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GI > Metabolic Disturbances due to Food Allergies > Flashcards

Metabolic Disturbances due to Food Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

Are food allergies more prevalent in children or adults?

A

Children (6-8% vs 3.7%)

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2
Q

The leading causes of fatal and near-fatal food allergic reactions

A

Tree nuts and peanuts

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3
Q

Over a period of 2 years, what are the chances that an individual has an allergic reaction?

A

50%

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4
Q

What are the most common allergies in adults?

A

Seafood allergies

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5
Q

Food allergies are the most frequent precipitators of emergency room visits to treat

A

Anaphylaxis (32-54%)

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6
Q

The least abundant immunoglobin

-found only in mammals

A

IgE

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7
Q

IgE is found in the mucous membranes of

A

Lungs, intestines, and skin

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8
Q

IgE provides protection against

A

Parasites (helminths)

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9
Q

Plays a major role in allergies

A

IgE

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10
Q

Binds to basophils (mast cells) on the FCeRI

A

IgE

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11
Q

What are the two stages of food allergy progression?

A

Sensitization and elicitation

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12
Q

The majority of food allergens are

A

Proteins

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13
Q

What is the protein that causes peanut allergies?

-seed storage protein

A

Ara h 1-8

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14
Q

What is the protein that causes shellfish allergy?

-muscle protein

A

Tropomyosin

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15
Q

What is the protein that causes allergy to cow’s milk?

-functions in lactose biosynthesis

A

Lactalbumin

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16
Q

Allergens contain one or more epitopes (fragments) that bind

A

IgE

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17
Q

Structural similarity between allergens, such as that seen in the birch pollen (Bet v 1 ) and apple (Mal d 2) allergens may drive

A

Cross-reactivity

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18
Q

A very atypical food allergy

A

Celiac disease

19
Q

A proline/glutamine rich polypeptide found in wheat

A

Gliadin

20
Q

Gliadin binds strongly to

A

HLA type DQ2

21
Q

Gliadin binding strongly to HLA type DQ2 drives an

A

Immune response

22
Q

HLA-DQ2 binding is made more potent by activation of peptides by tissue

A

Transglutaminase

23
Q

Transglutaminase can crosslink with gliadin peptides, resulting in formation of antibodies against peptide-bound complex, leading to a stronger

A

Autoimmune reaction

24
Q

The proline rich sequence of gliadin makes it resistant to

A

Protease digestion

25
Q

This increases gliadin’s concentration in the small intestine where it can be absorbed and drive an

A

Immune response

26
Q

Inhibits digestion of dietary proteins and causes food allergy

A

Antacid medication

27
Q

Antacid medications can cause

A

Food allergies

28
Q

Interferes with denaturation and proteolysis of food antigens in the stomach

A

Gastric acid suppression

29
Q

Drugs that elevate gastric pH may allow epitopes that are normally destroyed in the stomach to be preserved and recognized by the

A

Immune system

30
Q

Mice fed Bifidobacterium breve and fructo + galacto oligosaccharides were less likely to be sensitized to

A

Whey proteins

31
Q

How many human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that do not nourish infants but support growth of certain beneficial gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium infantis

A

200

32
Q

Also prevent the growth of harmful bacteria like Campylobacter jejuni by blocking their binding to the intestinal mucosa

A

HMOs

33
Q

Human milk contains several lactic acid bacteria that secrete

-kills harmful pathogens

A

Hydrogen peroxide

34
Q

Gastric acid suppression during pregnancy can lead to

A

Childhood asthma (or other allergies)

35
Q

The use of maternal acid-suppressive medication is associated with an increased odds ratio for the development of

A

Childhood asthma

36
Q

Environmentally induced alterations in the commensal microbiota have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of

A

Food allergies

37
Q

Sensitization to a food allergen is increased in mice that have been treated with

A

Antibiotics

38
Q

By selectively colonizing gnotobiotic mice, we demonstrate that the allergy protective capacity is conferred by a

A

Clostridia-containing microbiota

39
Q

Microarray analysis of intestinal epithelial cells from gnotobiotic mice revealed a previously unidentified mechanism by which Clostridia regulate

A

Innate lymphoid cell function

40
Q

A method to elevate IgG and Treg levels and reduce allergies

A

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)

41
Q

SLIT results in lower

A

IgE levels

42
Q

mABs against IgE or FceRI broadly reduce sensitivity to a range of

A

Antigens

43
Q

Allosteric binding to IgE heavy chain domains can dissociate

A

IgE from the receptor

GI (59 decks)

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