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ST > Test D-F > Flashcards

Test D-F Flashcards

1
Q

methods of transmission

A

staff
patient
equipment

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2
Q

when is bipolar ESU used?

A

brain and nerve surgery

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3
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefits and the host is harmed

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4
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits, and the other neither benefits or is harmed

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5
Q

homologous

A

someone elses blood

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6
Q

how does oxycel come?

A

POWDER or gauze

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7
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood

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8
Q

how can microorganisms be beneficial to humans?

A

they are used in the production in some food products

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9
Q

thermal hemostasis

A

application of heat or cold to control blood loss

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10
Q

aerobic

A

needs oxygen

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11
Q

electrosurgery

A

current used to cut tissue and coagulate bleeding

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12
Q

styptics

A

causes vasoconstriction

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13
Q

bacteria

A

has the ability to form spores

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14
Q

what is E. Coli?

A

resident flora of the intestinal tract

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15
Q

how long does topical thrombin last?

A

about 2 hours

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16
Q

autologous

A

pts own blood

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17
Q

what does the body do for homostasis?

A

tries to achieve it on its own

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18
Q

is bone wax absorbable?

A

no

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19
Q

What is the smallest microorganism?

A

Virus

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20
Q

common vehicle spread

A

blood products

IV, transfusion, needles, tubes, tape

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21
Q

how much of blood is water?

A

91%

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22
Q

ligaclips

A

used for occluding vessels SMALL

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23
Q

ligatures

A

suture tied around vessel to occlude lumen

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24
Q

why are ligating clips used?

A

to save time, instead of using sutures

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25
Q

how does bacteria reproduce?

A

binary fission

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26
Q

electrode site placement

A

vascularized muscle mass, clean and dry, no hair
avoid bony, irregular
go away from other equipment

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27
Q

spirilla

A

curve, spiral shape

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28
Q

helistat

A

used to control moderate bleeding of highly vascular organs

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29
Q

what is dead space?

A

where the bacteria grows

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30
Q

necrotizing streptococcus A

A

proliferation and growth of any microorganism or virus in any area of the body

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31
Q

leukocytes

A

fight infection

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32
Q

what can thermal hemostasis contribute to?

A

higher post op wound infection

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33
Q

how do you use helistat?

A

use dry

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34
Q

how do you use bone wax?

A

warm in between your hands

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35
Q

hypothermia

A

reduction of body temperate for 78 degrees

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36
Q

what is a natural defense mechanism of the body when injured?

A

clotting

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37
Q

acquired factors for hemostasis

A

liver diseases
heparin
aspirin
anemia

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38
Q

is bacteria living or nonliving?

A

living

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39
Q

what is the third most common cause of SSI?

A

E. coli

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40
Q

when is hypothermia used?

A

heart
brain
liver

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41
Q

cocci

A

round shape

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42
Q

are viruses living or nonliving?

A

nonliving

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43
Q

ESU safety factors

A 
lowest setting
place grounding pad over large muscle
keep pencil tip clean
don't place over metal implants
secure connection
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44
Q

direct contact

A

oral/fecal through a fomite

person to person

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45
Q

indirect contact

A

contaminated instruments

air, water, food

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46
Q

multiplication of organism in the tissues of the host

A

infection

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47
Q

cutting current

A

destroys tissue as it moves along line of incision

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48
Q

what prolongs local anesthetics?

A

epinephrine

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49
Q

association between hand washing and decrease in pus infection

A

Ignaz Semmelweis 1850

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50
Q

erythrocytes

A

transport oxygen

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51
Q

why may someone decline blood?

A

religious beliefs

52
Q

monopolar ESU

A

has an active electrode, and inactive

53
Q

Lister

A

principles of asepsis

54
Q

occlude vessel

A

no blood can pump through

55
Q

what is topical thrombin made out of

A

beef blood

56
Q

coagulation current

A

sears end of small vessels to form clot

57
Q

recothrom

A

produced through recombination of DNA

58
Q

airborne spread

A

droplets

coughing, talking

59
Q

homophilia

A

when you are missing one of the 12 factors for clotting

60
Q

hemostatic process

A 
vessel injured
platelets adhere
platelet plug releases contents
thrombus
clotting factors become more stable
permanent thrombus
clot forms
61
Q

virulence

A

disease producing capacity

62
Q

how do you use gelfoam?

A

moist, press to remove air

63
Q

when is bone wax used?

A

neuro and ortho

64
Q

who invented electrosurgery?

