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ST > GENERAL #1 > Flashcards

GENERAL #1 Flashcards

1
Q

apron of fat that hangs from the greated curvature of the stomach and loops back up to attach to the transverse colon

A

greater omentum

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2
Q

exit sphincter of the stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

what segment of the large intestine is the appendix attached to?

A

ceum

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4
Q

appendix quadrant

A

RLQ

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5
Q

inside layer of the GI tract is lined with?

A

mucosal NOT STERILE

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6
Q

outside layer of the GI tract is line with?

A

serosal membrane IS STERILE

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7
Q

what envirnoment is E coli usally found in?

A

intestines

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8
Q

wavelike contraction that propels food through the GI tract

A

peristalsis

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9
Q

another name for the GI tract

A

alimentary canal

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10
Q

5 sections of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, antrum pylorus

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11
Q

does the TA stapler staple and cut?

A

no!!

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12
Q

what does CEEA stand for?

A

circular end to end anastomosis

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13
Q

diverticulosis

A

small, bulging pouches in the large intestine

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14
Q

vertical incision 4 cm lateral to the midline of the abdomen

A

paramedian

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15
Q

simplest abdominal incision

A

midline

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16
Q

four items for retention sutures

A

nonabsorbable suture, NH, bolster, kellys

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17
Q

suture for hernia sac

A

2-0 silk SH

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18
Q

subq bleeders

A

3-0 plain ties

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19
Q

subq skin stich

A

3-0 vicryl PS-1 cutting

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20
Q

hernia repair

A

0 ethibond CT-1 CR

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21
Q

3 weakened areas in the abd wall where hernias are most likely to occur

A

inguinal canal, femoral ring, umbilicus

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22
Q

irreducible hernia contents

A

can’t be returned to the normal intra abd position

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23
Q

how do structures enter the inguinal canal from the abdomen?

A

internal ring

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24
Q

what is the internal ring?

A

natural opening in the transversalis fascia

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25
Q

irreducible hernia in which the blood supply of the sac contents has been compromised and eventually the tissue will necrosis

A

strangulated

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26
Q

major supporting structure of the inguinal floor

A

transversalis fascia

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27
Q

what does the spermatic cord contain?

A

vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

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28
Q

defect in the internal abd ring which causes peritoneum to bulge along the spermatic cord CONGENITAL

A

indirect inguinal hernia

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29
Q

result of stress on the abd wall which causes peritoneum to bulge through the fascia in the inguinal region ACQUIRED

A

direct inguinal hernia

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30
Q

what is entered when the sac of hernia is entered?

A

abd cavity

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31
Q

stitch placed close to the abd wall to close the sac before it is excied

A

purse string

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32
Q

after the sac has been excised, the surgeon will begin the repair of the transversalis fascia using a ____ technique. This is accomplished with what type of suture____

A

interrupted, nonabsorbable

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33
Q

what type of tissue is the hernia sac?

A

peritoneum

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34
Q

2 types of synthetic mesh which can be used for a herniorrhaphy to reinforce the repair

A

marlex, prolene

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35
Q

fat attached to the spermatic cord and sent as specimen with the hernia sac

A

lipoma

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36
Q

2 nerves identified and preserved during an inguinal herniorrhaphy

A

ili-inguinal, ilio-hypogastric

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37
Q

when fibrous bands of scar tissue bind organs together

A

adhesions

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38
Q

suture that will be absorbed the quicket

A

surgical gut

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39
Q

abd operation performed for diagnostics reasons

A

exploratory laparotomy

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40
Q

which would not be placed on a mayo for exploratory lap?

A

3 handle with an #11 blade

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41
Q

incision for exploratory lap

A

midline

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42
Q

6 tissue layers that will be incised for exploratory lap

A

skin, subq, fascia, muscle, fascia, peritoneum

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43
Q

staging

A

classifying by anatomical extent for cancer

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44
Q

visualize the upper GI tract using xray

A

barium swallow

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45
Q

one possible complication that can occur when performing an endoscopic inspection of the GI tract

A

bleeding

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46
Q

position for colonoscopy

A

left side, upper leg flexed

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47
Q

partial gastrectomy that joins the upper 50% of the stomach to the duodenum

A

billroth 1

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48
Q

why is a vagotomy done in conjunction with a gastric resection?

