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Neuroanatomy > Blood Supply to Brain and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Blood Supply to Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main arteries that supply blood to the head and neck

A

subclavian and common carotid

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2
Q

branches of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral arteries

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3
Q

branches of the common carotid

A

internal and external

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4
Q

where does the common carotid arise from on the right

A

the brachiocephalic artery

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5
Q

where does the common carotid arise from on the left side

A

the arch of the aorta

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6
Q

what does the internal carotid artery supply

A

forebrain except for occipital lobe

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7
Q

what does the external carotid artery supply

A

face, scalp, skull and meninges

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8
Q

vertebral arteries pathway

A
  • Transverse foramen of upper six cervical vertebrae → transverse foramen of atlas → articular process of atlas → beneath atlanto-occipital ligament → foramen magnum → unite at caudal border of pons to form basilar artery of mid medulla
  • The vertebrobasilar system unites with the anterior and middle cerebral arteries of the internal carotid to form the circle of willis
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9
Q

branches of internal carotid

A
  • anterior cerebral
  • middle cerebral
  • posterior cerebral
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10
Q

branches of anterior cerebral artery

A
  • cortical
  • deep
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11
Q

what does the cortical branch of the anterior cerebral artery supply

A

motor and sensory cortices for lower limbs

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12
Q

what do the deep branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply

A
  • rostrum of corpus callosum
  • putamen
  • head of caudate and internal capsule via medial striate artery
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13
Q

3 segments of the anterior cerebral artery

A
  • A1 - Internal carotid artery to anterior communicating artery
  • A2 - anterior communicating artery to Callosomarginal Artery
  • A3 - The Callosomarginal Artery and Pericallosal Artery which anastomose with posterior cerebral arteries
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14
Q

four segments of middle cerebral artery

A
  • M1 - internal carotid artery to bifurcation – sphenoidal ligament
  • M2 – Lateral or insular (Sylvian Fissure)
  • M3 – Outside lateral fissure
  • M4 – Cortical segments
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15
Q

branches of middle cerebral artery

A

cortical and deep

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16
Q

what do the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery supply

A

motor and sensory cortices of the whole body except for lower limbs, auditory zone and insula

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17
Q

where do the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery arise from

A

M1 segment

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18
Q

what do the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery supply

A

lateral striate, or lenticulostriate supply the external capsule, lentiform nucleus and caudate

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19
Q

three main arteries related to posterior circulation

A
  • posterior cerebral (terminal branch of basilar)
  • basilar
  • vertebral
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20
Q

two branches of posterior cerebral artery

A

cortical and central

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21
Q

what do the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply

A
  • temporal cortex
  • parietal cortex
  • occipital cortex
  • visual areas and structure of visual pathway
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22
Q

what do the central branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply

A
  • thalamus
  • subthalamus
  • ventricles/choroid plexus
  • globus pallidus
  • pineal gland
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23
Q

branches of the basilar artery

A
  • pontine branches
  • superior cerebellar artery
  • anterior posterior inferior cerebellar artery
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24
Q

what does the superior cerebellar artery supply

A

pons, pineal body, medulla and 3rd ventricle

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25
Q

what is labyrinthine A

A

artery that arises from superior cerebellar and supplies the middle ear

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26
Q

what does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

A

lower cerebellum

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27
Q

branches of vertebral arteries

A
  • meningeal branches
  • posterior inferior cerebellar
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28
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply

A
  • frontal lobe
  • prefrontal lobe
  • supplementary motor cortex
  • parts of primary motor cortex
  • parts of primary sensory cortex
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29
Q

what does damage to anterior cerebral artery cause

A

issues with:
- voluntary movement
- thought processes
- personality

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30
Q

what does the middle cerebral artery supply

A
  • parts of frontal love
  • lateral surface of temporal lobe
  • lateral surface of parietal lobe
  • areas of face, throat, hand, arm
  • wernicke’s and broca’s areas
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31
Q

what does damage to the middle cerebral artery cause

A
  • face and arm weakness
  • broca’s aphasia
  • wernicke’s aphasia
32
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply

A
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
33
Q

what does damage to posterior cerebral artery cause

A
  • vision loss
  • hearing issues
34
Q

what do the vertebrobasilar arteries supply

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • occipital cortex
  • thalamus
35
Q

what does damage to vertebrobasilar arteries cause

A
  • quadrilpegia
  • hemipegia
  • ataxia dysphasia
  • dysarthria
  • vision issues
36
Q

which have greater variability in location, veins or arteries?

A

veins

37
Q

two divisions of venous drainage from head

A
  • external jugular veins
  • internal jugular veins
38
Q

where are external jugular veins found

A

lie external to sternocleidomastoid

39
Q

where do external jugular veins drain from

A

outside skull and deep face

40
Q

where are internal jugular veins found

A

descend within carotid sheath

41
Q

where do internal jugular veins drain blood from

A

head, brain, face and neck

42
Q

internal/extenal jugular veins drainage pathway

A

internal/external jugular veins → (drain to) subclavian veins → (form) brachiocephalic vein → (enters) superior vena cava

43
Q

where are sinuses found

A

between layers of meningeal and endosteal dura

44
Q

where do sinuses recieve blood from

A

superficial and deep veins of the brain

45
Q

sinuses function

A

drain CSF from subarachnoid space

46
Q

where do sinuses drain into

A

internal jugular vein

47
Q

which sinuses do the superficial cerebral veins supply

A

superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

48
Q

what do the superficial cerebral veins drain

A

drain superficial surfaces of both cerebral hemispheres and cortex

49
Q

what sinuses do the deep cerebral veins supply

A
  • transverse sinus
  • straight sinus
  • sigmoid sinus
50
Q

what are the deep cerebral veins

A
  • basal vein of rosenthal
  • internal cerebral veins
  • great vein of galen
51
Q

what do the deep cerebral veins drain

A

deeper parts of hemispheres, basal nuclei, internal capsule, diencephalon and choroid plexus

52
Q

three main arterial sources for the spinal cord

A
  • anterior spinal artery (branch of vertebral artery)
  • posterior spinal arteries
  • branches of segmental arteries
53
Q

where does the anterior spinal artery enter the cord

A

via median fissure

54
Q

what part of the spinal cord does the anterior spinal artery supply

A

ventral 2/3

55
Q

what part of the spinal cord do they posterior spinal arteries supply

A

dorsal 1/3

56
Q

how do the branches of the segmental arteries enter the spinal cord

A

travel in with spinal roots

57
Q

what are the branches of the segmental arteries

A
  • cervical arteries
  • intercostal arteries
  • lumbar arteries
  • sacral arteries
58
Q

where do the spinal veins drain into

A

internal venous plexus

59
Q

two other names for the internal vertebral veous plexus

A

vertebral canal or epidural space

60
Q

where do the spinal veins end

A

in the inferior cerebellar veins or in the inferior petrosal sinuses

61
Q

1

A

ophthalmic artery

62
Q

2

A

anterior choroid artery

63
Q

3

A

posterior communicating artery

64
Q

4

A

posterior choroid artery

65
Q

5

A

superior cerebellar arteries

66
Q

6

A

vertebral artery

67
Q

7

A

posterior spinal artery

68
Q

8

A

anterior spinal artery

69
Q

9

A

anterior communicating artery

70
Q

10

A

anterior cerebral artery

71
Q

11

A

middle cerebral artery

72
Q

12

A

internal carotid artery

73
Q

13

A

posterior cerebral artery

74
Q

14

A

basilar artery

75
Q

15

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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