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ST > GENERAL #2 > Flashcards

GENERAL #2 Flashcards

1
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

excision of either external or internal hemorrhoids or both, dilated anal veins

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2
Q

excision of anal fistula

A

excision of tissue surrounding a draining sinus tract in anal area

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3
Q

excision of pilonidal cyst

A

in the sacrococcygeal region, congenital defect causing tissue to be trapped below the skin

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4
Q

pediatric atresia

A

congenital condition where there is a problem with the development in the rectum/anus

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5
Q

trauma to the rectum

A

insertion of foreign body, sexual assault or accidents

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6
Q

two accessory organs of the GI tract

A

spleen, gallbladder

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7
Q

muscular ring located between the stomach and small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

when the gallbladder contracts, bile is ejected into what

A

cystic duct

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9
Q

union of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct form what?

A

common bile duct

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10
Q

where is bile produced?

A

liver

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11
Q

where is bile stored?

A

gallbladder

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12
Q

bile and pancreatic enzymes are released through this opening into the duodenum

A

ampulla of vater

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13
Q

incision for cholecystectomy

A

right subcostal

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14
Q

xray performed during a cholecystectomy to identify any stones in the common bile duct

A

intra op cholangiogram

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15
Q

dye used during cholangiogram

A

hypaque

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16
Q

why is it important to expel the air from the saline syringes prior to cholangiogram?

A

air looks like stone on xray

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17
Q

can a cholangiogram be performed if it is a lap chole?

A

yes

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18
Q

oschner trocar

A

open chole to deflate the gallbladder

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19
Q

forceps used to remove stones during biliary surgery

A

randall stone forceps

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20
Q

choledochotomy

A

incision of the common bile duct to get stones out

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21
Q

largest organ in the abd cavity?

A

liver

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22
Q

main digestive function of the livver?

A

produce bile

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23
Q

glissons capsule covers what organ?

A

liver

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24
Q

2 functions of the spleen

A

filter for blood, fight bacteria

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25
Q

operation where the spleen is removed

A

splenectomy

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26
Q

incision for splenectomy

A

midline

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27
Q

why is a splenectomy performed?

A

trauma, tumors, cysts

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28
Q

what must be readily available when the peritoneum is entered?

A

suction, laps, cell saver

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29
Q

wher are the islets of langerhans located and what are their functions?

A

pancreas, blood sugar levels

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30
Q

pancreaticojejunostomy is performed for?

A

early pancreatic cancers

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31
Q

a whipple procedure includes surgery on what organs?

A

pancreas, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, common bile duct ***en bloc

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32
Q

technical name for whipple

A

pancreaticoduodenectomy

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33
Q

procedure done to correct intrahepatic obstruction

A

portacaval shunt

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34
Q

biopsy need used for a liver biopsy

A

tru-cut, silverman

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35
Q

what type of suture is used on liver? type of needle?

A

chromic, blunt

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36
Q

cholelithiasis

A

hardened deposit within the fluid in the gallbladder

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37
Q

insturment used to grasp the mass/tumor during a breast biopsy?

A

allis

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38
Q

how is a frzoen section sent to the lab during a breast biopsy?

A

dry container

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39
Q

needle localization

A

doing in radiology prior to biopsy, fine wire placed

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40
Q

type of breast surgery which could be performed for a benign breast tumor

A

lumpectomy

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41
Q

removal of the entired breast and axillary contents, but preserves the pectoral muscles

A

modified radical mastectomy

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42
Q

why is it important to perform the surgical prep gently for a mastectomy?

A

avoids dislodging cancer cells

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43
Q

prep parameters for a modified radical mastectomy

A

neck to umbilicus to midline, circumferiental upper arm to mid forearm

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44
Q

type of irrigation used during a mastectomy

A

sterile water

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45
Q

2 nerves which must be identified and preerved

A

thorocodorsal, long thoracic

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46
Q

type of drain used after a mastectomy

A

JP

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47
Q

pathological enlargement of the male breast

A

gynemastia

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48
Q

type of set up pack for vein stripping for adequate draping?

