Blood Supply to Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards
what are the two main arteries that supply blood to the head and neck
subclavian and common carotid
branches of the subclavian artery
vertebral arteries
branches of the common carotid
internal and external
where does the common carotid arise from on the right
the brachiocephalic artery
where does the common carotid arise from on the left side
the arch of the aorta
what does the internal carotid artery supply
forebrain except for occipital lobe
what does the external carotid artery supply
face, scalp, skull and meninges
vertebral arteries pathway
- Transverse foramen of upper six cervical vertebrae → transverse foramen of atlas → articular process of atlas → beneath atlanto-occipital ligament → foramen magnum → unite at caudal border of pons to form basilar artery of mid medulla
- The vertebrobasilar system unites with the anterior and middle cerebral arteries of the internal carotid to form the circle of willis
branches of internal carotid
- anterior cerebral
- middle cerebral
- posterior cerebral
branches of anterior cerebral artery
- cortical
- deep
what does the cortical branch of the anterior cerebral artery supply
motor and sensory cortices for lower limbs
what do the deep branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply
- rostrum of corpus callosum
- putamen
- head of caudate and internal capsule via medial striate artery
3 segments of the anterior cerebral artery
- A1 - Internal carotid artery to anterior communicating artery
- A2 - anterior communicating artery to Callosomarginal Artery
- A3 - The Callosomarginal Artery and Pericallosal Artery which anastomose with posterior cerebral arteries
four segments of middle cerebral artery
- M1 - internal carotid artery to bifurcation – sphenoidal ligament
- M2 – Lateral or insular (Sylvian Fissure)
- M3 – Outside lateral fissure
- M4 – Cortical segments
branches of middle cerebral artery
cortical and deep
what do the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery supply
motor and sensory cortices of the whole body except for lower limbs, auditory zone and insula
where do the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery arise from
M1 segment
what do the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery supply
lateral striate, or lenticulostriate supply the external capsule, lentiform nucleus and caudate
three main arteries related to posterior circulation
- posterior cerebral (terminal branch of basilar)
- basilar
- vertebral
two branches of posterior cerebral artery
cortical and central
what do the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply
- temporal cortex
- parietal cortex
- occipital cortex
- visual areas and structure of visual pathway
what do the central branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply
- thalamus
- subthalamus
- ventricles/choroid plexus
- globus pallidus
- pineal gland
branches of the basilar artery
- pontine branches
- superior cerebellar artery
- anterior posterior inferior cerebellar artery
what does the superior cerebellar artery supply
pons, pineal body, medulla and 3rd ventricle
what is labyrinthine A
artery that arises from superior cerebellar and supplies the middle ear
what does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply
lower cerebellum
branches of vertebral arteries
- meningeal branches
- posterior inferior cerebellar
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply
- frontal lobe
- prefrontal lobe
- supplementary motor cortex
- parts of primary motor cortex
- parts of primary sensory cortex
what does damage to anterior cerebral artery cause
issues with:
- voluntary movement
- thought processes
- personality
what does the middle cerebral artery supply
- parts of frontal love
- lateral surface of temporal lobe
- lateral surface of parietal lobe
- areas of face, throat, hand, arm
- wernicke’s and broca’s areas
what does damage to the middle cerebral artery cause
- face and arm weakness
- broca’s aphasia
- wernicke’s aphasia
what does the posterior cerebral artery supply
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
what does damage to posterior cerebral artery cause
- vision loss
- hearing issues
what do the vertebrobasilar arteries supply
- brainstem
- cerebellum
- occipital cortex
- thalamus
what does damage to vertebrobasilar arteries cause
- quadrilpegia
- hemipegia
- ataxia dysphasia
- dysarthria
- vision issues
which have greater variability in location, veins or arteries?
veins
two divisions of venous drainage from head
- external jugular veins
- internal jugular veins
where are external jugular veins found
lie external to sternocleidomastoid
where do external jugular veins drain from
outside skull and deep face
where are internal jugular veins found
descend within carotid sheath
where do internal jugular veins drain blood from
head, brain, face and neck
internal/extenal jugular veins drainage pathway
internal/external jugular veins → (drain to) subclavian veins → (form) brachiocephalic vein → (enters) superior vena cava
where are sinuses found
between layers of meningeal and endosteal dura
where do sinuses recieve blood from
superficial and deep veins of the brain
sinuses function
drain CSF from subarachnoid space
where do sinuses drain into
internal jugular vein
which sinuses do the superficial cerebral veins supply
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
what do the superficial cerebral veins drain
drain superficial surfaces of both cerebral hemispheres and cortex
what sinuses do the deep cerebral veins supply
- transverse sinus
- straight sinus
- sigmoid sinus
what are the deep cerebral veins
- basal vein of rosenthal
- internal cerebral veins
- great vein of galen
what do the deep cerebral veins drain
deeper parts of hemispheres, basal nuclei, internal capsule, diencephalon and choroid plexus
three main arterial sources for the spinal cord
- anterior spinal artery (branch of vertebral artery)
- posterior spinal arteries
- branches of segmental arteries
where does the anterior spinal artery enter the cord
via median fissure
what part of the spinal cord does the anterior spinal artery supply
ventral 2/3
what part of the spinal cord do they posterior spinal arteries supply
dorsal 1/3
how do the branches of the segmental arteries enter the spinal cord
travel in with spinal roots
what are the branches of the segmental arteries
- cervical arteries
- intercostal arteries
- lumbar arteries
- sacral arteries
where do the spinal veins drain into
internal venous plexus
two other names for the internal vertebral veous plexus
vertebral canal or epidural space
where do the spinal veins end
in the inferior cerebellar veins or in the inferior petrosal sinuses
1
ophthalmic artery
2
anterior choroid artery
3
posterior communicating artery
4
posterior choroid artery
5
superior cerebellar arteries
6
vertebral artery
7
posterior spinal artery
8
anterior spinal artery
9
anterior communicating artery
10
anterior cerebral artery
11
middle cerebral artery
12
internal carotid artery
13
posterior cerebral artery
14
basilar artery
15
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
