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ST > OBGYN test > Flashcards

OBGYN test Flashcards

1
Q

true pelvis

A

lower portion

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2
Q

false pelvis

A

upper portion- part that lies above the pelvic inlet

*ilium/iliac crest

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3
Q

the pelvic floor

A

give support to the pelvic organs, maintenance of normal strength of the pelvic floor

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4
Q

levator ani muscles

A

control of the bladder, rectum and vaginal childbirth

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5
Q

shape of uterus

A

upside down pear

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6
Q

function of uterus

A

carries fetus and contracts to expel fetus

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7
Q

parts of the uterus

A

fundus
body
cervix

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8
Q

fundus

A

top, rounded portion

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9
Q

body

A

middle

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10
Q

cervix

A

bottom, has external and internal openings called the os

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11
Q

outer layer of the uterus

A

peritoneal layer

overlies the pelvic surface

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12
Q

myometrium

A

middle

muscle, vascular (placenta attaches here)

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13
Q

endometrium

A 
inner
basilar (doesn't slough) and functional (sloughs)
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14
Q

broad ligament

A

contains fallopian tube, ovarian ligament, round ligament, blood vessels and nerves

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15
Q

round ligament

A

passes through the inguinal ring forward and laterally through the broad ligaments

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16
Q

cardinal ligament

A

strong connective tissue

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17
Q

uterosacral ligament

A

continuation of the peritoneal tissue

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18
Q

fallopian tubes location

A

bilateral

upper margin of the broad ligament

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19
Q

fallopian tubes function

A

accept and hold the egg for fertilization, periostalsis propels the egg to the uterus

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20
Q

fimbriae/infundibulum

A

finger like projections, catch the egg and guide it into the tube

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21
Q

ampulla

A

main body of the tube

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22
Q

isthmus

A

muscle, acts as a sphinctor, opens into the uterus, helps to prevent endometeriosis

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23
Q

intramural

A

within the wall of the uterus

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24
Q

cornu

A

the opening of the tube into the uterus

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25
Q

ovary functions

A

endocrine-produce estrogen and prog.

exocrine-produce eggs and expulsion of them to fallopian tubes

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26
Q

cortex ovary

A

outer, contaisn the ovarian follicles

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27
Q

medulla ovary

A

vascular structures, nerves, lymphatic system

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28
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

fold of peritoneum from overlying fimbra

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29
Q

ovarain ligament

A

lies in the broad ligament, main support for the ovaries

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30
Q

vagina

A

collapsed tube

birth canal, products of menstruation, copulation, lined with mucosal tissue

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31
Q

rugae

A

folds of tissue that run the length of the vagina

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32
Q

vaginal fluid

A

acidic, kills most sperm

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33
Q

bartholin glands

A

at lower end of bagin, produce fluid for lubrication

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34
Q

mons pubis

A

fatty tissue over the anterior symphysis pubis

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35
Q

labia majora

A

prominent folds of skin extending from the mons pubis to the perineum

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36
Q

labia minor

A

flat delicate folds lying within the labia

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37
Q

vestibule

A

contains the urethral and vaginal openings

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38
Q

skene glands

A

secrete alkaline fluid to increase the life of spem

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39
Q

clitoris

A

erectile tissue, lies directly above the urethral orifice and below the mons pubis

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40
Q

hymen

A

vascular fold of thin tissue, broekn with intercourse

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41
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

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42
Q

metorrhagia

A

uterine bleeding other than that caused by menstruation

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43
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessively heavy menstruation

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44
Q

fibroids/leiomyoma

A

benign tumor of the uterus, made up of fibrous tissue, symp: abornal bleeding
diag: bimanual exam, US, lap

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45
Q

endometriosis

A

ectopic endometrial cells found on the outside of the uterus

symp: dysmenorrhea
diag: lap

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46
Q

dysplasia

A

abornal tissue of the uterus

symp: menorrhagia
diag: D&C

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47
Q

puncture or rupture

A

P: during surgical procedure
R: during preg. and require emergent C section

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48
Q

ante/retroverted

A

entire uterus tipped forward or backward

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49
Q

ante/retroflexed

A

uterus bent forward or backward at the junction of the cervix and the body

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50
Q

malpositioned uterus

A

symp: infertility
diag: manual exam

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51
Q

incompetent cervis

A

dilation of the cervix before term without labor or contractions

symp: premarture birth
diag: history of premature births

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52
Q

bifurcation

A

separation of the uterus into two segments by a septum

symp: contractions
diag: hysteroscopy

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53
Q

PID

A

inflamm. condition of the female pelvic organs caused by bacterial infection
symp: fever, vag. discharge
diag: history and symptom
tx: antibiotics

