EENT test Flashcards
purpose of the iris
regulate the amount of light entering the eye
the nerve that carries visual impulses to the brain is?
optic nerve
what does the anterior chamber of the eye contain?
aqueous humor
procedure to treat retinal detachment
scleral buckling
uses ultrasonic energy to fragment the lens during extracapsular cataract extraction
phacoemulsifier
place where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?
blind spot
what cranial nerve is the optic nerve?
2
transparent anatomical structure known as the window of the eye?
cornea
term to describe the condition when the eyes are crossed?
strabismus
medications that dilate the eye pupils are?
mydriatics
mydriatic example
atropine
miotic example
miochol
contains the vitreous humor, a gelatenous substance which helps maintain the eyeball’s shape
posterior chamber
left eye abbrev.
OS
right eye abbrev.
OD
incision made into the eardrum?
myringotomy, paracentesis, tympanotomy
procedure uses a graft to reapir a perforated eardrum to help restore or improve hearing?
tympanoplasty
an alligator forceps is used to place an ear tube in the tympanic membrane during a myringotomy?
true
describe the surgical specialty that treats diseases of the ear, nose, throat
otorhinolaryngology
general consideration during all ears, nose or throat procedures?
always have suction available
what is the organ of corti known as?
organ of hearing
what is the stapes a part of?
auditory ossicles
structure that connects the middle ear and throat, allowing the eardrum to vibrate freely?
eustachian tube
what cranial nerve is the acoustic nerve?
8
procedure in which an incision is made into the canine fossa of the upper jaw to expose the antrum and clean out the sinus cavity?
caldwell luc
name the 4 paranasal sinuses
maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphendoidal
structure that serves as a boundary between the external auditory canal and the middle ear
tympanic membrane
name the procedure performed to remove a cholesteatoma
mastoidectomy
3 bones found in the middle ear
malleous, incus, stapes
washing hands for eye surgery?
wash powder from gloves, can act as a foreign body
suture for eye surgery
4-0 to 12-0
7 bones to form eye
sphenoid, ethmoid, superior maxillary, zygomatic, lacrimal and palate
extrinsic muscles
functions to move the eye in various directions and helps focus them together
conjunctivea
transparent membrane that lines the eyelide
eyelids
protects the globe and eye from light, injury
canthus
where eyelids meet
lacrimal caruncle
pink tissue mass at inner corner
lacrimal apparatus
produces and secretes tears
lacrimal gland
secretes tears
lacrimal ducts
carry tears from inner canthus to the lacrimal sac
lacrimal punctum
opening of duct
lacrimal sac
drains into the nose
cornea
allows light rays to pass to retina, window of the eye
sclera
white, provides support to the eye
choroid
prevents reflection of light within eyeball
ciliary body
affects accommodation of eye
iris
colored part of the eye
pupil
in center of eye, actually an opening
retina
receives images and sends to brain via optic nerve
optic disc
where the optic nerve enters the eye
macula
yellow spot in center of retina
fovea centralis
containing only cones
myopic
nearsighted
hyperopic
farsighted
anterior chamber
lies in front of the iris, filled with aqueous humor
canal of schlemm
drains excess fluid
glaucoma
increased pressure
lens
reflects light to retina
vitreous body
gelatinous mass, maintains shape of eyeball
what fills posterior 4/5 of eyeball?
vitreous body
optic nerve
carries visual impulses to the brain, 2
oculomotor nerve
moves eyeball and constricts pupil, 3
trochlear nerve
innervates the superior oblique muscle, 4
abducens
innervates the lateral rectus muscle, 6
opthalmic artery
main arterial supply to the orbit and globe
central retinal artery and vein
travels through the optic nerve
both eyes abbrev.
OU
excision of chalazion
hard tumor found on the inner or outer surface of the eyelid
repair of entropian
abnormal inversion of lower eyelid
repair of ectropian
abnormal sagging and eversion of lower eyelid causing excess tearing
blepharoptosis repair
abnormal drooping of upper eyelid caused by lack of muscle strength
lacrimal duct probing
obstruction or narrowing of lacrimal duct
dacryocystorrhinostomy
creation of a new tear passageway from the lacrimal sac directly into the nasal cavity for drainage
enucleation
removal of entire globe within insertion of a round implant into the socket
what is enucleation done for?
intraocular malignance
evisceration
removal of contents of the eye, leaving the sclera and attached muscles intact
excision of ptergium
triangular encroachment of conjunctiva which slowly proliferates to the front of the cornea
strabismus
both eyes are not directed or focused the same object
esotropia
one or both eyes turn intoward the nose
exotropia
one or both eyes turn out
hypertropia
one eye is higher than the other
lateral resection for strabismus
portion of muscle is excised and severed end is re attached at original insertion point
lateral muscle?
too long
mediat recession strabismus
muscle is severed at point of insertion and sutured further back
medial muscle?
too short
repair of eye lacerations
apposed with 10-0 suture or tissue
corneal transplant
thickened or opaque cornea caused by disease or degeneration
what is corneal transplant done for?
to improve vision using tissue donor graft
trephine
used to obtain full thickness corneal button 7-8 mm in diameter
lasik
curvature of cornea is re shaped using an excimer laser
cataract extraction
removal of the lens which has become opaque, restore vision
iridectomy
section of iris tissue is removed
trabeculectomy
incising a flap, creating a fistula
scleral buckling
band is placed around eye and secured with a silicone band
retinopexy
air or gas bubble is injected to press against detached retina
cryotherapy
causes inflammatory reaction
vitrectomy
removal of the vitreous humor
anterior vitrectomy
removing small portions of the vitreous from front structures of the eyes
posterior segment vitrectomy
removal of retained posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctive commonly due to an infection
macular degeneration
loss of vision in the center of the visual field
nitrous oxide
nerve used on middle ear procedures
pinna (auricles)
projection part of the ear, collects sound waves
external auditory canal
directs sound waves
temporal bone
composed of squamous and mastoid air cells
tympanic membrane
eardrum, vibrates when sound waves strike it
malleus
transmits vibrations from eardrum to incus
stapes
transmits vibrations from incus to oval window
oval and round window
stapes transmits vibrations via fluid of inner ear though these membrans
semicircular canals
contain receptors that detect motion
cochlea
contains receptors for hearing