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Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of government under the Articles of Confederation

A

One congress

9/13 votes to pass a law

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2
Q

What powers did Congress have under the Articles of Confederation

A

Could wage war and send diplomats

Had to borrow money

No taxing or enforcement of laws

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3
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Accomplishment under Article of Confederation

Congress established a policy for surveying and selling the western lands

Allotted specific land for education

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4
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Accomplishment under Articles of Confederation

Congress made laws regarding creating new states in the Ohio River Valley

Granted limited self government

Prohibited slavery in the region

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5
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

Farmers uprise against high taxes and debts

Stopped the collection of taxes and forced the closing of debtors’ courts

Forced officials to seriously consider problems under the Articles of Confederation

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6
Q

Interstate Quarrels under the Articles of Confederation

A

Placed tariffs and other restrictions on the movement of goods across state lines

Boundary disputes

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7
Q

The Annapolis Convention

A

George Washington hosted a conference between Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, and Pennsylvania in which they agreed that the needed a convention in Annapolis

Only 5 states attended the Annapolis convention, but Hamilton and Madison persuaded others that a convention was needed in Philadelphia

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8
Q

Who didn’t send delegates to the Constitutional Convention?

A

Rhode Island

They were distrustful of the other states

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9
Q

Father of the Constitution

A

James Madison

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10
Q

Great Compromise

A

Combined the Virginia and New Jersey plans to allow a bicameral Congress with equal representation in the Senate and population representation in the House

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11
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

Counted each slave as 3/5 of a person for the purposes of determining a state’s level of both representation and taxation

Can count slaves, but then are going to be taxed more

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12
Q

What did the Constitutional Congress decide about slaves?

A

Slaves could be imported for at least 20 years longer. At which time Congress could vote to abolish slavery

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13
Q

Commercial Compromise

A

Allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign compromise by placing tariffs on foreign imports

Prohibited placing taxes on exports

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14
Q

Why was the electoral college system instituted?

A

The delegates feared that too much democracy could lead to mob rule

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15
Q

Ratification of the Consitution

A

Needed 9/13 states to ratify

Massachusetts was the first test. Massachusetts had to postpone the vote but eventually they ratified

All 13 states eventually ratified

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16
Q

Argument of the Federalists (ratifying the Constitution)

A

Stronger central government was needed to maintain order and perserve the Union

Emphasized the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

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17
Q

Argument of the Anti-Federalists (ratifying the Consititution)

A

Stronger central government would destroy the work of the Revolution and limit democracy

The constitution did not have any protection of individual rights

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18
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

Persuasive essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

Presented cogent reasons for believing in the practicality of each major provision of the Constitution

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19
Q

George Mason

A

An anti-federalist in Virginia who tried to convince people not to ratify the constitution

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20
Q

Arguments for a Bill of Rights

A

By adding a Bill of Rights Americans were protected from getting their rights removed like what had happened with the British

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21
Q

Arguments against the Bill of Rights

A

Since government officials would be elected by the people, the people did not need to be protected from themselves

22
Q

When did Washington become President?

23
Q

How many members were in the original cabinet?

24
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

One of Congress’s first laws

Established the Supreme Court with One Chief Justice and 5 others

Also established district courts and circuit courts of appeals

25
Hamilton's 3 Financial Propositions
1. Pay off the national debt and have the government assume the state debt 2. Protect the young nation's new industries by placing tariffs on imported goods 3. Create a national bank
26
Debt tradeoff
Gave Hamilton what he wanted in regards to national government assuming state debt Moved the capital to Washington, DC closer to the Southerners
27
The Bank of the US debates
Hamilton argued that the "necessary and proper" clause gave Congress the power to make a bank Bank was still privately owned
28
Proclamation of Neutrality
1793 Against popular opinion, Washington decided to stay neutral since the US was not ready for war Jefferson resigned from the cabinet because of this
29
Citizen Genet
French ambassador that tried to appeal directly to the American people to aid in the French revolution
30
The Jay Treaty
The British had been searching and seizing American ships and impressing seamen into the British navy John Jay worked out the treaty in which the British gave up their posts on the US western frontier The British did not say anything about the search and seizures Made American supporters of the French angry
31
The Pinckney Treaty
The Spanish saw the Jay Treaty as the United States getting closer with the British. The Spanish decided to consolidate their holdings in North America. The Pinckney Treaty gave Americans the right to deposit in New Orleans without paying dues to the Spanish
32
Battle of Fallen Timbers
1794 The US army led by Anthony Wayne Defeated the Shawnee and Wyandot tribes Led to Treaty of Greenville
33
The Treaty of Greenville
Native Americans surrendered claims to the Ohio Territory and promised to open it up to settlement
34
Public Land Act in 1796
Established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices
35
New States created in the 1790s
Vermont Kentucky Tennessee
36
What were the 1790s known as?
The Federalist era since they were dominated by two federalist presidents
37
Election of 1796
Adams vs. Jefferson Adams won by 3 electoral votes Jefferson became the vice president First time parties came into play in an election
38
The XYZ Affair
The French had been seizing US merchant ships, so Adams sent delegates to Paris to negotiate The delegates were rudely asked to pay a bribe just to be able to negotiate a deal Americans were offended by this and wanted a war with the French Adams thought the country was not ready for war
39
Why did Hamilton want war with France?
Thought American victory would allow the US to get French and Spanish lands in North America
40
Congressional Elections of 1798
Since people were mad at the French and supported war with them, Federalists won seats in Congress In order to keep their seats they passed the Alien and Sedition Acts
41
The Naturalization Act
Increased from 5 to 14 the number of years required for immigrants to qualify for US citizenship Benefitted Federalists because most immigrants supported the Democratic-Republicans
42
The Alien Acts
Authorized the president to deport any ailens considered dangerous and able to detain any enemy aliens in times of war
43
The Sedition Acts
Made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the President or Congress Lots of Jeffersonian editors were persecuted This is an issue with the 1st amendment
44
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Tried to nullify the Alien and Sedition acts through state laws. Saying the states were not going to follow the laws
45
Why did the Alien and Sedition acts die down?
1. Federalists lost their majority in Congress and acts were repealed/expired 2. John Marshall asserted the Supreme Court's power to decide whether or not a certain federal law is constitutional
46
The Election of 1800
Federalists lost support because of their taxes and the Alien and Sedition Acts Led to a tie between Jefferson and Burr that had to be broken by Congress Hamilton voiced his support for Jefferson because he was of higher character than Burr
47
Why would Hamilton want to encourage public debt?
Keeps the States allegiance to the Federal government
48
Impressment
Using captured American sailors to man the British Navy
49
Why did the French start seizing American merchant vessels?
They saw the Jay Treaty as a stab in the back to their alliance with America
50
Department of the Navy and Marine Corps created
They were created as a reaction to the Jay Treaty and the French because there was an undeclared war on the seas between the Americans and the French
51
Convention of 1800
France agreed to terminate the 22 year old alliance with the United Stated The US submitted to paying American merchant damage claims???
52
Compact Theory
The idea that the states get to ultimately decide if a law passed by the federal government works for them

APUSH (22 decks)

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