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Neuroanatomy > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

three functional types of thalamic nuclei

A
  • relay/specific
  • nonspecific
  • associative
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2
Q

where is thalamus located

A

within diencephalon

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3
Q

how is thalamus seperated from hypothalamus

A

hypothalamic sulcus

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4
Q

how is thalamus connected to opposing thalamus

A

by interthalamic adhesion

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5
Q

what is thalamus bounded superiorly by

A

lateral ventricle

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6
Q

what is thalamus bounded inferiorly by

A

hypothalamus and subthalamus

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7
Q

what is thalamus bounded laterally by

A

caudate nucleus, thalamostriate vein and stria terminalis

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8
Q

what is thalamus bounded medially by

A

choroid plexus of third ventricle

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9
Q

what does the anterior pole of the thalamus from

A

the posterior wall of the interventricular foramen of monro

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10
Q

what is the posterior pole of the thalamus also referred to as

A

pulvinar

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11
Q

6 thalamic nuclei groups

A
  • anterior
  • ventral
  • lateral
  • medial
  • posterior
  • intralaminar
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12
Q

where is the external medullary lamina located

A

laterally, seperates reticular nucleus from the rest of the thalamus

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13
Q

what does the external medullary lamina contain

A

thalamodortical and corticothalamic fibres

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14
Q

what is the internal medullary lamina

A

y shaped band that divides the thalamus into anterior, medial and lateral nuclear groups

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15
Q

what does the internal medullary lamina contain

A

fibres connecting thalamic nuclei with one another and intralaminar groups

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16
Q

what is the reticular nucleus

A

sensory cerebral cortical divres with some fibres of the reticular formation, these aid in cortical regulation of thalamic activity

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17
Q

anterior nucleus location

A

anterior pole

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18
Q

anterior nucleus functions

A
  • part of papez circuit (memory and language) which is thought to be chiefly involved in declarative memory
  • disconnection from mammilary bodies can result in amnesia
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19
Q

anterior nucleus afferent connections

A

from mammilary bodies to the hypothalamus via the mammilothalamic tract

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20
Q

anterior nucleus efferent connections

A

to cingulate gyrus, enterohinal cortex, hippocampal formation and hypothalamus

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21
Q

location of ventral anterior nuclues

A

anterior lateral nuclear mass

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22
Q

ventral anterior nucleus function

A

cognitive loop of basal ganglia by reciprocal connections from cerebral cortex to basal ganglia and cerebellum

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23
Q

afferent connections of ventral anterior nucleus

A

from ipsilateral globus pallidus

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24
Q

efferent connections of ventral anterior nucleus

A

to prefrontal and premotor cortices

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25
Q

ventral lateral nucleus location

A

between ventral anterior and ventral posterior

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26
Q

ventral lateral nucleus function

A

part of motor loop basal ganglia circuit which influences normal locomotion

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27
Q

ventral lateral nucleus anterior afferent connection

A

from ipsilateral globus pallidus internus project to supplementary motor area

28
Q

ventral lateral nucleus posterior afferent connections

A

from dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical (DRTC) tract project to motor cortex

29
Q

VPL/VPM location

A

between VL nucleus and pulvinar, further subdivided into ventral posterolateral (VPl), ventral postero-medial (VPm), ventral posteroinferior (VPi) and ventromedial (VM)

30
Q

VPL/VPM function

A

somoatopically organised relay in the somatosensory pathways

31
Q

VPL/VPM afferent connections

A

general sensory information from C/L head, neck and body to a conscious level, via the medial, spinal and trigeminal lemnisci

32
Q

VPL/VPM efferent connections

A

project to primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and small projection to secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in inferior parietal lobe

33
Q

what does VPL receive

A

medial and spinal lemnisci fibres

34
Q

what does VPM receive

A

trigeminal lemniscus fibres and taste and balance information from nucleus tractus solidarius (NTS) and vestibular nuclei

35
Q

VPL/VPM modality segregation

A
  • Proprioceptive neurons anterior
  • Tactile neurons in mid-region
  • Nociceptive fibres posteriorly
36
Q

four association nuclei

A
  • lateral dorsal
  • lateral medial
  • pulvinar
  • medial dorsal
37
Q

what are association nuclei

A

nuclei with reciprocal connections to the association areas of the cerebral cortex

38
Q

lateral dorsal nucleus connections

A

reciprocal connections with posterior cingulate gyrus

39
Q

lateral dorsal nucleus function

A

relates to memory

40
Q

lateral posterior nucleus and pulvinar connections

A

Recieves afferents from superior colliculus and projects to visual and parietal association areas

41
Q

lateral medial nucleus and pulvinar functions

A
  • General integration of sensory information with hearing and vision
  • An extrageniculate visual pathway passes from the optic tract to the visual association area via the superior colliculus and pulvinar to draw attention to objects of interest in the peripheral field of vision, without being a source of conscious visual perception
42
Q

medial dorsal nucleus afferent connections

A

from limbic system/prefrontal cortex

43
Q

medial dorsal nucleus efferent connections

A

to prefrontal association cortex

44
Q

medial dorsal nucleus functions

A
  • Regulating smell
  • Important in pain perception and attention, planning, organisation, abstract thinking, multitasking and active memory
45
Q

what does disease or stimulation of medial dorsal nucleus cause

A

changes in motivational drive, problem solving ability, level of consciousness, personality, mood and emotional changes

46
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus location

A

posterior pole of thalamus behind pulvinar in lateral dorsal tier

47
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus function

A

visual pathway

48
Q

lateral genicuate nucleus afferent connection

A

retinal fibres via optic tract

49
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus efferent connection

A

project to primary visual cortex in the optic radiations via retro-lentiform part of the internal capsule

50
Q

medial geniculate nucleus location

A

just medial to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the pulvinar

51
Q

medial geniculate nucleus function

A

auditory pathway

52
Q

medial geniculate nucleus afferent connection

A

from inferior colliculus of the midbrain via the inferior brachium

53
Q

medial geniculate nucleus afferent connection

A

from inferior colliculus of the midbrain via the inferior brachium

54
Q

medial geniculate nucleus efferent connection

A

Primary auditory cortex

55
Q

intralaminar nuclei location

A

within internal medullary lamina

56
Q

intralaminar nuclei function

A

part of mechanism that governs general wakefulness

57
Q

intralaminar nuclei afferent connections

A

scending fibres from reticular activating system as well as spinothalamic and trigemino-thalamic alertness

58
Q

intralaminar nuclei efferent connection

A

project widely to the cerebral cortex as well as to the corpus striatum

59
Q

where does the anterior thalamic peduncle run

A

in anterior limb of internal capsule to the prefrontal gyrus/cingulate gyrus

60
Q

where does the superior thalamic peduncle run

A

through posterior limb of internal capsule to premotor, motor and sensory cortices

61
Q

where does the posterior thalamic peduncle run

A

through retro-lentiform internal capsule to occipital lobe, posterior parietal and temporal lobes

62
Q

where does the inferior thalamic peduncle run

A

passes below the lentiform nucleus to reach the temporal and orbital cortex

63
Q

thalamic peduncles location

A

between the external medullary lamina and the internal capsule

64
Q

thalamic peduncles function

A

thalamic gate dampens down output to cortex when necessary

65
Q

thalamic peduncles afferent connections

A

ascending reticular activating system intra laminar Meynert nuclei and thalamocortical/corticothalamic collaterals

66
Q

thalamic peduncles efferent connections

A

thalamic projection nucleus and to inhibitory interneurons

Neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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