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GI > Itis Case Study > Flashcards

Itis Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

Can mimic GERD and is accompanied by solid food dysphagia

A

Eoinophillic Esophagitis

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2
Q

Associated with systemic allergy and asthma

A

Eosinophillic esophagitis

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3
Q

Characterized by the pathophysiology of a loos LES, thus allowing reflux into the esophagus

A

GERD

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4
Q

Decreased LES resting pressure can lead to

A

GERD

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5
Q

Another cause of GERD can be a

A

Hiatal Hernia

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6
Q

Impaired esophageal clearance due to impaired peristalsis or salivary bicarbonate can lead to

A

GERD

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7
Q

Impaired distal esophageal clearance and delayed gastric emptying can also cause

A

GERD

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8
Q

An H2 blocker used to treat GERD

A

Ranitidine

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9
Q

What are three ways we can decrease a GI bleed/anemia?

A

Dietary changes, decrease caffeine, do not eat before bed

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10
Q

Characterized by the replacement of normal squamous epithelium with specialized columnar epithelium

A

Barret’s esophagus

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11
Q

What percentage of GERD patients develop Barrett Esophagus?

A

10%

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12
Q

What percentage of Barret Esophagus patients develop dysplasia?

A

10%

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13
Q

Occurs due to impaired LES pressure, the presence of hiatal hernia, impaired distal esophageal mucosal defense mechanisms and delayed gastric emptying

A

GERD

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14
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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15
Q

Painful swallowing

A

Odynophagia

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16
Q

Placing the hand under the RUQ, the patient is asked in inspire. The patient’s breath is sharply curtailed as the hand encounters the inflamed gall bladder. This describes

A

Murphy’s sign

17
Q

Characterized by RUQ pain lasting less than 4 hours following meals

A

Biliary Colic

18
Q

When a stone is lodged in the cystic duct, then the stone falls back into the fundus and pain is relieved

A

Biliary Colic

19
Q

In Biliary colic, the pain

A

Radiates

20
Q

Characterized by constant pain in the RUQ with possible radiation to the shoulder or back

A

Acute Cholecystitis

21
Q

Shows signs of inflammation like elevated WBC, and ALT/AST

-also displays positive murphy’s sign

A

Acute cholecystitis

22
Q

Mucosal phospholipases hydrolyze luminal lecithins to toxic lysolecithins, and Gall stones form

A

Acute cholecystitis

23
Q

In acute cholecystitis, what is the percentage of patients with cystic duct obstruction?

A

90%

24
Q

What percentage of acute cholecystitis patients have acalculous cholecystitis?

A

10%

25
Q

The gall bladder wall thickens with chronic inlfammation and the gall bladder contractility is poor with

A

Acute Cholecystitis

26
Q

Pigment stones, Crohn’s disease, and oral contraceptives are risk factors for

A

Acute Cholecystitis

27
Q

Results from chemical irritation and inflammation of the obstructed gallbladder

A

Acute calculous cholecystitis

28
Q

Defined as persistent RUQ abdominal pain > 4 hours and associated with nausea and vomiting, fever, radiation of pain to the back and shoulder, leukocytosis, and often mild elevation of LFT’s

A

Acute Cholecystitis

29
Q

What is the treatment for acute cholecystitis?

A

Cholecystectomy

30
Q

Pancreatic digestive enzymes are synthesized in the inactive (pro enzyme) form, except for

A

Amylase and lipase

31
Q

These enzymes are then sequestered in membrane bound zymogen granules in

A

Acinar cells

32
Q

Activation of pro-enzymes requires conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin by duodenal

A

Enterokinase

33
Q

Trypsin inhibitor that counter-balances trypsin activity

A

Spink1

34
Q

Auto-digestion of the pancreas by inappropriately activated pancreatic enzymes

A

Pancreatitis

35
Q

Inappropriately activated in pancreatitis, triggering the intrapancreatic cascade of enzyme activation

A

Trypsin

36
Q

Pancreatic duct obstruction: gallstones and biliary sludge…enzyme rich fluid in the interstitium…lipase > fat necrosis > inflammatory response > ischemia > ascinar cell injury

A

Pancreatitis

GI (59 decks)

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