Intestinal Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

How much fluid comes into the GI tract in food?

Answer 1

2.0 L

Question 2

How much fluid is secreted into the GI tract per day?

Answer 2

6.5 L

Question 3

How much fluid is reabsorbed from the GI tract per day?

Answer 3

6.5 L

Question 4

Has a large surface area (villi) and functions mostly in electrolyte and nutrient absorption

Answer 4

Small intestine

Question 5

In the small intestine, there is no secretion of

Answer 5

K+

Question 6

Has a small surface area with no villi and functions in electrolyte and water reabsorption

Answer 6

Large intestine

Question 7

Secreted into the large intestine via aldosterone

Answer 7

K+

Question 8

There is no nutrient absorption in the

Answer 8

Large intestine

Question 9

During a meal, the villous epithelial cells in the small\ intestine are responsible for absorbing most of the

Answer 9

Na+

Question 10

Are absorbed passively in the villi of the small intestine

Answer 10

Cl- and K+

Question 11

The primary mechanism of NaCl absorption during the interdigestive period

Answer 11

Parallel Na-H and Cl-HCO3 exchange

Question 12

The villous epithelial cells in the ileum and the surface epithelial cells in the colon are responsible for absorbing most of the

Answer 12

NaCl

Question 13

This occurs via an

Answer 13

Electroneutral mechanism

Question 14

Here carbonic anhydrase (CA) generates intracellular carbonic acid, which splits into H+ and HCO3- and drives the

Answer 14

Exchange process

Question 15

Electroneutral NaCl absorption is inhibited by intracellular increases in

Answer 15

cAMP, cGMP, and Ca2+

Question 16

Electrogenic Na+ absorption occurs in the

Answer 16

Small intestine

Question 17

Increase Na+ absoprtion in the colon as they do in the collecting duct

Answer 17

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 18

Occurs in the crypts of both the small and large intestine

Answer 18

Electrogenic Cl- secretion

Question 19

This chloride is secreted through

Answer 19

CFTR

Question 20

Believed to occur mainly in the crypts rather than in either the epithelial cells of the villus or surface cells of the colon

Answer 20

Cl- secretion

Question 21

Normal basal Cl- secretion is low and insignificant compared to

Answer 21

Cl- absorption

Question 22

Bacterial toxins and hormones can act on

Answer 22

Cl- secretion/absorption

Question 23

What are the two major types of diarrhea?

Answer 23

1. ) Osmotic

2. ) Secretory

Question 24

A nonabsorbable substance draws water and electrolytes into the gut lumen in

Answer 24

Osmotic diarrhea

Question 25

An example of osmotic diarrhea is

Answer 25

Lactose intolerance

Question 26

Electrolytes and fluid are actively secreted into the gut in

Answer 26

Secretory diarrhea

Question 27

A classic cause of secretory diarrhea is

Answer 27

Cholera

Question 28

Traveler’s Diarrhea is due to E. coli enterotoxigenic strains carrying a toxin related to

Answer 28

Cholera Toxin

Question 29

Electrogenic Na+ absorption occurs in the large intestine and enhanced by

Answer 29

Aldosterone

Question 30

Occurs mainly in the crypts rather on the surface epithelium

Answer 30

Cl- secretion

Question 31

In osmotic diarrhea, a non absorbable substance like lactose draws water and electrolytes into the

Answer 31

Gut lumen

Question 32

In secretory diarrhea, electrolytes and fluid are actively secreted into the gut due to a

Answer 32

Toxin