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Neuroanatomy > Practical 1: Lateral Surface of the Brain > Flashcards

Practical 1: Lateral Surface of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

what is blue

A

frontal lobe

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2
Q

what is green

A

temporal lobe

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3
Q

what is yellow

A

parietal lobe

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4
Q

what is red

A

occipital lobe

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5
Q

what part of the cranial cavity does the frontal lobe occupy

A

anterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

what part of the cranial cavity does the temporal lobe occupy

A

middle cranial fossa

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7
Q

what seperates the anterior and middle cranial fossae

A

sphenoid ridges

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8
Q

what sperates the middle and posterior cranial fossae

A

petrous temporal bones

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9
Q

what part of the cranial cavity contains the cerebellum and the brainstem

A

posterior cranial fossa

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10
Q

where else is dura found (not cranial cavity)

A

lining the foramen magnum and the vertebral canal

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11
Q

what is the tentorium

A

an extension of the dura that seperates the posterior cranial fossa from the rest of the cranial cavity and seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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12
Q

what is the tentorium incisor

A

an opening in the tentorium through which the brainstem passes

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13
Q

tentorium boundaries

A
  • occipital bone
  • edge of petrous temporal bone
  • posterior clinoid process
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14
Q

what is the upper surface of the tentorium continuous with

A

the dura of the floor of the middle cranial fossa

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15
Q

what is the falx

A

tissue that forms a midline partition between the two cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

what bones is the falx attached to

A

occipital, parietal and frontal bones along its length and to the crista galli at the front

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17
Q

what happens near the falx’s point of attachment

A

it splits into two layers, leaving a triangular space for the superior sagittal sinus

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18
Q

what are the three meninges

A

the dura, arachnoid and pia

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19
Q

gyrus

A

outward fold of the brain

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20
Q

sulcus

A

inward fold of the brain

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21
Q

what do blood vessels into the brain carry with them

A

a sleeve of pia

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22
Q

which meninge extends into the sulci

A

the pia

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23
Q

which meninge is the toughest

A

the dura

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24
Q

what blood vessels run in the thickness of the dura

A

branches of the middle meningeal artery

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25
Q

why don’t the openings in the dura match the openings in the bone (for blood vessels)

A

normally, the blood vessel runs underneath the dura for a bit before entering the brain

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26
Q

what is the space between the two cerebral hemispheres, occupied by the falx called

A

the longitudinal cerebral fissure

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27
Q

what are the two cerebral hemispheres connected by

A

the corpus collosum

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28
Q

how are the two cerebral hemispheres connected from below?

A

by the two cerebral peduncles converging on the brainstem
and by the floor of the third ventricle

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29
Q

what seperates the frontal and temporal lobes

A

the lateral sulcus

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30
Q

what is the only sulcus that runs all the way to the medial surface of the hemisphere

A

the central sulcus

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31
Q

what seperates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

the central sulcus

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32
Q

what is the tip of the temporal lobe called

A

the uncus

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33
Q

where is the uncus found

A

just above the tentorial incisure

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34
Q

what is found on the underside of the frontal lobe

A

the olfactory tract, ending in the olfactory bulb

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35
Q

where is the precentral gyrus found

A

anteriorly to the central sulcus

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36
Q

what is the precentral gyrus also known as

A

the motor cortex

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37
Q

where is the postcentral gyrus found

A

posterior to the central sulcus

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38
Q

what is the post central gyrus also called

A

the somatosensory cortex

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39
Q

where is the superior temporal gyrus found

A

the top of the temporal lobe where it meers the parietal lobe (just past the frontal lobe)