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54
Q

chlamydia

A

most common STD and cause of infertility

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55
Q

cysts

A

fluid filled sac on the ovary

symp: abd pain
diag: manual exam

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56
Q

follicular cysts

A

normal, the fluid carries the egg to the fimbria

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57
Q

chocolate cyst

A

ovarian endometrial cysts containing menstrum

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58
Q

dermoid cyst

A

derived from embroyonal tissue, contain hair, teeth, bone, fatty tissue, cartilage

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59
Q

cancer

A

malignant neoplastic disease of the ovary

symp: abd sweeling
diag: US and CT

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60
Q

cystocele

A

protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the vagina

symp: stress incontinence
diag: complaint

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61
Q

rectocele

A

protrusion of rectal wall into the vagina

symp: difficulty pooping
diag: complaint

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62
Q

enterocele

A

herniation of a loop of intestine into the cul de sac of the douglas

symp: pressure and cramping
diag: complaint

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63
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

open tract between the bladder and the vagina

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64
Q

urethrovaginal fistula

A

open tract between the urethra and the vagina

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65
Q

vag. fistulas

A

allow urine to flow out of the vagina

diag: complaint

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66
Q

rectovaginal fistula

A

open tract between the rectum and the vagina, stool enters the vagina
diag: complaint

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67
Q

bartholins cyst

A

inflamm. of the bartholins gland which has become fluid filled
symp: pain with movement
diag: complaint

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68
Q

ectopic preg.

A

abnormal preg. in which the conceptus implants outside the uterine cavity

symp: abd pain
diag: serum preg. test

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69
Q

infertility due to occlusion

A

lumen of the fallopian tube is blocked due to adhesions, inflamm,

symp: infertility
diag: hystersalpingogram

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70
Q

infertility due to sperm factos

A

lack of sufficient number of sperm or lack of motility

diag: sperm counts
tx: in vitro fertilization

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71
Q

undesired fertility

A

individual no longer wishes to have the ability to conceive child

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72
Q

uterine prolapse

A

weakening or stretching of the uterine ligaments

symp: uterine prolapses
diag: complaint

73
Q

vulvar cancer

A

malginant cells which occur on the vulva

symp: itching
diag: application of toluidine blue

74
Q

lugols solution

A

stain the cervix for detection of cancer cells, apply with stick sponge

75
Q

lugols cells

A

healthy turn brown

cancer white

76
Q

methylene blue

A

used in chromotubation of the fallopain tubes during lap

77
Q

toluidine blue

A

stain cancer cells of vulvar tissue

78
Q

indigo carmine

A

IV, check patency of the ureters

79
Q

salpix and sinografin

A

fluro, check patency of the fallopian tubes

80
Q

pitocin

A

stimulates the uterus to tighten, induce labor

81
Q

ergotrate

A

given after delivery if the uterus is really boggy or soft and bleeding is significant

82
Q

methergine

A

for boggy or soft uterus and when bleeding is significant

83
Q

estrogen

A

produced by the ovaries, stops with menopause

84
Q

prostaglandin gel

A

applied to cervix to ripen it, or encourage to dilate in prep for birth

85
Q

rhogam

A

given to rh neg. women who has rh positive babies, protective measure so mom doesn’t develop antibodies

86
Q

legs during gyn surgery

A

legs need to go up and down together to avoid back strain, lower slowly at the end of case to avoid HTN

87
Q

D&C

A

dilation of the cervix and curettage of the uterus

88
Q

suction curettage

A

vacuum aspiration of the uterus, incomplete spontaneous abortion or term of early pregnancy

89
Q

cervical bx

A

diagnostic tool, done for ppl with sign. findings on pap smear confirm malignancy