A

decrease hydrochloritic acid in stomach

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49
Q

instrument used to spread the muscle to the inner mucosa on a pyloromyotomy

A

benson pyloric spreader

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50
Q

why is a lap nissen fundoplication performed?

A

gastro esophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia

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51
Q

muscular ring located between the stomach and small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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52
Q

what structure is dilated with a maloney dilator?

A

esophagus

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53
Q

point at which the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm

A

esophageal hiatus

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54
Q

zenkers diverticulum is located where?

A

esophagus

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55
Q

protrusion of viscera through an abd incision following surgery

A

evisceration

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56
Q

mcburney incision

A

appendectomy

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57
Q

what instrument is used to grasp the appendix during an appendectomy?

A

babcock

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58
Q

ostomy performed on the small bowel

A

iliostomy

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59
Q

ostomy perofmred on the large intestine

A

colostomy

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60
Q

2 bowel clamps

A

allis, dennis

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61
Q

function of an ostomy bridge

A

support the bowel during creation of a stoma

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62
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection in small pouches in the digestive tract

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63
Q

what does the CEEA stapler anastomose?

A

descending colon to rectum

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64
Q

main function of the large intestine

A

reabsorb water and electrolytes

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65
Q

cessation of peristalsis

A

paralytic ilieus

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66
Q

what does it mean to mobilize the bowel?

A

freed from attachments

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67
Q

what do you do with instruments that come in contact with the mucosal layer of the colon?

A

they are considered dirty, so isolate and contain

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68
Q

instruments that come in contact with he serosal layer of the colon?

A

they are fine, the area is “sterile”

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69
Q

reason for using moist laps in the abd cavity

A

to hold back structures

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70
Q

bowel technique

A

used during GI cases to isolate the contaminated instruments and supplies, from the clean

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71
Q

location of pilonidal cyst formation?

A

saccrococcygeal

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72
Q

commonly used suture on the GI tract

A

3-0 silk SH

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73
Q

why is a purse string suture placed around the anus during an abd perineal resection?

A

to prevent spillage of fecal matter

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74
Q

measures the amount of iron in the blood

A

hemoglobin

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75
Q

test done to indicate kidney status

A

urinalysis

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76
Q

why is a nasogastic tube placed?

A

drain the stomach

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77
Q

clips for vagus nerve

A

hemoclips, ligaclips

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78
Q

hernia that contents have become trapped but tissue is still viable

A

incarcerated

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79
Q

anesthesia for herniorrhaphy

A

all could be used

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80
Q

how can a gastrostomy be created by?

A

percutaneous, lap, open

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81
Q

function of colon

A

elimination, absorption

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82
Q

where is the pancreas located?

A

ULQ

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83
Q

visual inspection of the esophagus and the cardia of the stomach

A

esophagoscopy

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84
Q

newborn vomitus, free of bile and projectile in nature means?

A

pyloric stenosis

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85
Q

examination of the lower intestine as far as the ceum

A

colonoscopy

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86
Q

flank incision

A

nephrectomy

87
Q

release abnormal tissue connections in the abd cavity

A

lysis of adhesions

88
Q

position for gastric resection

89
Q

needed for normal heart contractions

A

blood potassium

90
Q

what is a vagotomy the surgical treatment option for?

A

gastric ulcer

91
Q

pantaloon hernia

A

both direct and indirect inguinal hernia

92
Q

hernia from failure of deep internal ring to close?

93
Q

sliding hernia

A

posterior wall of hernia sac is formed by bowel

94
Q

femoral hernia

A

protrudes in groin area through the femoral canal

95
Q

umbilical hernia

A

small defect under the umbilicus

96
Q

epigastric hernia

A

protrusion of fat in abd wall between the xiphoid and the umbilicus

97
Q

ventral hernia

A

following previous surgery

98
Q

spigelian hernia

A

occurs between the walls of the abd muscle

99
Q

appose

A

next to one another

100
Q

carcinoma

A

cancer that is in skin or line or cover body organs

101
Q

chyle

A

lymph that is milky from fat

102
Q

chyme

A

partly digested food expelled by the stomach to the duodenum

103
Q

intussusception

A

part of the intestine folds into the section next to it

104
Q

mesentery

A

fan shapes, attaches to back wall of abd

105
Q

neoplasm

A

abnormal mass of tissue

106
Q

omentum

A

sheet of fat that is covered by peritoneum

107
Q

parietal

A

belonging to the wall

108
Q

polyp

A

abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane

109
Q

ulcer

A

break in skin with loss of surface tissue

110
Q

when are raytec removed from surgical field?

