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GU test Flashcards

1
Q

microscopic unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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2
Q

main artery leading into the kidney

A

renal

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3
Q

the renal artery is a direct branch off what major vesel?

A

aorta

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4
Q

3 of the layers that enclose the kidney

A

true capsule, renal fascia, peri renal fat

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5
Q

funnel shape uppermost end of the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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6
Q

two structures that compose the kidney pedicle

A

renal artery

renal vein

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7
Q

what space are the kidneys located in?

A

retroperitoneal space, between periotenum and back muscle

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8
Q

concave notch in the kidney through which the ureter, arteries and veins enter and exit

A

hilum notch

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9
Q

small triangular area near the mouth of the bladder, located between the ureteral orifice and urethra

A

trigone

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10
Q

largest metabolic waste constituent of urine?

A

urea

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11
Q

mucosal folds of the inner bladder

A

rugae

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12
Q

what what do the renal pyramids make up?

A

renal medulla

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13
Q

20-30cc of radiopaque dye is injected IV and time is noted when excretion begins from the kidneys

A

IV pyelogram or IV urogram

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14
Q

flat plate xray of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, demonstrating their size, shape, and location in relation to other pelvic organs

A

KUB

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15
Q

injection of radiopaque dye through a cystoscope using a ureteral catheter. Dye enters the ureters with back flow into the kidneys. done during a cystoscope

A

retrograde pyelogram

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16
Q

type of catheter whose primary function is to dilate narrow strictures of the urethra

A

filiforms and followers

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17
Q

BPH

A

benign prostate hyperplasia

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18
Q

is BPH a cancerous, malignant enlargement of the prostate?

A

no, false

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19
Q

what is hooked to the telescope?

A

light cord

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20
Q

what is hooked to the sheath?

A

irrigation

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21
Q

what is hooked to the working element?

A

bovie

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22
Q

irrigation tubing used in the cysto room that has 1 port

A

cysto tubing

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23
Q

irrigation tubing which has 2 ports, allowing 2 bags of fluid to be hung at 1 time

A

TUR tubing

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24
Q

alcohol, a bacteriostatic agent, is used for cleaning a cystoscope?

A

false

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25
Q

used to dilate the male urethra

A

van buren sounds

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26
Q

used to dilate female urethra

A

otis bougie

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27
Q

3 features a cysto table has that a regular OR table don’t have

A

wider, directly attached to xray, drainage pan attached

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28
Q

6 items you would find on a cysto set up?

A

lube, nipple, syringe, kelly, light cord, camera

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29
Q

sterile, isotonic, non hemolytic solution used during a TURP

A

sorbitol

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30
Q

where are the kidenys located?

A

under the dome of the diaphragm

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31
Q

are the kidneys located in the abd cavity?

A

NO

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32
Q

true capsule

A

smooth, transparent fibrous membrane INNERMOST LAYER

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33
Q

renal fascia

A

anchors kidney to surrounding structure- helps maintain position MIDDLE LAYER

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34
Q

peri renal fat

A

adipose tissue which acts as a cushion OUTERMOST LAYER

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35
Q

2 layers of kidneys

A

cortex, medulla

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36
Q

cortex of the kidney

A

outer layer

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37
Q

medulla of the kidney

A

inner layer, contains 8*12 renal pyramids

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38
Q

hilum notch

A

place where renal artery enters kidney and renal vein and ureter leave

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39
Q

renal calyces(calyx)

A

collect urine from renal pyramids

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40
Q

what does the renal vein drain directly into?

A

vena cava

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41
Q

what happens to the kidney pedicle during nephrectomy?

A

double clamped with pedicle clamp

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42
Q

what type of organ is the kdiney?

A

highly vascular

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43
Q

ureters

A

connect kidney to the bladder, peristalsis

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44
Q

space of retzius

A

area of tissue between symphsis pubis and bladder

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45
Q

urethra

A

transports urine out of body

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46
Q

functions of the urinary system

A

secretes unwanted waste, produces urea

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47
Q

urea

A

largest waste constituent of urine

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48
Q

where does urine formation take place?

A

nephrons

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49
Q

how much of urine is water?

A

95

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50
Q

GU surgeries male/females

A

male- reproductive and urinary tract

female-urinary tract ONLY

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51
Q

problems treated by urologist

A

incontinence, stones, tumors, cancer

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52
Q

open GU surgeries

A

performed in an OR room, involves incision

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53
Q

closed GU surgeries

A

performed in a cysto room, uses a scope

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54
Q

urinalysis

A

done prior to surgery, provides valuable info regarding function and health of urinary system

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55
Q

what does urinalysis measure?