A

universal drape pack

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49
Q

large vein that is often removed during a vein stripping?

A

greater saphenous vein

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50
Q

why are legs wrapped with elastic wrap after vein stripping?

A

compression dressing

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51
Q

how many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

A

2

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52
Q

vocal cords are located?

A

larynx

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53
Q

what is the larynx located between?

A

pharynx and trachea

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54
Q

item used in positioning a patient for a thyroidectomy

A

shoulder roll

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55
Q

why is a shoulder roll used?

A

hyper extends neck for better exposure

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56
Q

what drainage system is preferred for a radical neck dissection?

A

jackson pratt

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57
Q

how many parathyroid glands does a person have?

A

4

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58
Q

instrument used during a tracheostomy used to pull the trachea close to the surface before inserting the trach tube

A

jacson tracheal hook

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59
Q

what must be sent with the patient to the PACU following a tracheostomy?

A

obturator

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60
Q

where are the parotid glands located?

A

in front of ear

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61
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visualization of larynx using laryngoscope

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62
Q

microlaryngoscopy

A

more precise visualization

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63
Q

you would find osteotomes, mallet, rongeurs and elevators on a set up for a total laryngectomy?

A

true

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64
Q

tracheostomy incision

A

below the cricoid cartilage

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65
Q

how is the trach tube held in place?

A

suture, cloth tape

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66
Q

when would a nerve stimulator be found?

A

parotidectomy, thyroidectomy

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67
Q

3 structures that would be resected during a radical neck dissection

A

sternoclidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, submandibular gland

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68
Q

what nerve is identified and preserved during a thyoidectomy?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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69
Q

possible post op complication following a thyroidectomy?

A

swelling- end up having a trach

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70
Q

normal bowel fuction

A

open lumen for intestinal contents, adequate circulation

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71
Q

bowel obstruction

A

any that interrupts normal flow of contents

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72
Q

where are 80% of intestinal obstructions found?

A

small bowel

73
Q

pathophysiology of bowel surgery

A

inflammatory, vascular, celiac disease, pseudomembranous

74
Q

bowel technqiue

A

used on any GI surgery where the bowel is entered, any contact with the GI mucosa can’t be used on any other tissue

75
Q

diagnostic interventions

A

chest xray, barium enema, CT scan

76
Q

bowel prep/intestinal antisepsis

A

must be done to cleanse inside of bwel, antibiotics

77
Q

complications of bowel surgery?

A

DVT, short gut syndrome

78
Q

class II

A

controlled spillage

79
Q

class III

A

non controlled spillage

80
Q

class IV

A

frank pus/infection

81
Q

meckels diverticulectomy

surgery/purpose/instruments

A

excision of congenital duct occurring at the umbilicus
PURPOSE: prevent inflammation from intussusception of diverticulum
INSTRU: kochers, bookwalter

82
Q

small bowel resection

surgery/purpose

A

excise segment of small intestine

PURPOSE: remove an obstruction

83
Q

3 anastomosing techniques

A

end to end, side to side, end to side

84
Q

posterior serosal layer

A

3-0 silk SH CR interrupted

85
Q

mucosal layer

A

3-0 chromic/vicryl SH continuous

86
Q

anterior serosal layer

A

3-0 silk SH cr

87
Q

what does the 3-0 silk prevent?

A

post op obstruction

88
Q

appendectomy

surgery/purpose/instruments

A

excision of appendix
PURPOSE: remove inflamed appendix to prevent rupture
INSTRU: babcocks

89
Q

lap appendectomy

surgery/instruments

A

endoscopic excision of appendix

INSTRU: endo GIA to cut off appendix

90
Q

reducation of intussusception

A

telescopic invagination of a portion of intestine into an adjacent part

91
Q

most common site for intussusception

A

ileocecal junction

92
Q

resection and pull through for hirschsprung diease

A

lack of paristalsis due to absence of ganglion cells in distal bowel

93
Q

repair of imperforate anus

A

surgery indicated within 24-48 hours after birth

94
Q

colostomy

surgery/purpose

A

mobilization of a loop of colon through a right rectus incision to expose the transverse colon
PURPOSE: obstruction in the sigmoid colon from cancer

