Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

nucleus definition

A

collection of neuron cell bodies in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tract definition

A

collection of axons in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ganglia definition

A

collection of neuron cell bodies in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what percentage of the brain is made up by the cerebrum

A

83%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the cerebrum control

A
  • higher mental functions including all conscious thoughts and intellectual functions
  • Processes somatic sensory and motor information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is cerebrum divided

A

into left and right cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is grey matter made of

A

cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is grey matter found

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how much of cerebral cortex is its surface area

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how much of cerebral cortex is in sulci

A

about 2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is cerebral cortex thickest

A

over crest of convolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is cerebral cortex thinnest

A

in depth of sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why does the cerebral cortex have a folded surface area

A

increases surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gyrus definition

A

elevated ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sulcus definition

A

shallow depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fissure definition

A

deep groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many neurons in cerebral cortex

A

1 trillion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many glial cells in cerebral cortex

A

1 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is white matter

A

myelinated axons which connect cerebral cortex with other brain regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

three types of white matter fibres

A
  • commissural fibres
  • association fibres
  • projection fibres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

commissural fibres function

A
  • connect cortices of right and left cerebral hemispheres
  • largest bundle forms corpus callosum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

association fibres function

A

connect regions of the cerebral cortex within one hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

two types of association fibres

A
  • short (arcuate)
  • long (longitudinal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

short association fibres function

A

connect adjacent gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

long association fibres function

A

connect distant gyri (different lobes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

projection fibres function

A
  • leave white matter
  • form internal capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

two categories of projection fibres

A

corticofugal and corticopedal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

corticofugal fibres

A

terminate in basal nuclei, brainstem or spinal cord

29
Q

corticopedal fibres

A

typically originate in the thalamus and terminate in the cerebral cortex

30
Q

what is layer I also called

A

molecule layer

31
Q

what is molecule layer made of

A

sparse, nonspecific afferents

32
Q

what is layer II aslo known as

A

outer granule cell layer

33
Q

what is layer II made of

A

interneurons for non-specific afferent input

34
Q

what is layer III also known as

A

Outer pyramidal cell layer

35
Q

what is layer III made up of

A

small and medium pyramidal cells, short association output

36
Q

what is layer IV also known as

A

inner granule layer

37
Q

what is layer IV made up of

A

mainly interneurons for specific afferent input

38
Q

what is layer V also known as

A

inner pyramidal cell layer

39
Q

what is layer V made of

A

largest pyramidal cells, long projection neurons and long association output

40
Q

what is layer VI also known as

A

multi-form layer

41
Q

what is layer VI made up of

A

variably shaped cells, projection and long association output

42
Q

pyramidal neurons

A
  • Long elongated
  • Their axons project from white matter, so the vast majority are projection neurons
  • Exitatory (glutamate or aspartate neurotransmitters)
43
Q

are pyramidal cells homogenous or heterogenous

A

homogenous

44
Q

what percentage of all cells in cortex are pyramidal

A

60-70%

45
Q

non-pyramidal neurons

A
  • Stellate and basket cells mainly
  • Small and multipolar
  • Mainly found in Layer IV
  • Axons stay in grey matter
  • Interneurons
  • Inhibitory (GABA)
46
Q

are non-pyramidal neurons homogenous or heterogenous

A

heterogenous

47
Q

what percentage of all cells in cortex are non-pyramidal

A

30-40%

48
Q

what does the frontal lobe control

A
  • initiation and control of voluntary movement
  • expressive langauge function
  • higher function of mood, personality, judgement, motivation and executive functions
49
Q

parietal lobe fuction

A
  • perception and discrimination of somatic sensory stimuli
  • involved in integrating visual and somatic sensory information
50
Q

temporal lobe function

A
  • auditory perception and discrimination
  • receptive language function
  • olfaction
  • learning and memory function
51
Q

occipital lobe function

A
  • visual perception and recognition
  • insular - buried in lateral sulcus
  • receives taste afferent information
  • associated with somatic sensory and limbic function
  • influences autonomic functions
52
Q

where is brocca’s area

A

left side of fronal lobe

53
Q

where is Wernicke’s area

A

left side of temporal lobe

54
Q

where are the motor areas

A

precentral gyrus of frontal lobe and primary motor cortex

55
Q

motor areas function

A

directs voluntary movement

56
Q

where are the sensory areas

A
  • post central gyrus of parietal lobe
  • primary sensory cortex
57
Q

sensory areas function

A

receives somatic sensory information

58
Q

examples of sensory somatic information

A
  • touch
  • pressure
  • pain
  • vibration
  • taste
  • temperature
59
Q

what are association areas

A

any brain region that recieves input from more than one sensory modality

60
Q

three examples of association areas

A
  • parietal cortex
  • temporal cortex
  • frontal cortex
61
Q

parietal cortex function

A

attends to stimulu in external and internal environments

62
Q

temporal cortex function

A

identifies nature of stimuli

63
Q

frontal cortex function

A

plans an appropriate response to stimuli

64
Q

where is prefrontal cortex

A

anterior part of frontal lobes, lies in front of the motor and premotor areas

65
Q

prefontal cortex function

A
  • coordinates information from all other association areas
  • important in intellect, planning, reasoning, mood, abstract ideas, judgement, conscience and accurately predicting consequences
66
Q

what is hemispheric lateralization

A

functional differences between left and right hemispheres

67
Q

what does lef hemisphere control (in most people)

A

reading, writing, maths, decision-making, logic, speech and language

68
Q

what does the right hemisphere control (in most people)

A

recognition, affect, visual/spatial reasoning, emotion and artistic skills

Neuroanatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions