Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomedical Human Anatomy > Quiz 10 > Flashcards

Quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory System Zones

A
  1. Conducting zone

2. Respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Conducting zone

A
  • conduits to gas exchange sites; gets air inside

- includes all structures outside of respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory zone

A
  • site of gas exchange

- Microscopic structures: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Major organs of respiratory system

A
  1. Nose
  2. Nasal cavity
  3. Paranasal sinuses
  4. Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
  5. Larynx
  6. Trachea
  7. Bronchi and their branches
  8. Lungs and alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of the nose

A
  1. provides an airway for respiration
  2. moistens and warms the entering air
  3. filters and cleans inspired air
  4. serves as a resonating chamber for speech
  5. houses olfactory receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nasal cavity

A
  • in and posterior to external nose
  • divided by a midline nasal septum (ethmoid and voimer)
  • posterior nasal apertures (choanae) open into nasal pharynx
  • pseuodstratified ciliated columnar epi. (similar to trachea)
  • nasal conchae (turbinators: swirls air)
  • capillary plexuses (warms the blood)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pharynx

A
  • the throat

- muscular tube that connects to the: nasal cavity and mouth superiorly, and larynx and esophagus inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pharynx components

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  • air passageway posterior to nasal cavity
  • lining: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi.
  • soft palate and uvula close nasopharynx during swallowing
  • pharyngotympanic (auditory) tubes open into lateral walls (drains middle ear and equalizes pressure in middle ear)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oropharynx

A
  • passageway for food and air from the level of the soft palate to the epiglottis
  • lining: stratified squamous epi. (for protection now)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Laryngopharynx

A
  • passageway for food and air
  • posterior to the upright epiglottis
  • lining: stratified squamous epi.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Larynx functions

A
  1. provides a patent airway
  2. epiglottis routes air and food into proper channels
  3. voice production
    - continuous with the trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cartilages of the layrnx

A
  • hyaline cartilage
    1. thyroid cartilage (with laryngeal prominence: Adam’s apple)
    2. Cricoid cartilage (ring-shaped)
    3. Paired arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Babies airways

A
  • a baby can breath and suckle their mothers breast at the same time because milk can flow around the epiglottis
  • adults cannot do this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shape of epiglottis

A
  • newborns: omega
  • children: sort of like an upside-down u
  • adults: flatter, like a crescent moon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trachea

A
  • windpipe

- from the larynx into the mediastinum

17
Q

Trachea wall composition

A
  1. Mucosa: ciliated pseudostratified epi. with goblet cells
  2. Submucosa: connective tissue with seromucous glands
  3. Adventitia: outermost layer made of CT that encases the C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
18
Q

Trachealis muscle

A
  • connects posterior parts of cartilage rings

- contracts during coughing to expel mucus

19
Q

Carina

A
  • last tracheal cartilage
  • point where trachea branches into two bronchi
  • very sensitive to foreign matter
  • looks like underwear
20
Q

Bronchi and subdivions

A
  • air passages undergo 23 orders of branching

- Tracheobronchial tree: branching pattern of bronchi, arteries and veins branch as well

21
Q

Conducting Zone structures

A
  • Trachea branches into:
  • Right and left main (primary) bronchi (at hilum) branches into:
  • lobar (Secondary) bronchi (three right, two left) branch into:
  • segmental (tertiary bronchi) branch into:
  • Segmental bronchi divide repeatedly (supply broncopulmonary segments)
  • Bronchioles are less than 1mm in diameter and branch into:
  • Terminal bronchioles: smallest, less than 0.5mm in diameter
22
Q

Hilum

A

-arteries, veins, nerves enter the lungs hear

23
Q

What is the significance to why the right primary bronchi shorter and more vertical than the left?

A

-objects are more likely to be aspirated into right side of lung because this is the path of least resistance

24
Q

Broncopulmonary segments

A
  • pyramid shaped segments of a lobe of lung
  • separated by CT
  • separate segmental bronchus
  • separate blood supply–> branch of pulmonary artery
25
Q

Structural changes from bronchi to bronchioles

A
  • cartilage rings give way to plates; cartilage is absent from bronchioles
  • epi. changes from pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal; cilia and goblet cells become sparse
  • relative amount of smooth muscle increase
26
Q

Respiratory Zone Structes

A

-from terminal bronchioles arise: Respiratory zone bronchioles

27
Q

Respiratory zone bronchioles

A
  • alveolar ducts: elongated airways with alveoli
  • alveolar sacs (clusters of alveoli): account for most of the lungs’ volume and are main site of gas exchange; develop until 8 years old
28
Q

Main features of the lungs

A
  1. Apex (top of lung)
  2. Base (bottom of lung; diaphragmatic surface)
  3. Surfaces (costal surface, mediastinal surface (hilum) and diaphragmatic surface)
  4. Root
  5. Borders (anterior, inferior, and posterior)
  6. Left lung: superior lobe (cardiac notch and lingula), oblique fissure, and inferior lobe
  7. Right lung (larger, shorter/wider than left): superior lobe, horizontal fissure, middle lobe, oblique fissure, and inferior lobe
29
Q

Respiratory System development

A
  • Upper and lower respiratory tract have different developmental tracts
  • larynx divides upper and lower tracts
  • upper respiratory system develops in the head
  • lower respiratory tract develops in the body
30
Q

Upper respiratory tract development

A
  • nasal placodes (surface ectoderm) on face invaginate to form nasal cavity (week 5)
  • pharynx endothelium formed by endoderm tube with pharyngeal arch mesoderm
31
Q

Larynx development

A
  • week 4

- cartilages and muscles originate from lateral plate meso. of pharyngeal arch 4 and 6 (CN X)

32
Q

Trachea/respiratory tree development

A
  • week 5–>postnatally
  • endoderm forms epi.
  • splanchnic lateral plate meso. forms CT and smooth muscle
  • 17 branches form prior to birth
  • 6 branches form after birth
  • Month 6- respiratory bronchioles bud primitive alveolar sacs
  • capillaries developing alongside
  • Month 7- gas exchange can occur (Type II cells produce surfactant–> develop in 6th month, high levels the last two weeks of gestation)
  • 90% alveoli develop after birth
33
Q

Pulmonary vessels

A
  • Arteries: from 6th aortic arch vessels

- Veins: grow out of the left atrium wall

34
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A
  • week 4
  • respiratory diverticulum from foregut endoderm just caudal to the pharyngeal arches
  • diverticulum surrounded by splanchnic lateral plate meso.: forms all CT- smooth muscle, CT, and cartilage, directs branching of the lung buds, some pharyngeal arch meso. included in upper region of diverticula
  • Pleura formed by lateral plate meso. surrounding lungs and pleural cavity
35
Q

Esophageal Atresia

A

-blind pocket in esophagus

36
Q

Tracheoesophageal fistulas

A

-esophagus connects to trachea

37
Q

Surfactant

A

-creates surface tension so alveoli don’t collapse

Biomedical Human Anatomy (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions