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Neuroanatomy > Practical 5: Spinal Cord and Blood Supply of CNS > Flashcards

Practical 5: Spinal Cord and Blood Supply of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three meninges present in the vertebral canal

A
  • dura
  • arachnoid
  • pia
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2
Q

what is the space between the arachnoid and the pia called

A

the subarachnoid space

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3
Q

what is the subarachnoid space filled with

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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4
Q

what is the space between the dura and the walls of the vertebral canal called

A

epidural space

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5
Q

what is the epidural space filled with

A

fat, loose connective tissue, and blood vessels

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6
Q

what are denticulate ligaments

A

fine triangular ligaments which connect the spinal cord to the dura

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7
Q

what type of filaments are the dorsal filaments which make up the dorsal nerve roots

A

sensory fibres

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8
Q

what type of filaments are the ventral filaments which make up the ventral nerve roots

A

motor fibres

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9
Q

what does the spinal nerve divide into as it leaves the intervertebrak foramen

A

posterior primary ramus and anterior primary ramus

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10
Q

what do the posterior primary rami supply

A

muscles and skin on the back of the body

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11
Q

what do the anterior primary rami supply

A

the rest of the body

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12
Q

what nerves make up the brachial plexus

A

five anterior rami between C5 and T1

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13
Q

what emerges from the brachial plexus

A

major nerves supplying upper extremities

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14
Q

what make up the lumbar and sacral plexuses

A

anterior rami from L1 to S3

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15
Q

what emerges from the lumbar and sacral plexuses

A

nerves supplying the lower extermity

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16
Q

internal carotid pathway

A

upwards to base of skull without branching -> enters carotid canal -> leaves through foramen lacerum -> runs under anterior clinoid process -> comes out behind optic canal -> emerges through dura beneath optic nerve -> gives off ophthalmic artery

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17
Q

where does the ophthalmic artery run

A

through optic canal with optic nerve

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18
Q

what does the opthalmic artery supply

A

contents of the orbit and the central part of the forehead

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19
Q

where does the vertebral artery arise

A

from the subclavian artery in the root of the neck

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20
Q

vertebral artery pathway

A

subclavian artery in root of neck -> opening of transverse process in C6 -> through openings of transverse processes in the upper 6 cervical vertebrae -> through atlanto-occipital membrane -> through dura -> join together -> form basilar artery

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21
Q

main branches of the internal carotid artery

A
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • posterior communicating artery
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22
Q

what does the internal carotid artery become

A

middle cerebral artery

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23
Q

how are the two anterior cerebral arteries connected to eachother

A

by the anterior communicating artery

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24
Q

what does the labyrinthine artery supply

A

the inner ear

25
Q

what four arteries arise from the top of the basilar artery

A
  • two superior cerebellar arteries
  • two posterior cerebral arteries
26
Q

what arteries make up the circle of willis

A
  • anterior communicating artery
  • anterior cerebral arteries
  • internal carotids
  • posterior communicating arteries
  • posterior cerebral arteries
27
Q

is the spinal extradural space a potential or genuine space

A

geniune space

28
Q

synonym for extradural space

A

epidural space

29
Q

the spinal cord ends at …

A

the vertebrae level L1/L2

30
Q

the spinal subarachnoid space ends at …

A

the vertebrae level S1/S2

31
Q

lumbar cistern

A

the part of the spinal subarachnoid space that extends below the spinal cord

32
Q

cauda equina

A

nerve roots traveling from the spinal cord to the intervertebral foramina below the vertebrae level L2

33
Q

where does the cauda equina lie

A

in the lumbar cistern

34
Q

where do the anterior nerve rootlets emerge from

A

anterolateral sulcus

35
Q

where do the posterior nerve rootlets emerge from

A

posterolateral sulcus

36
Q

spinal nerve parts

A

anterior and posterior nerve roots

37
Q

where do anterior and posterior nerve roots unite to become spinal nerves

A

intervertebral foramen

38
Q

the Wiegert stain dyes …

A

myelin

39
Q

are the posterior columns highly myelinated

A

yes

40
Q

are the spinocerebellar tracts highly myelinated

A

yes

41
Q

are the spinothalamic tracts highly myelinated

A

no

42
Q

blood supply of the spinal cord

A

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

43
Q

artery of Adamciewicz

A

the only major arterial supply supplying the anterior spinal artery along the lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord

44
Q

clinical significance of the artery of Adamciewicz

A
  • injury to this artery can cause neurologic damage (fecal and urinary incontinence, impaired motor function)
  • sensory function is usually preserved
45
Q

dura mater

A
46
Q

arachnoid mater

A
47
Q

pia mater

A
48
Q

conus medullaris

A
49
Q

at what vertebral level is the conus medullaris typically found at

A

L1

50
Q

cauda equina

A
51
Q

denticulate ligaments

A
52
Q

cervical and lumbar enlargements

A
53
Q

spinal nerves

A
54
Q

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

A
55
Q

anterolateral sulcus

A
56
Q

what emerges at the anterolateral sulcus

A

rootlets of CNXII (the hypoglossal nerve)

57
Q

posterolateral sulcus

A
58
Q

what emerges at the posterolateral sulcus

A

posterior or sensory spinal nerves rootlets

Neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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