90
Q

cervical polyp removal

A

stop the bleeding they cause and reduce tissue irritation

91
Q

cervial conization

A

when dysplasia is more progressed, removal of a piece of the cervix

92
Q

LEEP

A

stain cervix, check for margins, tag it

93
Q

uterine radiation seeding

A

treat cervial and endometrial malignancy, seeds placed in pateitns room not in OR, more controlled

94
Q

colposcope

A

evaluate the cervix on women with suspected abnormal changed detected by pap smear

95
Q

condylomata

A

wart like lesions caused by HPV, sexually transmitted, ablated

96
Q

shirodkar procedure, cervical cerclage

A

treat incompetent cervix, prevent dilation in women who have repeated 2nd timester abortions

97
Q

what is done in shirodkar procedure?

A

ligature of heavy suture is placed around the internal os to keep it closed

98
Q

what wouldn’t be used on shirodkar procedure?

A

sounds, dilators, curettes!! you don’t want to open it up!

99
Q

marsupialization of bartholins cyst

A

removal or incision of cyst and drainage of surround area

100
Q

when is marsupialization of bartholins cyst done?

A

cyst is resting

101
Q

how does the bartholins cyst heal after marsupialization?

A

granulation

102
Q

vulvectomy

A

excision of a portion of the vulva

103
Q

when is a vulvectomy done?

A

when cancerous lesions that cant be successfully removed by laser ablation

104
Q

labioplasty

A

repair trauma, remove growths or cosmetic, easy to access since on outside

105
Q

perineal laceration

A

repair of traumatic laceration called episiotomy

106
Q

hysteroscopy

A

visculation of the uterine cavity and tubal orifices, diag and tx of pathologies

107
Q

endometrial ablation

A

treat abnormal bleeding

108
Q

endometrial thermal balloon ablation

A

balloon inserted into the uterus and the endometrium is ablated

109
Q

vag hyst count

A

periotenum between the vagina and rectum is closed with continuous stitch and first count is done

110
Q

LAVH

A

easier removal, has 2 different set ups

111
Q

anterior/posterior repairs

A

specimen is cystocele/rectocele or vaginal tissue

112
Q

enterocele repair

A

tissue distal to the purse string is excised and transverse suture closure is used to give support to the tissue and prevent recurrence

113
Q

fistula reapirs

A

abnormal opeings between 2 structures

114
Q

bladder suspensions

A

done to treat stress incontinence

115
Q

what is used during bladder suspensions?

A

anchoring devices, tapes, sutures

116
Q

goal of bladder suspensions

A

restore fascial support and assist the weakened pubococcygeal muscle

117
Q

what is done at the end of the bladder suspension surgery>

A

surgeon will check repair at end with cystoscope and may palce a suprapubic catheter

118
Q

name of the 4 uterine ligaments

A

broad, round, cardinal, uterosacral

119
Q

which layer of the uterus would the palcenta attach to in pregnancy?

A

endometrium

120
Q

portions of the fallpian tubes

A

fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus, intramural, cornu

121
Q

what muscles give support to the pelvic floor?

A

coccylgeal

122
Q

where are the bartholin glands located?

A

lower end of vagina

123
Q

another name for the external genitalia

A

vulva

124
Q

where is chromotubation performed?

A

OR

125
Q

where is hystersalpingogram performed?

A

xray

126
Q

what type of dy is used for chromotubation?

A

meth. blue

127
Q

what type of dye is used for hystersalpingogram?

A

salpix

128
Q

how is chromotubation viewed?

A

video camera

129
Q

how is hystersalpingogram viewed?

A

fluoro

130
Q

why is chromotubation/hystersalpingogram?

A

tubal patency

131
Q

when would a surgeon choose to do a chromotubation instead of a hystersalpingogram?

A

infertility

132
Q

why is ectopic pregnancy possible?

A

fimbriae is floating, not attached to egg

lack of connection between between tube and ovary

133
Q

what two structures are involved in cystocele and rectoccele?

A

c-bladder

r-rectum

134
Q

how is indigo carmine administered, and why would it be given?