A

cells, protein, sugar, clarity, specific gravity, pH

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56
Q

what is normally not in urine?

A

protein, sugar

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57
Q

creatinine level

A

most reliable indicator of renal diease

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58
Q

uric acid level

A

measures kidneys ability to excrete metabolic products

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59
Q

first study done when examining urinary tract?

A

KUB

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60
Q

urodynamic studies

A

measures urine flow rate, vlume, pressures, electrical activity of sphincter muscles

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61
Q

babcocks

A

graps ureters

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62
Q

russian TF

A

grasp calculi

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63
Q

ptts smith

A

incise ureter

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64
Q

knife for incising ureter

A

7 with #11 or #15 blade

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65
Q

suture using for GU procedures

A

chromic or vicrly SH q

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66
Q

what type of suture is never used on GU procedures?

A

non absorbable, provides as nucleus for stone formation

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67
Q

difference between urethral catheters and ureteral catheters?

A

urethral is larger

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68
Q

ureteral catheters

A

perform a retrograde pyelogram

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69
Q

j stent

A

flexible, placed using a guide wire, used to keep ureteral lumen open

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70
Q

irrigation during closed GU procedure

A

continuous irrigation, distends bladder wall

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71
Q

sterile water

A

cysto, retrograde pyelogram

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72
Q

sterile saline

A

cysto, retrograde pyelogram, bladder stone removal

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73
Q

when should sterile saline not be used?

A

with electrocautery

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74
Q

evacuators

A

irrigate bladder, aspirate stone fragments

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75
Q

iglesias

A

spring action-operates with 1 hand

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76
Q

mccarthy

A

need both hands to operate

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77
Q

electrodes

A

attach to resectoscope

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78
Q

how should the scopes never be cleaned?

A

by flash or autoclave

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79
Q

how many times should scopes be rinsed?

A

3 times with sterile water before used on patient

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80
Q

ST duty during cysto

A

watch irrigation level along with the nurse don’t let it ever run out

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81
Q

what should you do with the ports before sterilizing?

A

open all of the ports

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82
Q

what is a cysto?

A

visualization of the urethra, bladder neck/bladder, ureteral orifices, prostate in males

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83
Q

what can a cysto diagnosis?

A

stones, tumors

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84
Q

stones

A

composed of minerals and salts

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85
Q

staghorn stone

A

jagged edges

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86
Q

bladder stones

A

can be a size of an orange

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87
Q

symptoms of renal colic

A

intermittent intense pain

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88
Q

hydronephrosis symptoms

A

dull constant pain

89
Q

predisposing factors of stones

A

kidney infections, urinary stasis

90
Q

procedures to remove stones invasive

A

nephrolithotomy, ureterolithotomy

91
Q

what should never be placed on a stone?

A

formalin since stone will dissolve

92
Q

nephrectomy

A

removal of a kidney

93
Q

pathology for nephrectomy

A

renal tumors, hydronephrosis, nephrosclerosis

94
Q

radical nephrecomty

A

done for cancer

95
Q

hemi nephrectomy

A

portion of kidney is removed

96
Q

nephroureterectomy

A

removal of kiney and its’ entire ureter

97
Q

lap nephrectomy

A

done for benign disease or living donor transplant

98
Q

pyeloplasty

A

revision or plastic reconstruction of the renal pelvis

99
Q

nephrostomy

A

catheter is placed into renal pelvis for temporary urinary diversion to outside of body

100
Q

kidney dialysis

A

done for acute renal failure due to end stage renal diease

101
Q

hemodialysis

A

use of an artifical kidney machine to cleans blood

102
Q

AV shunt fistula

A

radial arty and cephalic vein

103
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

permanent soft catheter placed into peritoneal cavity for dialysis

104
Q

kidney transplant

A

performed for end stage renal disease, pt is being kept alive by dialysis

105
Q

is the kidney always removed when a new one is placed?

A

no unless it has cancer

106
Q

where is the donor kidney transplanted?

A

iliac fossa

107
Q

major post op problem after transplant?

A

rjection

108
Q

hyperacute rejection

A

during surgery

109
Q

acute rejection

A

first few months

110
Q

chronic rejection

A

may occur years after transplant

111
Q

what must the patient stay on after transplant?

