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APUSH > Chapters 11+12 > Flashcards

Chapters 11+12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Most damaging blow to the Federalists

A

Adams refusal to give them a war with France

The Federalists high taxes for war preparations made them very unpopular, considering there was never a war

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2
Q

Whispering Campaigns

A

A systematic circulation of rumor in attempt to ruin someone

Federalists accuse Jefferson of sexual relationships with his slaves

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3
Q

Jefferson’s views on the church

A

Tried to separate the church and the state

New England preachers often accused him of being an atheism

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4
Q

What was crucial in the election of 1800

A

Jefferson won New York because of Aaron Burr

South and West farmers voted for him (Universal White Manhood Suffrage)

3/5 Clause gave the South lots of electoral votes

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5
Q

Who tied Jefferson in the election of 1800? What was the outcome?

A

Burr tied Jefferson. The House of Representatives voted for Jefferson

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6
Q

Importance of the election of 1800

A

Shows a peaceful and moderate transfer of power from one party to another

Jefferson did not completely undo everything the Federalists did, but rather modified and worked with most of it (precedent)

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7
Q

Jefferson’s presidential strength

A

Able to control Congress

Hosted great pell-mell dinner parties. Pell-mell meaning no seating regarding to rank

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8
Q

What held the Democratic Republicans together?

A

A hatred of Federalists

When Federalist party started to decline, so did unity in the Democratic Republican party

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9
Q

Naturalization Law of 1802

A

Reduced the requirement to vote from fourteen years of residence to five years

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10
Q

Albert Gallatin

A

Watchdog of the Treasury

Substantially reduced debt

Jefferson administration

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11
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Should Midnight judges receive commission?

Established judicial review

John Marshall

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12
Q

Samuel Chase

A

Supreme Court justice

Jefferson hated him

Tried to impeach him, but failed because he did not commit a high crime

Establishes precedent that Supreme Court justices cannot really be impeached

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13
Q

Jefferson and the military

A

He wanted to reduce the military

Thought the military facilitated America getting involved in Europe’s wars and made government too powerful

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14
Q

Pirates of North African Barbary States

A

Blackmailed and plundered our ships

Wanted tribute to sail “their” seas

French crisis of 1789

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15
Q

Tripoli

A

Pasha of Tripoli informally declared war on the United States

Jefferson forced to send the small navy to the shores of Tripoli

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16
Q

Small gunboats

A

Jefferson liked these fast little ships and tried to build up the navy with these

They were not very good ships

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17
Q

What is the difference between the French owning New Orleans than the Spanish

A

Americans feel that they can take the Spanish

In order to get the New Orleans from the French they would have to become allies with Great Britain for support. They did not want to do this.

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18
Q

Year of Louisiana Purchase?

A

1803

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19
Q

Two American envoys to Louisiana Purchase

A

R. Livingston

James Monroe

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20
Q

Two reasons Napoleon wanted to sell Louisiana

A
  1. He failed to reconquer Santo Domingo. Realized how costly the colonies were
  2. He thought that the British might beat him on the seas and demand Louisiana. He did not want to give Louisiana to the British because then the British and Americans might team up on him
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21
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

Santo Domingo leader who fought off the French

This leads to the Louisiana Purchase

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22
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

Santo Domingo leader who fought off the French

This leads to the Louisiana Purchase

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23
Q

Jefferson’s conflict about the Louisiana Purchase

A

It did not say in the constitution that he had the power to buy the territory

He wanted the territory to strengthen the American republic

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24
Q

How much did we buy Louisiana for?

A

15 million dollars

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25
Q

Valley of Democracy

A

Name given to Mississippi River Valley after the Louisiana Purchase

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26
Q

Lewis and Clark’s danger

A

Had their horses stolen by Blackfoot Indians

Lewis tried to get the horses back and almost got shot by Blackfoot indians

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27
Q

Zebulon M. Pike

A

Explorer after Lewis and Clark

Found the Colorado Mountains

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28
Q

General James Wilkinson

A

Helped Aaron Burr try to overtake the Louisiana Territory

Abandoned Burr when he found out that Jefferson knew of the plan

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29
Q

What happened to Burr?

