The "ATP" B-Vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, and B7)

Question 1

Vitamin B1 is

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

Thiamin is a form of B1, but what is the active cofactor form?

Answer 2

Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 3

Increases the absorption and bioavailability of Thiamine

Answer 3

Vitamin C

Question 4

Decreases the absorption and bioavailability of thiamine

Answer 4

Oxidants in foods and alcohol

Question 5

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) has which 4 main functions?

Answer 5

ATP production, DNA/RNA synthesis, NADPH synthesis, Nerve function

Question 6

Plays a role in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, the krebs cycle, and the pentose-phosphate pathway

Answer 6

Vitamin B1

Question 7

Thiamin triphosphate functions in

Answer 7

Nerve function

Question 8

Vitamin B1 deficiency results in

Answer 8

Beri Beri

Question 9

What are the 4 forms of Beri Beri?

Answer 9

Dry, Wet, Infantile, and Cerebral

Question 10

Severe muscle wasting, leg cramps, tenderness, decreased feeling in feet and toes (peripheral neuropathy)

Answer 10

Dry Beri Beri

Question 11

Swelling (edema) of arms and legs, enlargement of heart, breathing problems, possible heart failure

Answer 11

Wet Beri Beri

Question 12

Seen in babies breast-fed by thiamin-deficient mothers

-Leads to Heart failure

Answer 12

Infantile Beri Beri

Question 13

Often caused by alcoholism (low B1 intake + impaired absorption)

-Characterized by involuntary movement and paralysis of the eye, poor muscle coordination, confusion and short-term memory loss

Answer 13

Cerebral (Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome)

Question 14

Vitamin D deficiency has also been shown to be a prevalent thing in

Answer 14

Heart Failure

Question 15

Vitamin B2 is

Answer 15

Riboflavin

Question 16

What are the two active cofactor forms of Riboflavin?

Answer 16

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) and Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN)

Question 17

Plays an important role in the generation of 4 ATP for each citric acid cycle

Answer 17

Riboflavin

Question 18

What are the 4 main functions of riboflavin?

Answer 18

1. ) Redox reactions for generation of NADPH
2. ) ATP production
3. ) Synthesis or activation of vitamins
4. ) Neurotransmitter metabolism

Question 19

Functions in the krebs cycle and the use of fatty acids for ATP production

Answer 19

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Question 20

Vitamin B2 plays a role in the synthesis or activation of which 5 vitamins?

Answer 20

A, Folate, Niacin, B6, and K

Question 21

B2 functions in the neurotransmitter metabolism of

Answer 21

Dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 22

Vitamin B2 deficiency results in

Answer 22

Ariboflavinosis

Question 23

Isolated deficiency is rare, and generally occurs in instances of malnutrition and multiple micronutrient deficiencies

Answer 23

Vitamin B2

Question 24

Characterized by muscle weakness, mouth and lip sources (cheilosis), mouth inflammation (stomatitis), enlarged and inflamed tongue (glossitis)

Answer 24

Ariboflavinosis

Question 25

Can occur secondary to alcoholism or thyroid disease

Answer 25

Vitamin B2 deficiency

Question 26

Reduces blood pressure in individuals with a genetic predisposition to high blood pressure

Answer 26

Vitamin B2

Question 27

Vitamin B3 is

Answer 27

Niacin

Question 28

What are the two forms of niacin?

Answer 28

Niacin and nicotinamide

Question 29

Nicotinamide (from niacin) is important because it functions in

Answer 29

NAD and NADP

Question 30

Functions in the same redox reactions as B2

Answer 30

Niacin

Question 31

What are three other functions of Niacin?

Answer 31

1. ) ATP production
2. ) Synthesis and metabolism of compound
3. ) Cholesterol metabolism

Question 32

Functions in both glycolysis and the krebs cycel to generate aTP

Answer 32

Niacin

Question 33

Involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, DNA, Vitamin C, and folate

Answer 33

Niacin

Question 34

Lowers LDL and raises HDL

Answer 34

Niacin

Question 35

Niacin deficiency results in

Answer 35

Pellagra

Question 36

Once was very common in the Southern U.S. due to corn being the primary source of protein (corn is low in both niacin and tryptophan)

Answer 36

Pellagra

Question 37

The symptoms of Pellagra are called the

Answer 37

4 D’s

1. ) Dermatitis
2. ) Diarrhea
3. ) Dimentia
4. ) Death

Question 38

High dose niacin supplements lowers

-also can result in flushing and itching

Answer 38

Cholesterol

Question 39

Vitamin B5 is

Answer 39

Pantothenic Acid

Question 40

Panthotenic acid makes up a large chunk of

Answer 40

Acetyl-CoA

Question 41

Like niacin, functions in both glycolysis and the krebs cycle to generate ATP

Answer 41

Vitamin B5

Question 42

Important for the synthesis of heme, cholesterol, bile salts, phospholipids, fatty acids, and steroid hormones

Answer 42

B5 (pantothenic acid)

Question 43

Vitamin B7 is

Answer 43

Biotin

Question 44

Is typically bound to protein in food; usually does not affect bioavailability much

Answer 44

Biotin

Question 45

A protein with very strong binding to biotin which inhibits biotin’s absorption

-Found in egg whites

Answer 45

Avidin

Question 46

This effect of avidin is removed when they are

Answer 46

Cooked

Question 47

Biotin serves its main function in

Answer 47

Carboxylation reactions

Question 48

Biotin functions in catalyzing carboxylation reactions in which 4 things?

Answer 48

Gluconeogenesis, protein catabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and ATP production

Question 49

Not common, but can result in intestinal diseases that block absorption

Answer 49

Biotin deficiency

Question 50

Characterized by symptoms such as depression, hallucinations, skin irritation, infections, hair loss, poor muscle control, seizures, developmental delays

Answer 50

Biotin deficiency