Energy Disturbances due to Alcohol Consumption

Question 1

An alcohol used as an alternative car fuel and in paint strippers, duplicator fluid, and model airplane fuels

Answer 1

Methanol

Question 2

What is moderate drinking for

1. ) Women
2. ) Men

Answer 2

1. ) No more than 1 drink/day

2. ) No more than 2 drinks/day

Question 3

Can lead to altered brain function which can lead to memory loss and even dimentia

Answer 3

Long term alcohol use

Question 4

Long term alcohol use can lead to altered circulatory function and heart damage which can manifest as

Answer 4

Arrythmias, HBP, and Heart Disease

Question 5

Alcohol consumption can promote the occurance of

Answer 5

Heart burn

Question 6

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of

Answer 6

Esophageal cancer

Question 7

Heavy alcohol consumption or binging can result in

Answer 7

Acute gastritis

Question 8

Associated with peptic ulcer disease in the stomach and small intestine

Answer 8

Alcohol

Question 9

Increases the transport and absorption of toxins across the intestinal wall which may predispose the liver and other organs to further damage

Answer 9

Alcohol

Question 10

Small amounts of alcohol are absorbed in the

Answer 10

Mouth and esophagus

Question 11

Alcohol absorption is slowed by

Answer 11

Food

Question 12

There is no digestion required for

Answer 12

Alcohol absorption

Question 13

What percentage of alcohol is excreted in

1. ) Breath?
2. ) Urine?

Answer 13

1. ) 5%

2. ) 5%

Question 14

90% of alcohol absorbed by the body is broken down by

Answer 14

Liver enzymes

Question 15

What are 4 things that Alcohol abuse can lead to?

Answer 15

1. ) Kwashiorkor
2. ) Mineral deficiencies
3. ) Fe deficiency/overload
4. ) Vitamin deficiencies

Question 16

With alcohol abuse, we can see decreased calcium absorption due to

Answer 16

Fat malabsorption

Question 17

Alcohol abuse can lead to decreased intake and increased urinary excretion of

-also lost in vomiting and diarrhea

Answer 17

Magnesium

Question 18

Alcohol abuse can lead to Fe deficiency which can cause

Answer 18

GI bleeding and Anemia

Question 19

With alcohol abuse, we can also see increased absorption of iron from the GI tract, resulting in deposition in the

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

Iron overload from alcohol abuse can lead to

Answer 20

Oxidative damage

Question 21

Can lead to complications such as fatty liver, alcohol hepatitis, cirrhosis, and an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 21

Iron overload from Alcohol abuse

Question 22

Alcohol abuse interferes with the absorption of which water soluble vitamins?

Answer 22

Thiamine, Folate, and B12

Question 23

Alcohol abuse results in increased excretion of

Answer 23

Vitamin B6

Question 24

With alcohol abuse, we see an increased need for

-for alcohol metabolism

Answer 24

Niacin

Question 25

Impairs functions of the liver and pancreas -Also causes poor absorption of vitamins ADEK

Answer 25

Alcohol abuse

Question 26

What are the three enzyme systems responsible for the metabolism of ethanol in the liver?

Answer 26

1. ) Cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase 2. ) Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS) 3. ) Catalase in peroxisomes

Question 27

The main mechanism of alcohol metabolsism, which occurs in the enterocytes to some extent, is via

Answer 27

Cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 28

Small amounts of alcohol can be metabolized to acetaldehyde and eventually to acetyl CoA to enter the TCA cycle via

Answer 28

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 29

Causes NADH accumulation

Answer 29

Alcohol metabolism

Question 30

Results in the inhibition of PDC which results in the inhibition of the TCA cycle and lactic acidosis

Answer 30

NADH accumulation

Question 31

Alcohol metabolism inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, which results in

Answer 31

Hypoglycemia

Question 32

Alcohol metabolism results in increased acetyl CoA formation which accelerates FA synthesis and results in

Answer 32

Ketoacidosis

Question 33

What are the three effects of alcohol metabolism?