A

W. T Bovie in 1920

65
Q

cryosurgery

A

freezing

66
Q

when is silver nitrate used?

A

nosebleeds
warts
granulation tissue

67
Q

nosocomial

A

infection that develops while a patient is in a health care facility

68
Q

what is another name for microorganisms?

A

microbes

69
Q

bone wax

A

used on oozing bones

70
Q

germ theory

A

Louis Pasteur 1861

71
Q

vector

A

disease causing agent

72
Q

laser

A

cut, coagulate, or vaporize tissue

73
Q

what does the CN do about blood loss?

A

weighs sponges

record on OR record

74
Q

inactive electrode ESU

A

grounding pad, provide return of current from tissue back to ESU

75
Q

bipolar ESU

A

one side of forceps active, other is inactive

76
Q

what is the most common cause of SSI?

A

staphylococcus aureus

77
Q

eschar

A

slough of tissue produced by thermal burn

78
Q

what does pathogens equal?

A

infection

79
Q

cell saver

A

collect
rinse and filter
anticoagulate

80
Q

what do you need to do when applying tourniquets?

A

pad area

record time

81
Q

when should you not use oxycel?

A

not on bone, interferes with bone regeneration

82
Q

is topical thrombin injected?

A

NEVER

83
Q

anaerobic

A

Doesn’t need oxygen

84
Q

what does autotransfusion eliminate?

A

incompatibility or disease transmission

85
Q

bacillus

A

rod shape

86
Q

anastomosis

A

reattaching vessels

87
Q

how does body react to bone wax?

A

asks like it is a foreign object, so use sparingly

88
Q

what does the ST do about blood loss?

A

tracks amount of irrigation used, subtracted from volume in canister

89
Q

what is the goal of surgical hemostasis?

A

conserve body’s total blood volume

90
Q

what does a virus do?

A

invades the host cell

91
Q

what is done for a patient having an anticipated surgery?

A

they will draw blood weeks prior and store in blood bank

92
Q

what are factors that increase SSI?

A 
age
obesity
general health
infection already 
preexisting illness
preop hospitalization
93
Q

when was the microscope invented?

A

1677

94
Q

what is a pathogen?

A

causes infection

95
Q

who invested the microscope?

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

96
Q

indigenous microflora

A

microbes that live on the skin and inside the human body

97
Q

active electrode ESU

A

place on tissue by surgeon, activated by hand or foot

98
Q

is E. Coli always bad

A

no, it can be good sometimes

99
Q

what is another name for indigenous microflora?

A

opportunistic pathogens

100
Q

platelets

A

blood clotting

101
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit from and depend on one another

102
Q

how do you use oxycel?

A

dry

103
Q

topical thrombin

A

powder mixed with saline, or can just be poured on location

104
Q

what may bacteria be classified as?

A

anaerobic and aerobic

105
Q

tourniquets

A

gives surgeon bloodless field

106
Q

ligasure vessel sealing system

A

seals tissue bundles without dissection and isolation

107
Q

HAI

A

healthcare associated infections

108
Q

diathermy

A

used to repair detached retina

109
Q

what does avitene do?

A

causes fibrin formation and clotting

110
Q

when is gelfoam used?

A

spine surgery

111
Q

what is a microorganism?

A

tiny life form invisible to the naked eye, they can be beneficial or disease producing

112
Q

autotransfusion

A

reinfusion of blood from patients own circulation

113
Q

what is the purpose of monitoring blood loss?

A

aid surgeon and anesthesia provider regarding patient status/need for replacement

114
Q

what does styptics do?

A

reduces bleeding by contraction of blood vessels

115
Q

when does gelfoam absorb?

A

20-40 days

116
Q

silver nitrate

A

stick that looks like a large match, and place on lesion

117
Q

how is avitene applied?

A

on dry, then press dry sponge on top and apply pressure

118
Q

Fomites

A

inanimate objects that carry disease

119
Q

what does hemostasis mean?

A

blood

stopping

120
Q

epinephrine

A

decreases bleeding

121
Q

hemostatic clamps

A

used to occlude vessels

Kelly and Pean

122
Q

when is chemical hemostasis used?

A

when mechanical or thermal methods don’t work

123
Q

how much blood can gelfoam hold?

A

up to 45 times its weight

124
Q

mechanical hemostasis

A

used in the presence of major bleeding to occlude vessels

125
Q

EBL

A

estimated blood loss

126
Q

The resistance electrons receive that causes heat

A

Impedance

127
Q

how many factors are necessary for clotting?

A

12

ST (35 decks)

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