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Biomedical Human Anatomy > Muscles for Final Exam > Flashcards

Muscles for Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis major

A
  • Origin: clavicular head (sternal end of clavicle), sternocostal head (sternum, costal cartilage ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle)
  • Insertion: intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of humerus
  • Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
  • Action: arm flexion (clavicular head), extend arm from flexed position (sternocostal head), rotates arm medially, adducts arm
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2
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Origin: spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 8(9)-12
  • Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
  • Action: extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
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3
Q

Deltoid muscle

A
  • Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
  • Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • Innervation: axillary n.
  • Action: clavicular part (flex and medially rotate arm), acromial (abduct arm), spinal (extend and laterally rotate arm)
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4
Q

Supraspinatus muscle

A
  • Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
  • Insertion: (superior facet of) greater tubercle of humerus
  • Innervation: suprascapular nerve
  • Action: initiates arm abduction- assisting deltoid, holds humerus in glenoid cavity
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5
Q

Infraspinatus muscle

A
  • Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • Insertion: (middle facet of the) greater tubercle of humerus
  • Innervation: suprascapular nerve
  • Action: laterally rotate arm, holds humerus in glenoid cavity
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6
Q

Teres minor muscle

A
  • Origin: middle part of the lateral border of the scapula
  • Insertion: (inferior facet of the) greater tubercle of humerus
  • Innervation: axillary n.
  • Action: laterally rotate arm, holds humerus in glenoid cavity
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7
Q

Subscapularis muscle

A
  • Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
  • Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
  • Innervation: upper and low subscapular nerve
  • Action: medially rotate arm, holds humerus in glenoid cavity
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8
Q

Teres major muscle

A
  • Origin: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
  • Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • Innervation: lower subscapular n.
  • Action: adduct and medially rotate arm
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9
Q

Biceps brachii muscle

A
  • Origin: short head (tip of coracoid process of scapula), long head (supraglenoid tubercle of scpaula)
  • Insertion: radial tuberosity
  • Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
  • Action: flex forearm, supinate forearm, weak glenohumoral flexion
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10
Q

Corocobrachialis muscle

A
  • Innervation: musculocutaneous n.

- Action: help flex and adduct arm

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11
Q

Brachialis muscle

A
  • Innervation: musculocutaneous n. and radial n.

- Action: flex forearm

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12
Q

Triceps brachii m.

A
  • Origin: long head (infraglenoid tubercle), lateral head (posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove), medial head (posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove)
  • Insertion: olecranon process
  • Innervation: radial n.
  • Action: extend forearm
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13
Q

Anconeus muscle

A
  • Innervation: radial n.

- Action: extend forearm, assisting triceps brachii, stabilize elbow joint, ulna abduction in pronation

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14
Q

Pronator teres muscle

A
  • Innervation: median nerve

- Action: pronate and flex forearm at elbow

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15
Q

Flexor carpi radialis muscle

A
  • Innervation: median n.

- Action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist

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16
Q

Palmaris longus muscle

A
  • Innervation: median n.

- Action: flex hand and tense palmar aponeurosis

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17
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

A
  • Innervation: ulnar n.

- Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

A
  • Innervation: median n.

- Action: flex proximal interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joints on digits 2-5

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19
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

A
  • Innervation: ulnar and median n.

- Action: flex distal interphalangeal joint on digits 2-5

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20
Q

Flexor pollicis longus muscle

A

-Innervation: median n.

Action: flex interphalangeal joint on digit 1

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21
Q

Pronator quadratus muscle

A
  • Innervation: median n.

- Action: pronates forearm, bind radius and ulna together

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22
Q

Brachioradialis muscle

A
  • Innervation: radial n.

- Action: flex forearm

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23
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

A
  • Innervation: radial n.

- Action: extend and abduct the hand at wrist

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24
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle

A
  • Innervation: radial n.

- Action: extend and abduct the hand at wrist

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25
Q

Extensor digitorum muscle

A
  • Innervation: radial n.

- Action: extend medial four digits at the metacarpophalangeal joint

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26
Q

Extensor digiti minimi muscle

A
  • Innervation: radial n.

- Action: extend fifth digit at the metacarpophalangeal joint

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27
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

A
  • Innervation: radial n.

- Action: extend and adduct the hand at the wrist

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28
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis muscle

A
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous n.

- Action: extend proximal phalanx at metacarpophalangeal joint; extend carpometacarpal joint

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29
Q

Abductor pollicis longus muscle

A
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous n.

- Action: abduct and extend at carpometacarpal joint

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30
Q

Extensor indicis muscle

A
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous n.

- Action: extend 2nd digit and some wrist extension

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31
Q

Supinator muscle

A
  • Innervation: deep radial n.