Answer 33

1. ) NADH accumulation 2. ) Hypoglycemia 3. ) Increased Acetyl CoA formation

Question 34

During intense alcohol use, the urate reabsorption transport process via URAT1 is triggered by

Answer 34

Lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis

Question 35

This promotes renal reabsorption of

Answer 35

Urate

Question 36

A purine rich molecule which catabolizes to uric acid

Answer 36

Beer

Question 37

What do you do if an alcoholic patient comes to the ER with hypoglycemia, confusion, and loss of mental activity and muscle coordination?

Answer 37

Give glucose before thiamine for Wernicke Encephalopathy

Question 38

A woman who drinks during pregnancy runs the risk that her child will be born with

Answer 38

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 39

Retarded growth that begins before birth and continues after birth

Answer 39

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Question 40

FAS is similar to PDH deficiency because these kids PDH is inhibited by

Answer 40

Increased NADH

Question 41

Block the conversion of cytoplasmic malate to oxaloacetate, preventing gluconeogenesis

Answer 41

NADH levels

Question 42

High NADH forces G-3-P Dehydrogenase to run backwards, thus inhibiting

Answer 42

Glycolysis

Question 43

Conversion of lactate to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase is also inhibited by high

Answer 43

NADH

Question 44

Consumption of large amounts of alcohol can result in

Answer 44

Hypoglycemia and mild lactic acidosis

Question 45

Severe hypoglycemia can result in irreversible damage to the -might be mistaken for simple intoxication in its early stages

Answer 45

CNS

Question 46

Causes people to feel sick so they will not want to drink alcohol when it accumulates

Answer 46

Excess acetaldehyde

Question 47

Alcohol is a peripheral vasodilator because of its metabolite

Answer 47

Acetaldehyde

Question 48

Thus the vessels near the skin surface enlarge and you feel

Answer 48

Warmer

Question 49

What two things help to protect from developing alcoholism?

Answer 49

High ADH and Low ALDH which leads to acetaldehyde accumulation

Question 50

What two things genetically signify the propensity to developing alcoholism?

Answer 50

Low ADH and high ALDH, leading to the accumulation of acetate

Question 51

The type of ADH and ALDH an individual carries influences how much he or she

Answer 51

Drinks

Question 52

Which ALDH variant protects from alcoholism?

Answer 52

ALDH2*2

Question 53

Inhibits ALDH, which causes a noxious reaction if alcohol is consumed

Answer 53

Disulfram

Question 54

Used to treat chronic alcoholism

Answer 54

Disulfram

Question 55

Causes unpleasant effects when even small amounts of alcohol are consumed

Answer 55

Disulfram

Question 56

Its effects begin about 10 minutes after alcohol enters the body and lasts for 1 hour or more

Answer 56

Disulfram

Question 57

A toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism

Answer 57

Acetaldehyde

Question 58

A fast ADH enzyme or a slow ALDH enzyme can cause toxic buildup of

Answer 58

Acetaldehyde

Question 59

Large amounts of alcohol can overwhelm its typical metabolic route, so excess alcohol enters an overflow pathway called the

Answer 59

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)

Question 60

Enzyme of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system that is inducible with chronic alcohol consumption. Also metabolizes alcohol

Answer 60

CYP2E1

Question 61

Which 4 things can CYP2E1 metabolize?

Answer 61

1. ) Acetaldehyde 2. ) Acetaminophen 3. ) The antibiotic isoniazid 4. ) The barbituate phenobarbital

Question 62

In the absence of alcohol, CYP2E1 activity is

Answer 62

Low

Question 63

CYP2E1 metabolizes tylenol to a toxic intermediate -quickly detoxified and excreted

Answer 63

NAPQ1

Question 64

In chronic heavy drinkers, CYP2E1 activity is enhanced. As a result, the metabolism of tylenol increases which increases the levels of

Answer 64

Toxic metabolites -damages the liver