A

He was tried and acquitted for treason since he only had intent to start the new colony, not proof (legal precedent)

Burr fled to Europe and tried to convince Napoleon to attack the Americans with the British

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30
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

British naval victory over the French

Showed that the British were dominant on the seas

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31
Q

Battle of Three Emperors

A

French land victory over the British

Showed that the French were dominant on land

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32
Q

Election of 1804

A

Jefferson is re-elected by a landslide over his Federalist opponent after the success of the Louisiana Purchase

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33
Q

Orders in Council

A

British legislation that closed French ports to all foreign shipping

The French did the same thing but to British ports

This meant that America could not trade with Britain or France

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34
Q

The Chesapeake

A

In 1807, the Royal Navy overtook an American naval ship

The American commander refused to give up his men to impressment, so the British shot down the boat

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35
Q

Embargo Act

A

1807

Forbade the exports of all American goods

Jefferson thought this would prevent the Americans from getting into a war with Britain and France and help weaken these two countries

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36
Q

Effects of the Embargo

A

Seriously weakened New England’s trade

Weakened farmers ability to export goods

Illicit trade blossomed in Canada

Made the Federalist party stronger because people hated the embargo

Did not seriously hurt Britain or France because they both had their own means of supporting themselves

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37
Q

Non-Intercourse Act

A

1809

Formally reopened trade with all the nations of the world, except for France and Britian

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38
Q

Latin American and the Embargo

A

Latin America had opened up trade to Europe so Britain and the French were not as reliant on America

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39
Q

New England and the Embargo

A

Since their man industry of shipping was greatly weakened, New Englanders were forced to industrialize

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40
Q

Election of 1808

A

Madison becomes President

41
Q

Madison and Congress

A

He could not dominate Congress like Jefferson could do

Congress often controlled Madison

42
Q

Macon’s Bill No. 2

A

Reopened trade with the entire world

America hoped that the bill would make either Britain or France removed their restrictions. Then America would place an embargo on the other one

43
Q

Madison’s Gamble

A

Under Macon’s Bill, the US gave British 3 months to repeal their Orders in Council and reopen the Atlantic to trade

They did not.

Madison was forced to place an embargo on the British

44
Q

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa

A

Two Indians, “Prophets,” that tried to promote inter-Indian collaboration and unity

45
Q

Battle of Tippecanoe

A

William Henry Harrison attacked Tecumseh’s territory and destroyed the Shawnees

Made the Indians have to make an alliance with the British to fight against the Americans

46
Q

Felix Grundy

A

War hawk representative

Believed in war with Canada to wipe out the Indians

47
Q

What was Madison’s top reason for war?

A

Restore confidence in the American experiment

Show people democracy was still alive and the Americans were still strong

48
Q

What did the Americans due that fritted away their strength in the war?

A

3 Prong invasion of Canada

48
Q

What did the Americans due that fritted away their strength in the war?

A

3 Prong invasion of Canada

49
Q

What did the British and Canadian capture early on in the war?

A

Fort of Michilimackinac

50
Q

Who was the successful British general in Canada?

A

Isaac Brock

51
Q

What was America’s strength in the war?

A

They had a strong navy

The Constitution was a powerful boat

52
Q

Oliver Hazard Perry

A

Defeated the British by ship at Lake Erie

Led the British into Harrison at the Battle of Thames

53
Q

Napoleon and the War of 1812

A

When Napolean was defeated in 1814 so all the British attention was turned to the war in America

54
Q

Thomas Macdonough

A

British were Forced to bring supplies down through Lake Champlain

Then Americans confronted them at Plattsburgh

Macdonough led the Americans to victory

British were forced to retreat

55
Q

Second Fleet of British troops

A

Landed in the Chesapeake Bay at Baltimore (specifically Bladensburg)

Invaders set fire to a lot of the buildings in the Capitol

British hammers Fort McHenry but they could not capture it

Francis Scot Keyes saw this and wrote the Star Spangled Banner

56
Q

Third British attack

A

Aimed at New Orleans

Andrew Jackson whipped the Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Then he fought the British off at the Battle of New Orleans

He raised the spirit of the Americans

58
Q

How did the Royal Navy try to launch its final blow?

A

Launched a naval blockade along America’s coast

59
Q

Tsar Alexander 1

A

Proposed mediation between the Americans and the British so he could keep the British as an ally against the French

60
Q

Which Americans were present at the Treaty of Ghent?

A

John Quincy Adams

Henry Clay

61
Q

What did the Treaty of Ghent due?

A

Not much.

It was basically an armistice

62
Q

Blue Light Federalists

A

Treacherous New Englanders who flashed lanterns to warn the British of American ships breaking the blockade

63
Q

Was the Hartford Convention moderate or extreme?

A

In the end it was very moderate

64
Q

What did the Hartford Convention demand?

A

Financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade

Constitutional amendment to require a 2/3 vote before an embargo, new state, or war

65
Q

Virginia Dynasty

A

Virginian had been president for all but four year’s of the Republic’s quarter century life

66
Q

What happened to the Indians after the war?