A

immunosuppressive drugs for their lifetime, cyclosporine

112
Q

reimplantation of ureter

A

indicated in children with high grade VUR

113
Q

adrenal gland

A

releasing hormones in response to stress

114
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

tumor which produces high bp

115
Q

adrenalectomy

A

partial or total removal of one or both adrenal glands

116
Q

positioning supplies for later position

A

tape, bean bag, pillow, axillary rolls

117
Q

instrument used to strip the periosteum from the ribs during a nephrectomy

A

doyen rib raspatory

118
Q

most common incision used for a nephrectomy

A

flank

119
Q

suture used to repair kidney, ureter or bladder

A

chromic or vicryl

120
Q

instrument used to remove a stone lodged in one of the renal calyces

A

randall stone forceps

121
Q

legs during lateral position

A

top: straight
bottom: bent

122
Q

procedure in which shock waves are used to fragment urological stones

A

shock wave lithotripsy

123
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

incision of the renal pelvis of a kidney for removal of kidney stone

124
Q

foley YV plasty

A

to create proper shape, for urinary drainage

125
Q

2 kidney pedicle clamps which could be used to clamp the renal artery and vein during nephrectomy

A

herrick, satinsky

126
Q

2 groups of pelvic lymph nodes that are removed during a radical retropubic prostatectomy and sent to pathology for analysis

A

external iliac, obturator, hypogastric

127
Q

diagnostic procedure performed for patient’s with possible prostate cancer

A

prostate biopsy

128
Q

blood test to aid in diagnosis of cancer for men

A

PSA

129
Q

type of anesthesia most often used for a TURP

A

spinal

130
Q

type of urinary diversion procedure

A

ilial conduate

131
Q

retractor used for a bladder/prostate surgery

A

lone star retrac. with stays

132
Q

lcoation of the surgical incision used for a suprapubic prostatectomy

A

low abd-transverse or longitudinal

133
Q

4 different types of prostatectomies

A

suprapubic, retropubic, perineal, TURP

134
Q

2 types of surgical procedures that can be performed to treat femal urinary stress incontinence

A

TBT sling, monarch

135
Q

lack of control over urination

A

stress incontinence

136
Q

used by the surgeon to intermittently remove prostatic tissue fragments during a TURP

A

ellick evacuatator

137
Q

circumcision involves the removal of what structure?

A

foreskin

138
Q

surgical procedure treats cryptorchidism

A

orchiopexy

139
Q

procedure that reverses a male vasectomy

A

vasovasotomy

140
Q

underside of the penis

A

hypospadius

141
Q

topside of the penis

A

epispadius

142
Q

surgery where the high ligation of the gonadal veins is done to reduce venous plexus congestion

A

varicocelectomy

143
Q

orchiectomy

A

removal of one or both testes

144
Q

what structure is excised when performing a hydrocelectomy

A

tunica vaginalis

145
Q

other condition can be associated with child presenting with a hydrocele

A

inguinal hernia

146
Q

what condition would a urethral meatotomy be performed for?

A

pinpoint meatus

147
Q

Operations for urinary stress incontinence

A

Tighten and restore the anterior urethral vesicle angle

148
Q

Vesicourethal suspension

Surgery/goal

A

Correct abnormal urethrovesical angle

GOAL: bring bladder and urethra into pelvis

149
Q

Stamey procedure

A

Stamely needle carrier

150
Q

Transvaginal sling with bone anchor

A

Uses a device that places bone anchor into pubic bone

151
Q

What type of material can sling be?

A

Cadaver fascia

152
Q

Implantation of prosthetic urethral sphincter

A

Done as last measure for patient

Artificial sphincter unit is placed abdominally

153
Q

implantation of interstim sacral nerve stimulator

A

treats urinary urge incontinence

154
Q

collagen injection

A

for intrinsic sphincter deficinecy

155
Q

suprapubic cystolithotomy incision

A

opening made into the bladder through a low abd incision

156
Q

suprapubic cystolithotomy

purpose/instruments/suture

A

removal of large stones
allises or babcocks
absorbable suture

157
Q

suprapubic cystostomy

purpose

A

catheter inserted into bladder through abd wall

urethral strictures, long term urinary drainage

158
Q

radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy

A

total excision of urinary bladder and pelvic lymph nodes

159
Q

bladder substitution

A

if bladder is well differentiated and not invasive into urethra, a neobladder may be created