- Action: supinate forearm

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32
Q

Gluteus maximus m.

A
  • Innervation: inferior gluteal n.

- Action: extend thigh; laterally rotates thigh

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33
Q

Gluteus medius m.

A
  • Innervation: superior gluteal n.

- Action: abduct and medially rotates thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral side is weight-bearing

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34
Q

Gluteus minimus m.

A
  • Innervation: superior gluteal n.

- Action: abduct and medially rotates thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral side is weight-bearing

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35
Q

Tensor fasciae latae m.

A
  • Innervation: superior gluteal n.

- Action: abduct and medially rotates thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral side is weight-bearing

36
Q

Piriformis m.

A
  • Innervation: S1/2

- Action: abduct flexed thigh and rotate extended thigh laterally, stabilize hip joint

37
Q

Superior gemellus m.

A
  • Innervation: nerve to obturator internus m.

- Action: rotate thigh laterally, stabilize hip joint

38
Q

Obturator internus m.

A
  • Innervation: nerve to obturator internus m.

- Action: rotate thigh laterally, stabilize hip joint

39
Q

Inferior gemellus m.

A
  • Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris m.

- Action: rotate thigh laterally, stabilize hip joint

40
Q

Quadratus femoris m.

A
  • Innervation: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.

- Action: rotate thigh laterally, stabilize hip joint

41
Q

Sartorius m.

A
  • Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
  • Insertion: anteromedial surface of superior tibia (pes anserinus)
  • Innervation: femoral n.
  • Action: flex, abduct and laterally rotate thigh, flex leg at knee, medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed
42
Q

Pectineus m.

A
  • Innervation: femoral n.

- Action: adduct and flex thigh; medial rotation of thigh

43
Q

Iliosoas m.

A
  • common insertion of psoas major and iliacus m.
  • Innervation: L1, L2, and femoral n.
  • Action: flex thigh and stabilize hip, flex and laterally bend lumbar spine
44
Q

Rectus femoris m.

A
  • Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to the acetabulum
  • Insertion: common quadriceps tendon to patella, indirectly to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  • Innervation: femoral n.
  • Action: flex hip, stabilize hip, extend leg at knee
45
Q

Vastus lateralis m.

A
  • Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera
  • Insertion: common quadriceps tendon to patella, indirectly to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  • Innervation: femoral n.
  • Action: extend leg at knee
46
Q

Vastus medialis m.

A
  • Origin: intertrochanteric line and linea aspera
  • Insertion: common quadriceps tendon to patella, indirectly to tibial tuberosity vis the patellar ligament
  • Innervation: femoral n.
  • Action: extend leg at knee
47
Q

Vastus intermedius m.

A
  • Origin: anterior and lateral surface of femur
  • Insertion: common quadriceps tendon to patella, indirectly to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  • Innervation: femoral n.
  • Action: extend leg at knee
48
Q

Gracilis m.

A
  • Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubic bone
  • Insertion: superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus)
  • Innervation: obturator n.
  • Action: adduct thigh, flex and medially rotate leg
49
Q

Adductor longus m.

A
  • Innervation: obturator n.

- Action: adduct thigh and medially rotate femur

50
Q

Adductor brevis m.

A
  • Innervation: obturator n.

- Action: adduct thigh, some thigh flexion

51
Q

Adductor magnus m.

A
  • Innervation: (adductor portion) obturator and (hamstrings portion) tibial portion of sciatic n.
  • Action: adduct thigh, flex (adductor part) or extend (hamstring part) thigh
52
Q

Obturator externus m.

A
  • Innervation: obturator n.

- Action: laterally rotate thigh and stabilize hip

53
Q

Pes anserinus

A

-common tendinous insertion of sartorius, semitendinosus and gracilis m. on the superior anterior surface of the tibia

54
Q

Biceps femoris m.

A
  • Innervation: sciatic n.; long head (tibial nerve), short head (common peroneal n.)
  • Action: extend thigh, flex and laterally rotate leg when knee is flexed
55
Q

Semitendinosus m.

A
  • Insertion: pes anserinus
  • Innervation: tibial n.
  • Action: extend thigh, flex and medially rotate leg when knee is flexed
56
Q

Semimembranosus m.

A
  • Innervation: tibial n.

- Action: extend thigh, flex and medially rotate leg when knee is flexed

57
Q

Tibialis anterior m.

A
  • Origin: lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
  • Innervation: deep fibular n.
  • Action: dorsiflex ankle and invert foot
58
Q

Extensor digitorum longus m.

A
  • Innervation: deep fibular n.

- Action: extend lateral four digits of foot and dorsiflex ankle

59
Q

Extensor hallucis longus m.