A

They were abandoned by the British

Forced to relinquish lots of their lands north of the Ohio River

67
Q

Rush-Bagot Agreement

A

Between Britian and the United States

Limited naval armament on the great lakes

United States and Canada came to share a peaceful border

68
Q

What was the biggest by-product of the War?

A

Heightened sense of nationalism

Lead to a spread of American culture (writers, textbooks, painters)

Revived the Bank of the United States

69
Q

Stephen Decatur

A

Naval hero of the war of 1812

Plunged the Barbary Coast in a nationalistic spirit

70
Q

What led to the need for a protective tariff?

A

British suppliers were dumping their surpluses onto the Americans at low prices, thus ruining American factories

71
Q

3 Parts of Henry Clay’s American System

A
  1. Protective tariffs
  2. Strong banking system
  3. Roads and canals built up
72
Q

What happened when Madison vetoed the Bonus Bill?

A

Individual states were forced to come up with their own internal improvements

Ex: New York built the Erie Canal

73
Q

What year did Monroe become president in?

A

1816

big win for the Republicans

74
Q

What two generations did Monroe seem to stradle?

A

The age of the Founding Fathers

The emergent age of nationalism

75
Q

Monroe’s goodwill tour

A

Cemented his nationalism

Inspected the military on the tour

On the tour he was greeted by “good feelings”

76
Q

Problems underneath the so-called “Era of Good Feelings”

A
  1. Conflict over slavery

2. Sectionalism

77
Q

Who was hit the hardest by the Panic of 1819?

A

The West because the “wildcat” western banks were forced to foreclose

The West saw the National Bank as the Devil

78
Q

Growth between 1791-1819

A

9 new states were added to the Union

79
Q

Who was attracted to settle out west by the Ohio?

A

European immigrants often had the “Ohio Fever”

Also, people whose land was bad from overuse of tobacco fields

80
Q

Cumberland Road

A

Ran from western Maryland to Illinois

Helped people settle out west

81
Q

What was an important technological advancement of the time?

A

The steamboat

People could travel upstream

82
Q

Land Act of 1820

A

Authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25

83
Q

“Wildcat” Banks

A

The West’s own banks that printed cheap money

Fought with the national bank

84
Q

Tallmadge Amendment

A

No more slaves in Missouri

All slaves already born in Missouri are set free at 25

*Came before the Missouri compromise

85
Q

Provisions of the Missouri Compromise

A
  1. Missouri was a slave state
  2. Maine was a free state
  3. No slavery north of the 36º 30’ parallel
86
Q

Election of 1820

A

Monroe is elected to 2nd term

He is so popular that he received every electoral vote except for one

87
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

States could not tax federal institutions

“The power to tax is the power to destroy”

88
Q

Loose constuction

A

Marshall

The Constitution had to be able to be continually applied and adapted for generations to come

89
Q

Cohens v. Virginia

A

Cohens were found guilty of illegally selling lottery tickets in Virginia

Asserted the right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of the state supreme courts

90
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

Congress alone had the control of interstate commerce

91
Q

Fletcher v. Peck

A

Georgia gave land to private speculators

Established the idea that state laws can not impair with contracts

The same idea was applied in Dartmouth College v. Woodward (the original charter must stand)

92
Q

What effect did Darmouth v. Woodward have?

A

Allowed charter companies to slip out of the confines of the government

93
Q

Treaty of 1818

A

Americans were allowed to share the coveted Newfoundland fisheries with Canada

Also fixed vague limits along modern day Minnesota and Oregon

94
Q

Jackson and the Spanish

A

Jackson had secured a commission to fight off the Seminole Indians, but respect the Spanish

Jackson swept across Florida and hung Indians and British

Captured Spanish St. Marks and Pensacola forts

95
Q

Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819

A

Due to Jackson ravaging Florida, Spain ceded Florida

Also got Spanish claims to Oregon

America had to abandon Texas

96
Q

What happened in Europe following Napoleon and the War of 1812?

A

The monarchs joined together to try to fight off democracy

Made Americans worry that they would try to attack them

97
Q

Russians

A

Russian bear had pushed down North America down to the line of 51º

People were worried they would take the whole pacific coastline

98
Q

George Canning

A

British foreign secretary

Approached the United States to join the British in acquiring Latin American territory and warning other European countries to keep their hands off

The British were scared that the Yankees would one day seize Spanish territories in the Americas

John Quincy Adams was incredibly skeptical of this

99
Q

Monroe Doctrine basic features

A
  1. Noncolinization
  2. Nonintervention

Showed that the Americans were taking control of the Western Hemisphere. The doctine did not actually accomplish much.

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