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Energy Disturbances due to Alcohol Consumption Flashcards

1
Q

An alcohol used as an alternative car fuel and in paint strippers, duplicator fluid, and model airplane fuels

A

Methanol

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2
Q

What is moderate drinking for

  1. ) Women
  2. ) Men
A
  1. ) No more than 1 drink/day

2. ) No more than 2 drinks/day

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3
Q

Can lead to altered brain function which can lead to memory loss and even dimentia

A

Long term alcohol use

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4
Q

Long term alcohol use can lead to altered circulatory function and heart damage which can manifest as

A

Arrythmias, HBP, and Heart Disease

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5
Q

Alcohol consumption can promote the occurance of

A

Heart burn

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6
Q

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of

A

Esophageal cancer

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7
Q

Heavy alcohol consumption or binging can result in

A

Acute gastritis

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8
Q

Associated with peptic ulcer disease in the stomach and small intestine

A

Alcohol

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9
Q

Increases the transport and absorption of toxins across the intestinal wall which may predispose the liver and other organs to further damage

A

Alcohol

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10
Q

Small amounts of alcohol are absorbed in the

A

Mouth and esophagus

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11
Q

Alcohol absorption is slowed by

A

Food

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12
Q

There is no digestion required for

A

Alcohol absorption

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13
Q

What percentage of alcohol is excreted in

  1. ) Breath?
  2. ) Urine?
A
  1. ) 5%

2. ) 5%

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14
Q

90% of alcohol absorbed by the body is broken down by

A

Liver enzymes

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15
Q

What are 4 things that Alcohol abuse can lead to?

A
  1. ) Kwashiorkor
  2. ) Mineral deficiencies
  3. ) Fe deficiency/overload
  4. ) Vitamin deficiencies
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16
Q

With alcohol abuse, we can see decreased calcium absorption due to

A

Fat malabsorption

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17
Q

Alcohol abuse can lead to decreased intake and increased urinary excretion of

-also lost in vomiting and diarrhea

A

Magnesium

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18
Q

Alcohol abuse can lead to Fe deficiency which can cause

A

GI bleeding and Anemia

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19
Q

With alcohol abuse, we can also see increased absorption of iron from the GI tract, resulting in deposition in the

A

Liver

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20
Q

Iron overload from alcohol abuse can lead to

A

Oxidative damage

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21
Q

Can lead to complications such as fatty liver, alcohol hepatitis, cirrhosis, and an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Iron overload from Alcohol abuse

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22
Q

Alcohol abuse interferes with the absorption of which water soluble vitamins?

A

Thiamine, Folate, and B12

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23
Q

Alcohol abuse results in increased excretion of

A

Vitamin B6

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24
Q

With alcohol abuse, we see an increased need for

-for alcohol metabolism

A

Niacin

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25
Q

Impairs functions of the liver and pancreas

-Also causes poor absorption of vitamins ADEK

A

Alcohol abuse

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26
Q

What are the three enzyme systems responsible for the metabolism of ethanol in the liver?

A
  1. ) Cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase
  2. ) Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)
  3. ) Catalase in peroxisomes
27
Q

The main mechanism of alcohol metabolsism, which occurs in the enterocytes to some extent, is via

A

Cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase

28
Q

Small amounts of alcohol can be metabolized to acetaldehyde and eventually to acetyl CoA to enter the TCA cycle via

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

29
Q

Causes NADH accumulation

A

Alcohol metabolism

30
Q

Results in the inhibition of PDC which results in the inhibition of the TCA cycle and lactic acidosis

A

NADH accumulation

31
Q

Alcohol metabolism inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, which results in

A

Hypoglycemia

32
Q

Alcohol metabolism results in increased acetyl CoA formation which accelerates FA synthesis and results in

A

Ketoacidosis

33
Q

What are the three effects of alcohol metabolism?

A
  1. ) NADH accumulation
  2. ) Hypoglycemia
  3. ) Increased Acetyl CoA formation
34
Q

During intense alcohol use, the urate reabsorption transport process via URAT1 is triggered by

A

Lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis

35
Q

This promotes renal reabsorption of

36
Q

A purine rich molecule which catabolizes to uric acid

37
Q

What do you do if an alcoholic patient comes to the ER with hypoglycemia, confusion, and loss of mental activity and muscle coordination?

A

Give glucose before thiamine for Wernicke Encephalopathy

38
Q

A woman who drinks during pregnancy runs the risk that her child will be born with

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

39
Q

Retarded growth that begins before birth and continues after birth

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

40
Q

FAS is similar to PDH deficiency because these kids PDH is inhibited by

A

Increased NADH

41
Q

Block the conversion of cytoplasmic malate to oxaloacetate, preventing gluconeogenesis

A

NADH levels

42
Q

High NADH forces G-3-P Dehydrogenase to run backwards, thus inhibiting

A

Glycolysis

43
Q

Conversion of lactate to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase is also inhibited by high

44
Q

Consumption of large amounts of alcohol can result in

A

Hypoglycemia and mild lactic acidosis

45
Q

Severe hypoglycemia can result in irreversible damage to the

-might be mistaken for simple intoxication in its early stages

46
Q

Causes people to feel sick so they will not want to drink alcohol when it accumulates

A

Excess acetaldehyde

47
Q

Alcohol is a peripheral vasodilator because of its metabolite

A

Acetaldehyde

48
Q

Thus the vessels near the skin surface enlarge and you feel

49
Q

What two things help to protect from developing alcoholism?

A

High ADH and Low ALDH which leads to acetaldehyde accumulation

50
Q

What two things genetically signify the propensity to developing alcoholism?

A

Low ADH and high ALDH, leading to the accumulation of acetate

51
Q

The type of ADH and ALDH an individual carries influences how much he or she

52
Q

Which ALDH variant protects from alcoholism?

53
Q

Inhibits ALDH, which causes a noxious reaction if alcohol is consumed

54
Q

Used to treat chronic alcoholism

55
Q

Causes unpleasant effects when even small amounts of alcohol are consumed

56
Q

Its effects begin about 10 minutes after alcohol enters the body and lasts for 1 hour or more

57
Q

A toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism

A

Acetaldehyde

58
Q

A fast ADH enzyme or a slow ALDH enzyme can cause toxic buildup of

A

Acetaldehyde

59
Q

Large amounts of alcohol can overwhelm its typical metabolic route, so excess alcohol enters an overflow pathway called the

A

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)

60
Q

Enzyme of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system that is inducible with chronic alcohol consumption. Also metabolizes alcohol

61
Q

Which 4 things can CYP2E1 metabolize?

A
  1. ) Acetaldehyde
  2. ) Acetaminophen
  3. ) The antibiotic isoniazid
  4. ) The barbituate phenobarbital
62
Q

In the absence of alcohol, CYP2E1 activity is

63
Q

CYP2E1 metabolizes tylenol to a toxic intermediate

-quickly detoxified and excreted

64
Q

In chronic heavy drinkers, CYP2E1 activity is enhanced. As a result, the metabolism of tylenol increases which increases the levels of

A

Toxic metabolites

-damages the liver

GI (59 decks)

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