Test D-F Flashcards
methods of transmission
staff
patient
equipment
when is bipolar ESU used?
brain and nerve surgery
Parasitism
One organism benefits and the host is harmed
Commensalism
One organism benefits, and the other neither benefits or is harmed
homologous
someone elses blood
how does oxycel come?
POWDER or gauze
plasma
liquid portion of blood
how can microorganisms be beneficial to humans?
they are used in the production in some food products
thermal hemostasis
application of heat or cold to control blood loss
aerobic
needs oxygen
electrosurgery
current used to cut tissue and coagulate bleeding
styptics
causes vasoconstriction
bacteria
has the ability to form spores
what is E. Coli?
resident flora of the intestinal tract
how long does topical thrombin last?
about 2 hours
autologous
pts own blood
what does the body do for homostasis?
tries to achieve it on its own
is bone wax absorbable?
no
What is the smallest microorganism?
Virus
common vehicle spread
blood products
IV, transfusion, needles, tubes, tape
how much of blood is water?
91%
ligaclips
used for occluding vessels SMALL
ligatures
suture tied around vessel to occlude lumen
why are ligating clips used?
to save time, instead of using sutures
how does bacteria reproduce?
binary fission
electrode site placement
vascularized muscle mass, clean and dry, no hair
avoid bony, irregular
go away from other equipment
spirilla
curve, spiral shape
helistat
used to control moderate bleeding of highly vascular organs
what is dead space?
where the bacteria grows
necrotizing streptococcus A
proliferation and growth of any microorganism or virus in any area of the body
leukocytes
fight infection
what can thermal hemostasis contribute to?
higher post op wound infection
how do you use helistat?
use dry
how do you use bone wax?
warm in between your hands
hypothermia
reduction of body temperate for 78 degrees
what is a natural defense mechanism of the body when injured?
clotting
acquired factors for hemostasis
liver diseases
heparin
aspirin
anemia
is bacteria living or nonliving?
living
what is the third most common cause of SSI?
E. coli
when is hypothermia used?
heart
brain
liver
cocci
round shape
are viruses living or nonliving?
nonliving
ESU safety factors
lowest setting place grounding pad over large muscle keep pencil tip clean don't place over metal implants secure connection
direct contact
oral/fecal through a fomite
person to person
indirect contact
contaminated instruments
air, water, food
multiplication of organism in the tissues of the host
infection
cutting current
destroys tissue as it moves along line of incision
what prolongs local anesthetics?
epinephrine
association between hand washing and decrease in pus infection
Ignaz Semmelweis 1850
erythrocytes
transport oxygen
why may someone decline blood?
religious beliefs
monopolar ESU
has an active electrode, and inactive
Lister
principles of asepsis
occlude vessel
no blood can pump through
what is topical thrombin made out of
beef blood
coagulation current
sears end of small vessels to form clot
recothrom
produced through recombination of DNA
airborne spread
droplets
coughing, talking
homophilia
when you are missing one of the 12 factors for clotting
hemostatic process
vessel injured platelets adhere platelet plug releases contents thrombus clotting factors become more stable permanent thrombus clot forms
virulence
disease producing capacity
how do you use gelfoam?
moist, press to remove air
when is bone wax used?
neuro and ortho
who invented electrosurgery?
W. T Bovie in 1920
cryosurgery
freezing
when is silver nitrate used?
nosebleeds
warts
granulation tissue
nosocomial
infection that develops while a patient is in a health care facility
what is another name for microorganisms?
microbes
bone wax
used on oozing bones
germ theory
Louis Pasteur 1861
vector
disease causing agent
laser
cut, coagulate, or vaporize tissue
what does the CN do about blood loss?
weighs sponges
record on OR record
inactive electrode ESU
grounding pad, provide return of current from tissue back to ESU
bipolar ESU
one side of forceps active, other is inactive
what is the most common cause of SSI?
staphylococcus aureus
eschar
slough of tissue produced by thermal burn
what does pathogens equal?
infection
cell saver
collect
rinse and filter
anticoagulate
what do you need to do when applying tourniquets?
pad area
record time
when should you not use oxycel?
not on bone, interferes with bone regeneration
is topical thrombin injected?
NEVER
anaerobic
Doesn’t need oxygen
what does autotransfusion eliminate?
incompatibility or disease transmission
bacillus
rod shape
anastomosis
reattaching vessels
how does body react to bone wax?
asks like it is a foreign object, so use sparingly
what does the ST do about blood loss?
tracks amount of irrigation used, subtracted from volume in canister
what is the goal of surgical hemostasis?
conserve body’s total blood volume
what does a virus do?
invades the host cell
what is done for a patient having an anticipated surgery?
they will draw blood weeks prior and store in blood bank
what are factors that increase SSI?
age obesity general health infection already preexisting illness preop hospitalization
when was the microscope invented?
1677
what is a pathogen?
causes infection
who invested the microscope?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
indigenous microflora
microbes that live on the skin and inside the human body
active electrode ESU
place on tissue by surgeon, activated by hand or foot
is E. Coli always bad
no, it can be good sometimes
what is another name for indigenous microflora?
opportunistic pathogens
platelets
blood clotting
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit from and depend on one another
how do you use oxycel?
dry
topical thrombin
powder mixed with saline, or can just be poured on location
what may bacteria be classified as?
anaerobic and aerobic
tourniquets
gives surgeon bloodless field
ligasure vessel sealing system
seals tissue bundles without dissection and isolation
HAI
healthcare associated infections
diathermy
used to repair detached retina
what does avitene do?
causes fibrin formation and clotting
when is gelfoam used?
spine surgery
what is a microorganism?
tiny life form invisible to the naked eye, they can be beneficial or disease producing
autotransfusion
reinfusion of blood from patients own circulation
what is the purpose of monitoring blood loss?
aid surgeon and anesthesia provider regarding patient status/need for replacement
what does styptics do?
reduces bleeding by contraction of blood vessels
when does gelfoam absorb?
20-40 days
silver nitrate
stick that looks like a large match, and place on lesion
how is avitene applied?
on dry, then press dry sponge on top and apply pressure
Fomites
inanimate objects that carry disease
what does hemostasis mean?
blood
stopping
epinephrine
decreases bleeding
hemostatic clamps
used to occlude vessels
Kelly and Pean
when is chemical hemostasis used?
when mechanical or thermal methods don’t work
how much blood can gelfoam hold?
up to 45 times its weight
mechanical hemostasis
used in the presence of major bleeding to occlude vessels
EBL
estimated blood loss
The resistance electrons receive that causes heat
Impedance
how many factors are necessary for clotting?
12
