Practical 5: Spinal Cord and Blood Supply of CNS Flashcards
what are the three meninges present in the vertebral canal
- dura
- arachnoid
- pia
what is the space between the arachnoid and the pia called
the subarachnoid space
what is the subarachnoid space filled with
cerebrospinal fluid
what is the space between the dura and the walls of the vertebral canal called
epidural space
what is the epidural space filled with
fat, loose connective tissue, and blood vessels
what are denticulate ligaments
fine triangular ligaments which connect the spinal cord to the dura
what type of filaments are the dorsal filaments which make up the dorsal nerve roots
sensory fibres
what type of filaments are the ventral filaments which make up the ventral nerve roots
motor fibres
what does the spinal nerve divide into as it leaves the intervertebrak foramen
posterior primary ramus and anterior primary ramus
what do the posterior primary rami supply
muscles and skin on the back of the body
what do the anterior primary rami supply
the rest of the body
what nerves make up the brachial plexus
five anterior rami between C5 and T1
what emerges from the brachial plexus
major nerves supplying upper extremities
what make up the lumbar and sacral plexuses
anterior rami from L1 to S3
what emerges from the lumbar and sacral plexuses
nerves supplying the lower extermity
internal carotid pathway
upwards to base of skull without branching -> enters carotid canal -> leaves through foramen lacerum -> runs under anterior clinoid process -> comes out behind optic canal -> emerges through dura beneath optic nerve -> gives off ophthalmic artery
where does the ophthalmic artery run
through optic canal with optic nerve
what does the opthalmic artery supply
contents of the orbit and the central part of the forehead
where does the vertebral artery arise
from the subclavian artery in the root of the neck
vertebral artery pathway
subclavian artery in root of neck -> opening of transverse process in C6 -> through openings of transverse processes in the upper 6 cervical vertebrae -> through atlanto-occipital membrane -> through dura -> join together -> form basilar artery
main branches of the internal carotid artery
- anterior cerebral artery
- posterior communicating artery
what does the internal carotid artery become
middle cerebral artery
how are the two anterior cerebral arteries connected to eachother
by the anterior communicating artery
what does the labyrinthine artery supply
the inner ear
what four arteries arise from the top of the basilar artery
- two superior cerebellar arteries
- two posterior cerebral arteries
what arteries make up the circle of willis
- anterior communicating artery
- anterior cerebral arteries
- internal carotids
- posterior communicating arteries
- posterior cerebral arteries
is the spinal extradural space a potential or genuine space
geniune space
synonym for extradural space
epidural space
the spinal cord ends at …
the vertebrae level L1/L2
the spinal subarachnoid space ends at …
the vertebrae level S1/S2
lumbar cistern
the part of the spinal subarachnoid space that extends below the spinal cord
cauda equina
nerve roots traveling from the spinal cord to the intervertebral foramina below the vertebrae level L2
where does the cauda equina lie
in the lumbar cistern
where do the anterior nerve rootlets emerge from
anterolateral sulcus
where do the posterior nerve rootlets emerge from
posterolateral sulcus
spinal nerve parts
anterior and posterior nerve roots
where do anterior and posterior nerve roots unite to become spinal nerves
intervertebral foramen
the Wiegert stain dyes …
myelin
are the posterior columns highly myelinated
yes
are the spinocerebellar tracts highly myelinated
yes
are the spinothalamic tracts highly myelinated
no
blood supply of the spinal cord
anterior and posterior spinal arteries
artery of Adamciewicz
the only major arterial supply supplying the anterior spinal artery along the lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord
clinical significance of the artery of Adamciewicz
- injury to this artery can cause neurologic damage (fecal and urinary incontinence, impaired motor function)
- sensory function is usually preserved
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
conus medullaris
at what vertebral level is the conus medullaris typically found at
L1
cauda equina
denticulate ligaments
cervical and lumbar enlargements
spinal nerves
anterior and posterior spinal arteries
anterolateral sulcus
what emerges at the anterolateral sulcus
rootlets of CNXII (the hypoglossal nerve)
posterolateral sulcus
what emerges at the posterolateral sulcus
posterior or sensory spinal nerves rootlets