95
Q

temporary colostomy

A

rest bowel following colon resection-gives suture line time to heal

96
Q

transverse loop colostomy

A

most frequently used for a temporary colostomy

97
Q

sigmoid colostmy

A

most common type of permanent colostomy

98
Q

colostomy closure

surgery/purpose

A

reestablish internal intestinal continuity with repair of abd wall
PURPOSE: when temp. colostomy is no long necessary

99
Q

when is stoma prepped?

100
Q

right hemicolectomy and ileocolostomy

surgery/purpose

A

resection of the right half of the colon with creation of an ileostomy
PURPOSE: remove malignant lesion of the right colon

101
Q

what will right hemicolectomy and ileocolostomy result in?

A

permanent ileostomy

102
Q

transverse colectomy

surgery/purpose

A

excision of the transverse colon though an upper midline or transverse incision
PURPOSE: malignancy

103
Q

low anterior resection of sigmoid colon and rectosigmoidostomy
surgery/purpose

A

removal of lower sigmoid colon and proximal 2/3 of rectum

PURPOSE: benign conditions or cancer

104
Q

abdominoperineal resection- miles resection

surgery/purpose

A

excision of rectum and portion of sigmoid colon through both an abd and perineal approach
PURPOSE: treat rectal malignancy

105
Q

abdominoperineal resection- miles resection incisions

A

vertical or transverse abd incision, elliptical perineal incision, colostomy incision

106
Q

lap assisted colon resection

A

excision of large colon segment combining endoscopy and mini laparotomy or large bore lap port

107
Q

excision of anal fissure and sphincterotomy

A

involves anal sphincter dilatation and removal of anal fissure/lesion/ulcer

108
Q

anal fissue

A

benign lesions of the anal wall

109
Q

open chole

surgery/purpose

A

excision of the gallbladder

PURPOSE: acute cholecystitis

110
Q

how many steps in intra op cholangiogram?

111
Q

what is done before cholangiogram to check for leaks?

A

saline injected into catheter to check for patency

112
Q

exploration of common bile duct

purpose/instruments

A

PURPOSE: remove stones causing obstruction
INSTRU: randall stone forceps

113
Q

chole

114
Q

choledoch

A

common bile duct

115
Q

cholecyst

A

gallbladder

116
Q

ostomy

A

forming a permanent opening

117
Q

otomy

A

making an incision into

118
Q

oscopy

A

viewing using a lighted scope

119
Q

types of pancreatic cysts

A

pseudocyst
neoplasms
simple

120
Q

pseudocyst

A

localized collections of pancreatic secretions in a cystic structure-most common

121
Q

pancreatic transplatation

A

implantation of a donor pancreas for patients with type 1 diabetes

122
Q

pancreas-kidney transplant

A

renal failure

123
Q

gaol of pancreatic transplant

A

stave off debilitating side effects of diabetes

124
Q

splenectomy

surgery/purpose

A

excision of spleen

PURPOSE: trauma

125
Q

lap splenectomy

A

not done for trauma!!!!

126
Q

liver biopsy

A

evaluating suspected liver disease

127
Q

repair of liver laceration

A

blunt or penetrating abd trauma

128
Q

what should you have for liver laceration repair?

A

hemostatic agents, blunt needle

129
Q

liver resection

130
Q

portal hypertension

A

high blood pressure in the portal vein system

131
Q

liver transplantation

A

done for end stage liver disease

132
Q

breast biopsy

A

determine presence of cancer-frozen section

133
Q

breast biopsy when cancer is diagnosed?

