Lecture NC's I Flashcards
Tests that monitor hepatocellular damage tast for
Conjugated Bilirubin, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Leak from damaged liver cells
ALT and AST
Tests that monitor hepatic synthetic capacity test for
Albumin, and clotting factors
How do we test the clotting factors?
Measure prothrombin time (PT/INR)
Transferrin is saturated with iron and ferritin is greatly increased w/
Hemochromatosis
Tests that suggest cholestasis include
Alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and conjugated bilirubin
Increased alkaline phosphatase may suggest
Cholestasis
But to be sure it is cholestasis, we want to look for elevations in
Alkaline phosphatase and GGT
Vitamin K and biotin are synthesized by our
Gut bacteria
Diseases that cause fat malabsorption like cystic fibrosis can also cause
Fat soluble vitamin deficiencies
A genetically modified rice in which beta carotene is synthesized, thus producing a good source of Vitamin A
Golden Rice
Works by taking the “oxidative hit” from free radicals, thus sparing the membrane phospholipids
Vitamin E
Primarily a neurological disease
Dry Beri Beri
Primarily a cardiovascular disease
Wet Beri Beri
Serves as a cofactor for the folate metabolizing enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
FAD
It takes 60mg of tryptophan to make 1mg of
Niacin
Comes from the diet and is produced by gut flora
Biotin
Involved in many reactions related to protein catabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and gluconeogenesis
Biotin
Refers to the biochemical transfer of a carbon-hydrogen unit (CH2) that originates in the amino acid serine, and which is transferred to a form of folate, tetrahydrofolate
One-carbon metabolism
The resulting methylene-THF then
Donates CH2 for multiple things
A sulfur amino acid and product of methionnine metabolism
Homocysteine
Is either remethylated by methylene-THF to reform methionine in a B12 dependent reaction, or it is catabolised to cysteine in two consecutive B6 reactions
Homocysteine
A folate analog that was one of the first chemotherapies
Methotrexate
In lower doses, methotrexate is used to treat
Rheumatoid Arthritis
More effective at preventing strokes when administered with folic acid
Enalopril
This is probably related to the folic acid induced decrease in
Homocysteine
Toxic levels of folic acid can mask or exacerbate
B12 deficiency
