Cerebellum

Question 1

where in the skull is the cerebellum located

Answer 1

posterior cranial fossa

Question 2

what type of control does the cerebellum display

Answer 2

ipsilateral

Question 3

longitudinal divisions of the cerebellum

Answer 3

• vermis
• paravernal region
• cerebellar hemispheres

Question 4

transverse divisions of the cerebellum

Answer 4

• anterior lobe
• posterior lobe
• floccunlonodular lobe

Question 5

two main divisons of the cerebellum

Answer 5

• primary fissure
• posterolateral fissure

Question 6

what does the primary fissure divide

Answer 6

anterior and posterior lobes

Question 7

what does the posterolateral fissure divide

Answer 7

the posterior and flocculonodular lobes

Question 8

what does the superior peduncle connect the cerebellum to

Answer 8

superior pons/midbrain

Question 9

what type of projections does the superior peduncle have

Answer 9

efferent (output)

Question 10

what does the middle peduncle connect the cerebellum to

Answer 10

pons

Question 11

what type of projections does the middle peduncle have

Answer 11

afferent (input)

Question 12

what does the inferior peduncle connect the cerebellum to

Answer 12

medulla

Question 13

what type of projections does the inferior peduncle have

Answer 13

both afferent and efferent (input and output)

Question 14

name the four cerebellar nuclei

Answer 14

• dentate
• globose
• emboliform
• fastigial

Question 15

where is the dentate nucleus found

Answer 15

cerbellar hemisphere

Question 16

where is the globose nucleus found

Answer 16

paramedian zone

Question 17

where is the emboliform nucleus found

Answer 17

paramedian zone

Question 18

where is the fastigial nucleus found

Answer 18

vermis

Question 19

two projections to the cerebellum

Answer 19

• cerebral cortex → pons (pontocerebellar tract) → middle cerebellar peduncle → cerebellar cortex
• vestibular nuclei/inferior olives/dorsal nuclei of Clark → inferior cerebellar peduncles → cerebellar cortex

Question 20

two projections from the cerebellum

Answer 20

• cerebellar cortex → fastigial nuclei → inferior cerebellar peduncle → vestibular nuclei
• globose nuclei/emboliform nuclei/dentate nuclei → superior cerebellar peduncle → thalamus → primary motor and premotor cortex

Question 21

three functional divisions of cerebellum

Answer 21

• vestibulocerebellum
• spinocerebellum
• cerebrocerebellum

Question 22

what is the vestibulocerebellum also known as

Answer 22

archicerebellum

Question 23

afferent projections of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 23

• via inferior peduncle from vestibular apparatus and vestibular nuclei
• via middle peduncle from primary visual cortex and superior colliculus

Question 24

efferent projection of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 24

via inferior peduncle to vestibular nuclei

Question 25

functions of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 25

- influences vestibulospinal tracts that control postural muscles - influences the vestibulo-occular reflex - maintains equilibrium

Question 26

what is the spinocerebellum also known as

Answer 26

paleocerebellum

Question 27

afferent projection of spinocerebellum

Answer 27

via inferior peduncle from spinal cord (somatotopic organization)

Question 28

efferent projections of spinocerebellum

Answer 28

- paramedian zone: interposed nuclei → inferior peduncle → red nucleus → thalamus → motor cortex - vermis: fastigial nucleus → superior peduncle → vestibular nuclei/reticular formation/motor cortex

Question 29

functions of spinocerebellum

Answer 29

- paramedian zone: influences lateral muscles (limbs) - vermis: influences axial muscles and facial/tongue muscles - tells CNS about the state of your muscles (proprioception)

Question 30

what is the cerebrocerebellum also known as

Answer 30

neocerebellum

Question 31

afferent projection of cerebrocerebellum

Answer 31

via middle peduncle from cortex and pontine nuclei (ie the corticospinal tract)

Question 32

efferent projections of cerebrocerebellum

Answer 32

Dentate nucleus → superior peduncle → red nucleus → thalamus → motor cortex

Question 33

functions of cerebrocerebellum

Answer 33

- influences corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts to regulate complex movements - influences cerebellum for motor learning - tells cerebellum what cortex is doing or planning to do

Question 34

four causes of cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 34

- physical trauma - interruption of blood supply/stroke - alcoholism (affects Purkinje cells in anterior lobe) - tumours/cancer (degeneration of Purkinje cells)

Question 35

clinical presentation of cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 35

- Dysdiadochokinesia (difficulty carring out rapid, alternating movements) - ataxia - nystamgmus - intention tremour - scanning speech - hypotonia