A
  • Innervation: deep fibular n.

- Action: extends hallux and dorsiflexion of ankle

60
Q

Fibularis longus and brevis m.

A
  • Innervation: superficial fibular n.

- Action: evert foot and weak plantarflexion

61
Q

Gastrocnemius m.

A
  • Origin: lateral head (lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of femur), medial head (popliteal surface of femur, superior medial condyle of femur)
  • Insertion: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
  • Innervation: tibial n.
  • Action: flex leg at knee, plantarflex ankle when knee is extended; raise heel in walking
62
Q

Soleus m.

A
  • Innervation: tibial n.

- Action: plantarflex ankle (regardless of knee position)

63
Q

Plantaris m.

A
  • Innervation: tibial n.

- Action: weak plantarflexion of ankle with gastrocnemius, flex knee

64
Q

Popliteus m.

A
  • Innervation: tibial n.

- Action: weak knee flexion

65
Q

Tibialis posterior m.

A
  • Innervation: tibial n.

- Action: plantarflex ankle and invert foot

66
Q

Flexor digitorum longus m.

A
  • Innervation: tibial n.

- Action: flex lateral four digits of foot, plantarflexes ankle; support longitudinal foot arches

67
Q

Flexor hallucis longus m.

A
  • Innervation: tibial n.

- Action: flexes hallux and weak plantarflexion of ankle; support medial longitudinal arch in foot

68
Q

Trapezius m.

A
  • Origin: external occipital protuberance, medial third of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
  • Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
  • Innervation: CN XI
  • Action: elevates scapula (superior part), retracts scapula (middle part alone of all three), and depresses scapula (inferior part)
69
Q

Rhomboid major m.

A
  • Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
  • Insertion: medial border of scapula (from spine to inferior angle)
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
  • Action: retract and rotate scapula/fix scapula to thorax
70
Q

Rhomboid minor m.

A
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular n.

- Action: retract and rotate scapula/fix scapula to thorax

71
Q

Levator scapulae m.

A
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular and cervical n.

- Action: elevates and rotates scapula to tip of glenoid cavity inferiorly

72
Q

Iliocostalis m. (erector spinae)

A
  • Innervation: posterior rami of spinal n.

- Action: extend spinal column and head/lateral flexion of vertebral column

73
Q

Longissimus m. (erector spinae)

A
  • Innervation: posterior rami of spinal n.

- Action: extend spinal column and head/lateral flexion of vertebral column

74
Q

Spinalis m. (erector spinae)

A
  • Innervation: posterior rami of spinal n.

- Action: extend spinal column and head/lateral flexion of vertebral column

75
Q

Triangle of Auscultation

A

-Borders: rhomboid major (superior), trapezius m. (medial), latissimus dorsi m. (inferior)

76
Q

Pectoralis minor m.

A
  • Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5
  • Insertion: corocoid process of the scapula
  • Innervation: medial pectoral nerves
  • Action: stabilize scapula
77
Q

Serratus anterior m.

A
  • Origin: lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8
  • Insertion: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
  • Innervation: long thoracic nerve
  • Action: protract scapula, laterally rotate scapula
78
Q

Serratus posterior superior m.

A
  • Innervation: 2-5th intercostal nerves

- Action: proprioception (rib elevation- in forced inspiration)

79
Q

Serratus posterior inferior m.

A
  • Innervation: anterior rami T9-12 thoracic spinal nerves

- Action: proprioception (rib depression- in forced expiration)

80
Q

External intercostals m.

A
  • Origin: inferior border of ribs
  • Insertion: superior border of inferior ribs
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves
  • Action: elevate ribs in forced inspiration
81
Q

Internal intercostals m.

A
  • Origin: inferior border of ribs
  • Insertion: superior border of inferior ribs
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves
  • Action: between ribs-depress ribs, between cartilage-elevate ribs, active in forced inspiration
82
Q

Innermost intercostals m.

A
  • Origin: inferior border of ribs
  • Insertion: superior border of inferior ribs
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves
  • Action: between ribs-depress ribs, between cartilage-elevate ribs, active in forced inspiration
83
Q

Subcostal m.

A
  • Origin: internal surface of lower ribs near angle
  • Insertion: superior border of 2nd or 3rd rib inferior
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves
  • Action: maybe similar to internal intercostals
84
Q

Transversus thoracis m.

A
  • Innervation: intercostal nerves

- Action: depress ribs (kinda); proprioception

85
Q

Diaphragm m.

A
  • Origin: inferior, internal surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages 6-12, and lumbar vertebrae
  • Insertion: central tendon
  • Innervation: phrenic nerve
  • Action: inspiration (flattens when contracted)

Biomedical Human Anatomy (28 decks)

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