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Biomedical Human Anatomy > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Embryonic Period

A

Highest risk of birth defects; 3-8 weeks gestation

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2
Q

Teratology

A

Study of birth defects

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3
Q

Malformation

A

Alteration, graded deletion of a body part during its formation; e.g. phocomelia caused by thalidomide

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4
Q

Syndrome

A

A group of anomalies occurring together with a common cause; e.g. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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5
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

Structural defects, growth deficiency, and intellectual disability; Indistinct philtrum, thin upper lip, depressed nasal bridge, short nose, flat midface

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6
Q

Association

A

Nonrandom appearance of two or more anomalies that occur together more frequently than by chance with an unknown cause

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7
Q

Disruption

A

Alteration of an already formed structure; destructive process; e.g. Amniotic band disruptions (cleft lip, toe and finger amputations)

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8
Q

Deformation

A

Mechanical force molds fetus; e.g. club feet and abnormal limb position (oligohydraminos: insufficient amniotic fluid)

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9
Q

Teratogen

A

A substance/factor that causes birth defects

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10
Q

Principles of teratology

A
  1. Susceptibility depends on genotype of conceptus and environmental interaction
  2. Developmental stage
  3. Manifestation depends on dose and duration of exposure
  4. Teratogens have specific mechanisms
  5. Manifestations= death, malformation, growth reduction, and functional disorder
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11
Q

Ectoderm (blue)

A

skin, CNS, eyes, internal ear, neural crest cells (PNS, bones and connective tissue of the face and part of the skull)

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12
Q

Mesoderm (red)

A

bones, connective tissue, urogenital system, cardiovascular system, and notochord

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13
Q

Endoderm (yellow)

A

gut and gut derivatives epithelium (liver, pancreas, lungs, etc.)

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14
Q

11 Biological Systems

A
  1. Integument (skin)
  2. Circulatory (cardiac + lymphatic)
  3. Urinary
  4. Respiratory
  5. Skeletal
  6. Endocrine
  7. Immune
  8. Nervous
  9. Muscular
  10. Reproductive
  11. Digestive/GI
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15
Q

Anatomical position

A
  • Face forward: head and feet anteriorly facing, neutral expression, closed mouth
  • Feet parallel
  • Arms at side with palms facing anterior (fingers together)
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16
Q

Anterior/ventral

A

Front

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17
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Back

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18
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline

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19
Q

Intermediate

A

Inbetween

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20
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

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21
Q

Superior/cranial

A

Toward head

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22
Q

Inferior/caudal

A

Toward feet

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23
Q

Superficial/external

A

Toward the body surface

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24
Q

Deep/internal

A

Away from the body surface

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25
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of connection to the body

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26
Q

Distal

A

Further away from the point of connection to the body

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27
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides body into left and right directions

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28
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferior positions

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29
Q

Coronal (frontal) plane

A

Divides body inter anterior and posterior portions

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30
Q

Longitudinal Section

A

Lengthwise section

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31
Q

Cross (transverse) section

A

Width of segment

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32
Q

Oblique section

A

Cross section at an angle

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33
Q

Palpation

A

To examine or explore the body by touch

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34
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Cranial and vertebral cavities

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35
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Thoracic: mediastinum and pleural
Abdominopelvic: abdominal and pelvic

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36
Q

Cephalic Region

A

Face

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37
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead/top of nose

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38
Q

Orbital

A

Eyes

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39
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

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40
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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41
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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42
Q

Cervical region

A

Neck

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43
Q

Thoracic region

A

Chest

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44
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

45
Q

Mammary

A

Breast/nipples

46
Q

Sternal

A

Midline of chest/breast plate

47
Q

Abdominal region

A

Stomach

48
Q

Umbilical

A

Belly button

49
Q

Pelvic region

A

Lower stomach

50
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

51
Q

Pubic region

A

Genitals

52
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

53
Q

Brachial

A

Arm (Bicep region)

54
Q

Antecubital

A

Anterior elbow region

55
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

56
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

57
Q

Manus

A

Hand

58
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

59
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

60
Q

Digital (hand)

A

Fingers

61
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

62
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

63
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

64
Q

Crural

A

Leg

65
Q

Fibural or peroneal

A

Outside of leg

66
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

67
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

68
Q

Metatarsal

A

Top of foot

69
Q

Digital (foot)

A

Toes

70
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

71
Q

Olecranal

A

Posterior elbow region

72
Q

Metacarpal

A

Posterior hand

73
Q

Popliteal

A

Posterior knee region

74
Q

Sural

A

Calf

75
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

76
Q

Plantar

A

Bottom of foot

77
Q

Otic

A

Ear

78
Q

Occipital

A

Back of head

79
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blades

80
Q

Vertebral

A

Spine

81
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower-lateral region of spinal cord

82
Q

Sacral

A

Lower region of spinal cord; tail bone

83
Q

Gluteal

A

Butt

84
Q

Perineal

A

Between anus and external genitalia

85
Q

Scalp

A

Top of head where hairs grows

86
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Eyes

87
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Mouth

88
Q

Axilla

A

Space in armpit

89
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Space in elbow

90
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

Space in wrist

91
Q

Flexion

A

Movement of a limb that decreases the angle of the joint

92
Q

Extension

A

Movement of a limb that increases the angle of the joint

93
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of the thumb to touch another digit

94
Q

Reposition

A

Movement of the thumb from opposition to the anatomical position

95
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline

96
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline

97
Q

Internal (medial) rotation

A

Movement of a limb along the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the midline

98
Q

External (lateral) rotation

A

Movement of a limb along the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the midline

99
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement of dorsum of the foot toward the anterior leg

100
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Movement of the sole of the foot resulting in “pointing” the toes

101
Q

Eversion

A

Lateral turning of the sole of the foot

102
Q

Inversion

A

Medial turning of the sole of the foot

103
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction with a stationary proximal end and movement in a circle at the distal end, resulting in a cone formation

104
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of the palm to a posterior facing position. The distal end of the radius moves across the ulna

105
Q

Supination

A

Movement of the palm to an anterior facing position. The radius and ulna are parallel

106
Q

Protraction

A

Movement of a structure anteriorly/forward

107
Q

Retraction

A

Movement of a structure posteriorly or backward

108
Q

Elevation

A

Movement of a structure superiorly/up

109
Q

Depression

A

Movement of a structure inferiorly/dow

Biomedical Human Anatomy (28 decks)

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