A

IV

assess ureters for damage

135
Q

fistula between the bladder and vagina

A

vesicovagina

136
Q

fistula between the rectum and vagina

A

rectovagina

137
Q

between the urethra and vagina

A

uretrovagina

138
Q

for hysteroscopy, the scope is inserted into the _____. prior to insertion of the scope, you would hand ___, ____, and _____.

A

cervix, tenaculum, dilators, speculum

139
Q

PID is possible in females, but not in males because

A

goes into abd.

140
Q

what is needed for final diagnosis of ovarian cancer?

A

laparotomy

141
Q

gold standard suture

A

0 or 2-0 vicryl on CT-1

used on uterine ligaments, fascia, peritoneum, uterus

142
Q

TAH

A

total abd hysterectomy

143
Q

TAH/BSO

A

total abd hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

144
Q

abd hysterectomy incision

A

lower midline or pfannenstiel

145
Q

lap hysterectomy

A

need uterine manipulator with balloon to maintain pneurmoperitoneum

146
Q

morcellator in lap hyster

A

remove uterine tissue when the uterus is large

147
Q

robotic assisted hyster

A

uterine manipulator with vag balloon occulder into the vagina to maintain pneumo.

148
Q

robotic assisted hyster specimen

A

uterus and cervix dilivered vaginally

149
Q

uterine myomectomy

A

excsion of one or more fibroids from the uterus

150
Q

why is a uterine myomectomy done?

A

preserve the uterus in women who still desire fertility, or when the fibroid is affecting fertility

151
Q

radical hysterectomy

A

cervical or endometrial cancer

152
Q

peritoneal washings

A

check for free floating cancer cells

153
Q

pelvic exenteration

A

en bloc removal of rectum, distal sigmoid colon, bladder, distal ureters, internal iliac vessels and branches, reproductive organs and lymph nodes and entire pelvic floor

154
Q

why is pelvic exenteration done?

A

tx for recurrent or persistent cancers of the uterus, cervix or vagina

155
Q

oophorectomy

A

excision of ovary

156
Q

salpingo-oophorectomy

A

removal of tube and all or part of the corresponding ovary

157
Q

why is salpingo-oophorectomy done?

A

chronic inflammation in pateints with repeated tubal pregnancies

158
Q

salpingo-oophorectomy instruments

A

allis, babcock to grasp tube, infundibulopelvic ligament is clamped with hemostats

159
Q

salpingectomy/ excsion of ectopic pregnancy

A

excsion of all or part of the fallopian tube, rupture can be life threatening due to hemorrhage

160
Q

lap/pelviscopy

A

look into the abdominal cavity

161
Q

KTP/YAG

A

flexible fiber made of single strand of fiberglass used to deliver the beam to the tissue

162
Q

tubal ligation

A

interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tube for sterilization

163
Q

tuboplasty microtubal reanastomosis

A

reconstruction of fallopian tubes after tubal ligation or pathology that is affecting the aptency of the tube

164
Q

goal of tuboplasty microtubal reanastomosis

A

restore fertility

165
Q

tuboplasty microtubal reanastomosis liquids

A

lactated ringers or hep lactated ringers to keep delicate tissue from drying out

166
Q

in vitro fertilization

A

done to treat infertility, eggs are stimulated with drugs

167
Q

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A

one sperm is injected into the egg in the lab

168
Q

GIFT procedure

A

gamete intrafallopian transfer

ovum and sperm are placed in the fallopian tubes lap.

169
Q

ZIFT procedure

A

zygote intrafallopian transfer

fertilized eggs are placed into the falloppian tubes

170
Q

GIFT and ZIFT

A

anesthesia time is minimized to reduce egg exposure to anesthesia

171
Q

c section

A

delivery of the fetus through abd lap

172
Q

emergent c section

A

cord prolapse, abruptio placentae

173
Q

non emergent c section

A

mal position, CPD, diabetic

174
Q

c section emergency supplies

A

drape mayo, kinfe with blade, clamps, sponges

175
Q

what is used to close uterus in c section?

A

0 vicrly CT 1

176
Q

foley for emergent c section

A

yes

177
Q

scissors for uterus c section

A

bandage

178
Q

what is necessary for invitro

A

1 functioning ovary, tried for 1 year, functioning uterus

ST (35 decks)

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