Chapter 19 Flashcards
The importance of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
It made the North sympathize with the slaves
It also made foreign powers not want to support the South
New England Emigrant Aid Company
Paid for Northerners to settle in Kansas in order to sway the polls
Lawrence
Was the town in Kansas where things erupted
Proslavery supporters were shot
Pottawatomie Creek
John Brown’s first strike in Kansas
He hacked 5 proslavery supporters to death
Lecompton Constitution
Presented by proslavery forces
People could vote for the constitution with slavery or without slavery
Even if the voted no to slavery the document still had provisions to keep existing slaves
What does Douglas do during Bleeding Kansas?
He throws away any Southern support he had by fighting for true popular sovereignty to be carried out
How does the Democratic party split?
Buchanan sympathizes with the Northern Democrats, like Douglas, and this makes the Southern Democrats mad
Sumner vs. Brooks
After Bleeding Kansas
Charles Sumner speaks incredibly lowly about Southerners
Preston Brooks beats him badly with his cane
Overall: Further separated the North and the South
Election of 1856 candidates
Democrats: James Buchanan
Republicans: Captain John C. Fremont
Know-Nothing: Millard Fillmore
Captain John C. Fremont
1856 Republican nominee
Used to be a great Western explorer
Accused of being a Catholic which hurt his chances at the presidency
Why did Fremont lose?
Many Northerners were scared into voting for Buchanan because the Democrats threatened to secede if they did not
The North still wanted to protect their business and did not want the South to secede
Chief Justice Taney’s decision
Extra-part of the Dred Scott decision
Not only did they say he was not a citizen, they said that a slave could be taken into ANY territory and legally held there in slavery
Violates the Missouri Compromise and idea of popular sovereignty
What caused the financial crash of 1857?
Inpouring of gold from California caused inflation
Over-speculation of land for grain
Who was the hardest hit in the financial crash of 1857? What do they demand?
The Northern grain growers
They want free farms
Who was the least hit in the financial crash of 1857?
Southern cotton growers
Reinforces the idea that Cotton is King
Which groups oppose free farms?
Industrialists: thought their employees would take the land and leave them
The South: slavery could not flourish on only 160 acres of land
What did the economic crash of 1857 give the Republican party?
Two ballot issues
- Free farms
- Higher tariffs
Who is the “Little Giant”?
Stephen Douglas
Who wins the race for the Senator of Illinois?
Stephen Douglas
Freeport Doctrine
Douglas’s response to Lincoln questioning that popular sovereignty violates Dred v. Scott
Douglas states that no matter what the Supreme Court says slavery will stay down if the people vote it down
How did the senator race help Lincoln?
It put him into national limelight
It made the North like him because he fought against slavery in the debates
It made Douglas make more enemies
Who arrested John Brown at Harper’s Ferry?
Robert E. Lee
Significance of John Brown
After he was hung, people cared about him more
North that it was cruel that the South executed
The South thought the North was fanatical
Split of the Democrats
The Democrats are starting to break apart
Douglas is liked in the North
Breckenridge is supported in the South
“First secession” of the Democrats
left the Democrat National Convention in Charleston when Douglas was the leading candidate
Who nominated John Bell for the presidency?
A middle of the road group that was composed of old Whigs and Know-Nothing Party members
They wanted a compromise candidate
Why did the free-soilers support the Republican party?
Nonextension of slavery into the new territories
Why did the northern manufactures support the Republican party?
Promised a higher protective tariff
Why did the immigrant support the Republican party?
No abridgment of rights
Why did the Westerners support the Republican party?
They were promised a Pacific railroad
They were promised internal improvements at the Federal level
Why did farmers support the Republican party?
Free farms!
Was Lincoln a majority favorite in the election of 1860?
No
60% of voters preferred another candidate. Lincoln just acquired the most electoral votes
What was the immediate reason for South Carolina’s secession?
Lincoln was elected
They felt that the North controlled the Union now
Lame duck interlude
The South seceded before Lincoln became President
James Buchanan did nothing to stop the states that seceded. Many still believed that the tensions could be worked out diplomatically
Henry Crittenden
A lot like Henry Clay, also from Kentucky
He tries to compromise
Crittenden Amendments to the Constitution
Makes slavery illegal above the 36º 30’ parallel
Protects slavery in the South
Does not pass
What is Lincoln constantly trying to protect?
The Border States
He does not want them to join the South
Did Southerners see a problem with seceding?
No.
George Washington had done it
They thought they had the right to voluntarily leave the Union just as they had voluntarily entered the Union
