joins lamina of adjacent vertebrae
  • resist separation of vertebrae–> protects intervertebral discs from injury
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14
Q

Spinal column ligaments

A
  1. Interspinous ligaments
  2. Supraspinous ligaments
  3. Intertransverse ligaments
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15
Q

Interspinous ligaments

A

-attach adjacent spinous processes

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16
Q

Supraspinous ligaments

A
  • connect tips of spinous processes

- C7 to head–> specialization as ligamentum nuchae (support head, muscle attachment, resist neck flexion)

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17
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A

-connect adjacent transverse processes

18
Q

Zygapophysial joint

A
  • joint between the articular facets of vertebrae
  • synovial joint (plane)–> has capsule and fluid
  • innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves
  • two rami per joint (above and below)
19
Q

Innervation to zygapophysial joints

A
  • highly innervated
  • innervation from posterior ramus of spinal nerves
  • two posterior rami innervate each zygapophysial joint
20
Q

Arterial supply to cervical region

A

-vertebral a. and ascending cervical a. in neck (subscapular a.)

21
Q

Arterial supply to thoracic region

A

-posterior intercostal a.

22
Q

Arterial supply to lumbar region

A

-subcostal and lumbar a.

23
Q

Arterial supply to pelvis region

A

-iliolumbar and lateral and medial sacral a.

24
Q

Arterial branches

A
  1. Periosteal branches
  2. Equitorial branches
  3. Spinal branches
25
Q

Periosteal branches

A

-to periosteum

26
Q

Equitorial branches

A

-to the verterbral body

27
Q

Spinal branches

A
  • enter intervertebral foramen into spinal canal, to supply vert. arch, meninges, and spinal cord
  • radicular/segmental medullary arteries and anterior/posterior vertebral canal branches
28
Q

Radicular/segmental medullary arteries

A

-spinal nerve roots, meninges, and spinal cord

29
Q

Anterior and posterior vertebral canal branches

A
  • Ascending and descending branches to anastomose

- anterior vert. canal branch gives off nutrient arteries to vertebral bodies

30
Q

Venous drainage of vertebral column

A
  1. Internal and external vertebral venous plexuses
  2. Basivertebral vein
  3. Intervertebral veins
31
Q

Internal and external vertebral venous plexuses

A

-each with anterior and posterior venous plexuses

32
Q

Basivertebral vein

A
  • from vertebral bodies

- drains into both int. and ext. vertebral venous plexuses

33
Q

Intervertebral veins

A

-drain into the vertebral vein and other matching segmental v. through IV foramen

34
Q

Craniovertebral joints

A
  • no intervertebral dics (better range of motion)
  • Atlanto-occipital (2)
  • Atlanto-axial (3)
35
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A
  • C1 and occipital bone
  • Allows “yes” motion
  • anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes limit movement
36
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A
  • C1 and C2
  • Median atlanto-axial joint
  • (2) lateral atlanto-axial joints
37
Q

Median atlanto-axial joint

A
  • C1 and dens of C2
  • Pivot joint
  • Allows “no” motion
  • transverse ligament of the atlas- on posterior side of dens
38
Q

Cruciate ligament

A

-formed by the transverse and longitudinal ligament of the atlas

39
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

-from posterior longitudinal ligament

40
Q

Anterior atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial membranes

A
  • from anterior longitudinal ligament
  • anterior atlanto-occipital= above C1
  • anterior atlanto-axial= below C1
41
Q

Posterior atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial membranes

A

-from ligamentum flavum

42
Q

Osteoporosis

A
  • bone loss due to the disruption of calcium deposition and resorption
  • most seriously affected areas of the skeleton: neck of femur, vertebral bodies, metacarpals, and radius

Biomedical Human Anatomy (28 decks)

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