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40
Q

what is the superior tempral gyrus also called

A

the auditory cortex

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41
Q

where is the visual cortex found

A

right at the back of the occipital lobe

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42
Q

leptomeninges

A

arachnoid mater and pia mater

43
Q

what is meningitis

A

rare infection of the leptomeninges

44
Q

how does meningitis occur

A
  • through bloodstream
  • from trauma
  • from the nasal cavity via the cribriform plate
45
Q

symptoms of meningitis

A
  • headache
  • fever
  • nausea
  • photophobia
  • ecchymosis
  • kernig’s sign - marked neck pain when asked to raise one leg in a straight manner
46
Q

meningitis treatment

A

high dose of antibiotics and supportive management

47
Q

cause of extradural haematoma

A
  • major head trauma
  • rupture of middle meningeal artery (or branches) by fracture of skull, normally in pterygoid area
  • blood collects between dura mater and calvaria
48
Q

symptoms of extradural hematoma

A
  • loss of consiousness right after trauma
  • regaining consiousness for a period of hours
  • rapid drowsiness and unconsiousness ensues, whuch can lead to death
49
Q

treatment for extradural hematoma

A

emergency craniotomy to relieve pressure on the brain

50
Q

extradural space purpose

A

a potential space containing meningeal vessels

51
Q

subdural space purpose

A

contains veins connecting cerebral veins to dural venous sinuses

52
Q

subarachnoid space purpose

A

contains cerebral vessels and CSF

53
Q

subpial space

A

nonexistent because the pia adheres to the cortical surface

54
Q

cistern

A

subarachnoid space of the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

55
Q

name the five main cisterns

A
  • cisterna magna
  • interpenducular cistern
  • pontine cistern
  • cistern of lateral sulcus
  • cistern venae magnae cerebri (quadrigeminal cistern)
56
Q

where is the circle of willis contained

A

interpenduncular cistern

57
Q

where is the middle cerebral artery contained

A

cistern of lateral sulcus

58
Q

where is the great cerebral vein of Galen contained

A

cisterna venae magnae cerebri (quadrigeminal cistern)

59
Q

cisterna magna

A
60
Q

interpeduncular cistern

A
61
Q

pontine cistern

A
62
Q

cisterna venae magnae cerebri (quadrigeminal cistern)

A
63
Q

name two fissures

A
  • central fissure
  • lateral fissure
64
Q

central fissure purpose

A

seperates two hemispheres in the midline

65
Q

lateral fissure appearance

A
  • consists of a stem and three rami (anterior horizontal, anterior ascending and posterior)
  • asymmetry between left and right sides
66
Q

central fissure

A
67
Q

lateral fissure

A
68
Q

central sulcus

A
69
Q

precentral sulcus

A
70
Q

postcentral sulcus

A
71
Q

superior and inferior frontal sulci

A
72
Q

superior and inferior temporal sulci

A
73
Q

interparietal suclus

A
74
Q

upper end of the parieto-occipital sulcus

A
75
Q

olfactory sulcus

A
76
Q

collateral sulcus

A
77
Q

orbital sulcus

A
78
Q

rhinal suclus

A
79
Q

occipitotemporal sulcus

A
80
Q

which sulcus is usually H-shaped

A

orbital sulcus

81
Q

precentral gyrus

A
82
Q

superior, middle inferior frontal gyri

A
83
Q

superior, middle inferior temporal gyri

A
84
Q

postcentral gyrus

A
85
Q

superior and inferior parietal lobules

A
86
Q

anglular and supramarginal gyri

A
87
Q

gyrus rectus

A
88
Q

anterior, posterior, medial and lateral orbital gyri

A
89
Q

medial and lateral occipitotemporal gyri

A
90
Q

lingual gyrus

A
91
Q

parahippocampal gyrus

A
92
Q

uncus

A
93
Q

insula

A
  • part of cortex
  • hidden from view by frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
  • exposed by gently pulling back these lobes at anterior part of lateral fissure
94
Q

what divides the lateral aspect of each cerebral hemisphere into lobes

A
  • lateral fissure
  • central sulci
  • parieto-occipital sulci
  • preoccipital notch
95
Q

preoccipital notch

A
96
Q

where is the primary sensory cortex found

A

postcentral gyrus

97
Q

where is the primary motor cortex found

A

precentral gyrus

98
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex found

A

posterior end of superior surface of superior temporal gyrus

99
Q

where is premotor cortex found

A

posterior parts of superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus

100
Q

where is frontal eye field founf

A

towards the posterior end of the middle frontal gyrus

101
Q

where is wernicke’s area founf

A

posterior to primary auditory cortex

102
Q

where is broca’s area found

A

posterior end of the inferior frontal gyrus

103
Q

what is the central fissure also known as

A

the fissure of Rolando

Neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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