160
Q

turbt

A

resectoscope

several specimens

161
Q

testes

A

in scrotum, produce testosterone

162
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

where sperm is manufactured

163
Q

epididymis

A

secretes seminal fluid

where sperm mature

164
Q

vas deferens

A

provides an opening for the spermatic cord

165
Q

seminal vesicles

A

unite with the vas deferens

produce seminal fluid

166
Q

alkaline

A

enhances sperm motility

167
Q

fructose

A

an energy source for sperma

168
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vessels and vas deferens join to make the ejaculatory ducts

169
Q

prostate

A

contracts during ejaculation to expulse sperm

170
Q

cowpers gland

A

coats urethra just before ejaculation

171
Q

penis

A

contains 3 masses of cavernous

172
Q

distal end of penis

A

glans penis

173
Q

semen

A

sperm and secretions of seminal vesciles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

174
Q

orchiectomy

A

removal of testis or testes for cancer or torsion

175
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord, causes extreme pain

176
Q

when is an orchiopexy performed?

A

after torsion is reduced

177
Q

varicocelectomy

A

high ligation of gonadal veins of testes to lower congestion of gonadal veins

178
Q

what is the most common surgery for male infertility?

A

varicocelectomy

179
Q

spermatocelectomy

A

removal of a tumor mass

180
Q

hydrocelectomy

A

excision of the tunica vaginalis, accum. of fluid due to trauma

181
Q

phimosis

A

inability to retract foreskin due to stricture

182
Q

orchiopexy

A

correction of an undescended testicle

183
Q

cryptorchidism

A

testes develop near the kidney in fetal life

184
Q

hypospadius repair

A

correction of the urethral meatus, found under penis

185
Q

should infant be circumcised if having hypospadius repair?

A

no, they may use that skin

186
Q

urethroplasty

A

reconstruction of urethra for strictures

187
Q

penectomy

A

partial or tal removal of a cancerous penis

188
Q

what is a vasovasostomy a reconstruction of?

A

vas deferens

189
Q

penile implant

A

insertion of semi rigid implant for diabetes, hypertension

190
Q

paraphimosis

A

foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis

191
Q

where is the prostate located?

A

base of bladder neck

192
Q

suprapubic prostatectomy

A

benign disease, incision made into bladder

193
Q

simple retropubic prostatectomy

A

benign disease, bladder not entered

194
Q

simple perineal prostatectomy

A

inverted u shaped incision between scrotum and rectum

195
Q

advantages to simple perineal prostatectomy

A

easier control of bleeding

196
Q

transurethral resection of prostate

A

only benign disease, leaving capsule intact

spinal anesthesia

197
Q

radical retropubic prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy

A

organ confined prostate cancer, nerve sparing

198
Q

core needle biopsy of prostate

A

diagnostic purposes

199
Q

oliguria

A

small amounts of urine

200
Q

statements about testes

A

located in abd in fetal life, descended by birth, cause sterility if undescended

201
Q

wilms tumor

A

adenomyosarcoma of the kidney

202
Q

routine instruments for nephrectomy

A

rib shears, elevators, strippers

203
Q

cystometrography

A

assess the pressure response of the bladder to distention

204
Q

kidney surgery that placement of a chest tube before closure

A

thoracoabdominal

205
Q

what can you use for a av shunt?

A

artifical gortex graft for the shunt

206
Q

solution for cystoscopy

A

sterile water

207
Q

turb and turp requirements

A

resectoscope, irrigation

208
Q

another name for vesical urethral suspension

A

raz procedure

209
Q

resection of the prostate gland done through the urethra

A

turp

210
Q

penile straightening and urethral reconstruction usually done in two or more stages

A

hypospadias repair

211
Q

visual inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of an endoscope

A

cystoscopy

212
Q

excision of the tunica vaginalis of the testis to remove the fluid filled sac

A

hydrocelectomy

213
Q

ligation and partial excision of dilated veins in the scrotum

A

variococelectomy

214
Q

surgical fixation of a floating or hypermobile kidney

A

nephropexy

215
Q

incisions for nephrectomy

A

flank, thoracoabd, retroperitoneal

216
Q

temporary diversion of urinary drainage by means of an external catheter which drains the kidney pelvis

A

nephrostomy

217
Q

catheter used for straight urinary drainage

A

red robinson

218
Q

Ileal conduit

A

Includes cystectomy with creation of pouch from portion of bowel to create a bladder pouch

219
Q

Cysto anesthesia

A

Local with IV sedation

ST (35 decks)

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