A

mastectomy performed immediately or later after consulting with patient

134
Q

breast biopsy with needle localization rule

A

pt remains on or table with sterile field until confirmation given that lesion has been excised

135
Q

sentinal node biopsy

A

determine if cancer has spread to any axillary lymph nodes, if need for additional surgery or tx

136
Q

radioactive isotope sentinal node biopsy

A

injected 1 hour prior in radiology, concentrates in tumor

137
Q

isosulfan sentinal node biopsy

A

injected in the operating room nodes are stained blue

138
Q

axillary node dissection

A

removal of axillary nodes though incision in axilla, allows for staging

139
Q

lumpectomy-segmental

A

removal of mass with 1 in margin of surrounding tissue, done to control spread of breast cancer

140
Q

subq mastectomy

A

removal of all breast tissue only, leaving overlying skin and nipple intact

141
Q

simple total mastectomy

A

removal of entire breast, no lymph node dissection

142
Q

what is a simple total mastectomy done for?

A

cancer confined to breast only

143
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

removal of breast and all axillary contents including axillary lymph nodels

144
Q

what is left intact during modified radical mastectomy?

A

pectoral muscle

145
Q

irrigating with warm water during mastectomy?

A

decrease cancer cell survival

146
Q

radical mastectomy

A

removal of entire breast, pectoralis major and minor, facia, axillary nodes and adjacent tissue

147
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

removal of 1 or more of the glands

PURPOSE: hyperplasia/hyperparathyroidism

148
Q

what does the parathyroid do?

A

regulates calcium and phosphorous concentrations

149
Q

can you remove all 4 parathyroid glands?

A

no!!! will die from tetany

150
Q

where is the incision for parathyroidectomy?

A

transverse incision in natural neck fold

151
Q

new technique for parathyroidectomy

A

1 gland is transplanted to other accessible area for later removal depending on blood levels

152
Q

partial thyroidectomy

A

1 lobe removed

153
Q

subtotal thyroidectomy

A

most of gland removed

154
Q

total thyroidectomy

A

entire gland removed

155
Q

what does thyroidectomy treat?

A

hyperthyroidism

156
Q

anatomy of thyroid

A

2 lobes connected by an isthmus

157
Q

thyroid function

A

regulates energy production

158
Q

instruments for thyroidectomy

A

lahey tenaculum

159
Q

parotidectomy

surgery/purpose

A

excision of parotid gland

PURPOSE: inflammatory disease

160
Q

structures identified and preserved during parotidectomy

A

facial nerve, auricular nerve

161
Q

excision of submandibular gland

A

remove gland-tumors

162
Q

nerves for submandibular gland excision

A

hypoglossal and facial lingual nerve

163
Q

most common congential cyst found in neck

A

thyroglossal duct cystectomy

164
Q

thyroglossal duct cystectomy

A

excise all portions of cyst, duct and hyoid bone to avoid cyst re occurrance

165
Q

tracheostomy

surgery/purpose/instruments

A

opening made into trachea with insertion of cannula to facilitate breathing
PURPOSE: treats upper respiratory tract obstruction
INSTRU: jackson tracheal hook

166
Q

incision for trach

A

between 3rd and 4th tracheal rings with 15 blade

167
Q

larynx function

A

air passageway

168
Q

laryngectomy

surgery/purpose/instruments

A

excision of larynx, hyoid bone, strap muscles, epiglottis
PURPOSE: neoplasms
INSTRU: trach set and trach tubes,

169
Q

what would be done first beofre laryngectomy to manage airway?

A

tracheostomy

170
Q

ST job for laryngoscopy

A

keep all specimens separate and labeled correctly

171
Q

radical neck dissection

A

resection of cancerous tumor and surrounding structures

172
Q

when is radical neck dissection done?

A

only if there is a reasonable chance of controlling the cancer

173
Q

modified neck dissection

A

removes tumor and lymph nodes suspected of cancer but allows patient minimal defect

174
Q

main function of large intestine

A

reabsorb water and elctrolytes

175
Q

mesoappendix suture

A

3-0 chromic

176
Q

appendix base suture

A

2-0 chromic tie

177
Q

appendix stump suture

A

2-0 chromic pursestring

178
Q

breast biopsy anesthesia

A

local with IV sedation

ST (35 decks)

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