A

after peritoneum is entered

111
Q

frozen specimen

A

never in formalin, normally dry

112
Q

type of saline used in the abd cavity

113
Q

counts

A

2 unless body cavity entered, then 3

114
Q

what is included in CBC?

A

rbc, hb, hct, platelets

115
Q

rbc

A

oxygen carrying capacity of blood

116
Q

hct

A

amount of rbcs in whole bood

117
Q

wbc

A

fights infection

118
Q

platelets

A

affects clotting time

119
Q

ecg/ekg

A

indicates cardiac status

120
Q

chest xray

A

indicates pulmonary status

121
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

experience hypermetabolic crisis

122
Q

what is MH triggered by?

A

muscle relaxants- succinylcholine

inhalation agents- halothane

123
Q

signs and symptoms of MH

A

cardiac arrhythmias, rising body temp

124
Q

treatment for MH

A

stop triggering agent, administer dantrolene

125
Q

flash sterilizer

A

prevacuum steam under pressure

126
Q

autoclave

A

saturated steam under pressure

127
Q

cidex

A

high level disinfectant

128
Q

opa

A

high level disinfectant

129
Q

ethylene oxide

A

gas used to sterilize heat or moisture sensitive instruments

130
Q

steris

A

sterilizes for immediate use only

131
Q

sterrad

A

hydrogen peroxide

132
Q

ingestion

A

chewing and swallowing

133
Q

digestion

A

chemical splitting of food particles

134
Q

absorption

A

passage of food particles through walls of digestive tract

135
Q

elmination

A

ridding body waste

136
Q

organs of digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines

137
Q

mouth

138
Q

pharynx

139
Q

esophagus

A

ingestion, located behind trachea

140
Q

stomach

A

digestion/absorption

141
Q

rugae

A

folds in lining of stomach which allows for expansion as stomach fills

142
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

between stomach and esophagus

143
Q

small intestines parts

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

144
Q

small intestines

A

digestion, absorption

145
Q

duodenum

A

secretes mucous to protect wall from chyme

146
Q

ileocecal valve

A

junction of cecum and ileum

147
Q

large intestines parts

A

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon

148
Q

large intestines

A

elimination/absorption no digestion

149
Q

nerve supply for large intestines

A

celiac plexus, vagus nerve

150
Q

what is the large intestines?

151
Q

ascending colon

A

contains hepatic flexure

152
Q

transverse colon

A

crosses abd right to left below stomach

153
Q

descending colon

A

contains plenic flexure

154
Q

rectum

A

elmination

155
Q

anus

A

opening to outside of body

156
Q

sympathetic

157
Q

parasympathetic

158
Q

peritoneum

A

supports and insulates some organs

159
Q

what peritoeum is entered during surgery?

160
Q

extends between stomach and liver

A

lesser omentum

161
Q

liver location/function

A

RUQ, produces bile

162
Q

glissons capsule

A

external covering of liver

163
Q

largest organ in abd cavity

164
Q

gallbladder location/function

A

undersurface of right lobe of liver, stores and concentrates bile

165
Q

ampulla of vater

A

where the common bile duct enters into the duodenum

166
Q

pancreas location/function

A

ULQ, produces insulin

167
Q

spleen location/function

A

ULQ, phagocytosis

168
Q

upper midline

A

stomach, duodenum, pancreas

169
Q

lower midline

A

gyn, bladder

170
Q

right upper paramedian

171
Q

left upper paramedian

A

splenectomy

172
Q

right lower paramedian

A

appendectomy

173
Q

left lower paramedian

A

sigmoid colon resection

174
Q

lower oblique

A

inguinal herniorrhaphy

175
Q

subcostal

A

gallbladder

176
Q

thoracoabdominal

A

nephrectomy, chest tube may be placed

177
Q

chevron

A

renal tumors

178
Q

pfannenstiel

A

gyn/pelvic

179
Q

mid abd incision

180
Q

rocky davis

A

appendectomy

181
Q

lymph nodes excision

A

obtain tissue for biopys

182
Q

I&D

A

have suction and culturettes ready

183
Q

specimen inguinal hernia

A

no sac for specimen

184
Q

mcvay or mcvay/lotheissen

A

transverse abdominus muscle and transversalis fascia are sutured to coopers ligament

185
Q

examination of body organs by means of an endoscope

186
Q

EGD

A

inspection of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum

187
Q

ERCP

A

visualization of the biliary tract with injection of dye

188
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

inspection of sigmoid colon and rectum

189
Q

excision of esophageal diverticulum

surgery/why/anatomy/instruments

A

removal of a weakening of the esophageal wall

INSTRU: penningtons, adson clamps

190
Q

repair of atresia of the esophagus

A

congenital anomaly

191
Q

esophagomyotomy

surgery/why/instruments

A

myotomy of the esophagogastric junction
WHY: correct esophageal obstruction
INSTRU: chest tray

192
Q

repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

surgery/why

A

pediatric congenital defect allowing abd viscera to intrude into the thorax
WHY: repair the diaphragmatic hernia

193
Q

esophageal hiatal hernia repair

surgery/why/anatomy/instruments

A

portion of stomach protrudes up into the thoracic cavity WHY: restore cardio-esophageal unction to correct position
INSTRU: thoracotomy, long instruments, maloney dilator

194
Q

lap nissen fundoplication

surgery/why/anatomy/instruments

A

wrapping of gastric fundus around esophagus
WHY: treats GERD
INSTRU: laparoscopic

195
Q

transoral incisionless fundoplication

A

new procedure to treat GERD

196
Q

esophagectomy

surgery/why/instruments

A

removal of portions of stomach and esophagus with re establishment between stomach and esophagus
WHY: esophageal cancer
INSTRU: basic lap, long instruments, deep retractors

197
Q

vagotomy

surgery/why/anatomy/instruments

A

resection of portions of the vagus nerve
WHY: reduces gastric juices
INSTRU: long, blunt nerve hook, penrose

198
Q

truncal vagotomoy

A

main truncks of vagus are interrupted

199
Q

selective vagotomy

A

interrupts primarily the gastric vagal nerves

200
Q

pyloroplasty

A

englargement of passageway between lower stomach and duodenum
WHY: enhances emptying of stomach
INSTRU: GI set

201
Q

fredet ramstedt pyloromyotomy/instruments

A

infants with pylor stenosis

INSTRU: benson pyloric spreader

202
Q

gastrostomy

surgery/why/anatomy/instruments

A

establishment of artificial opening into stomach through abd wall to skin
WHY: to drain the stomach or liquid feedings
INSTRU: babcocks

203
Q

peg tube insertion

A

placement of gastrostomy tube through abd wall into stomach
WHY: insertion of feeding tube
INSTRU: gastroscope, snare forceps

204
Q

gastrojejunostomy/instruments

A

establishment of a permanent union between proximal jejunum and anterior/posterior wall of the stomach
INSTRU: babcocks

205
Q

is a gastrojejunostomy a resection?

206
Q

partial/subtotal gastrectomy

A

excision of a portion of the stomach

WHY: peptic ulcer diease

207
Q

billroth II:

A

removing the distal portion of the stomach and duodenum with reanastomosis to the jejunum
INSTRU: autosuture staplers

208
Q

total gastrectomy

A

omplete removal of stomach
WHY: stomach cancer
INStRU: same as partial gastro.

209
Q

omphacele

A

protrusion of abd viscera outside the abd through the umbilical ring

210
Q

gastroschisis

A

protrusion of viscera through an abd wall defect to the right of the umbilical cord

211
Q

restrictive gastroplasty

A

changes shape of stomach to make patient feel full faster

212
Q

rouxeny gastric bypass

A

reroutes the passage of food to small pouch created

213
Q

best choice for sterilzing endoscopes

214
Q

flash sterilization instruements

A

unwrapped 3 @ 270
wrapped 15 @ 270
metal 10 @ 270

ST (35 decks)

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