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APUSH > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Population during post-Civil War

A

Rapidly increasing

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2
Q

Ohio Idea

A

Called for redemption in greenbacks

Keep more money in circulation and inflation higher

Democrats like this

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3
Q

Black Friday

A

Jubilee Jim Fisk and Jay Gould

Bid the price of gold skyward

Grant was forced to release gold

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4
Q

Credit Mobilier Scandal

A

Union Pacific employed an inside Credit Mobilier construction company to earn insanely high dividends for themselves

Congressmen were in on it

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5
Q

Whiskey Ring

A

Robbed the Treasury in millions in excise-tax revenues

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6
Q

Belknap

A

Grant’s Secretary of War who was forced to resign after taking bribes from suppliers to Indian Reservations

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7
Q

Liberal Republican Party

A

wanted an end to the scandals

wanted to end military reconstruction

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8
Q

General Amnesty

A

Passed by Republicans in 1872

Scared of the Liberal Republicans they decided to allow further Confederates to hold office

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9
Q

Economic Panic of 1873

A

Caused by over-speculation of railroads, mines, and factories and too many loans

15,000 buisnesses went bankrupt

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10
Q

Who was hit the hardest in the Economic Panic of 1873?

A

Black Americans (lost savings)

Debtors (wanted more greenbacks)

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11
Q

What do debtors want?

A

More greenbacks so there is more money in circulation and easier to pay debts

Coinage of more silver to promote inflation

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12
Q

Resumption Act of 1875

A

Favored creditors

Further withdrew Greenbacks

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13
Q

Contraction

A

Amount of money in circulation decreased from 1870-1880

Makes debtors mad

Gave greenbacks more value

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14
Q

1869-1891 overall politics

A

Republicans and Democrats saw eye-to-eye on most issues like tariffs and civil-service reform

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15
Q

Voter turnouts in the Gilded Age

A

Higher than ever

Fierce loyalty to parties

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16
Q

Religon and Republicans

A

Tended to be more Puritan

Thought the government should regulate economic and moral affairs of society

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17
Q

Democrats and Religion

A

Lutherans and Roman Catholics

Thought the government should take a less stern view on human imperfections

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18
Q

Grand Army Republic

A

Voted Republican

Several hundred thousand Union veterans of the Civil War

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19
Q

Stalwart Faction of Republican Party

A

Led by Roscoe Conkling

Believed in the spoils system

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20
Q

Half-Breed Faction of Republican Party

A

Led by James Blaine

Believed in Civil-Service Reform

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21
Q

Civil Rights Cases

A

The court declares that the government cannot violate civil rights, but individuals can under the 14th amendment

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22
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Hayes (Repub.) can become President

Democrats get troops out of the South and a Southern transcontinental railroad

23
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

1896

Ruled “separate but equal”

24
Q

Railroad workers in 1870s

A

Struck and Hayes had to send in federal troops

This made people sympathize with the movement

25
Q

Irish vs. Chinese

A

The Irish hated the Chinese because they thought they were taking their jobs

26
Q

Denis Kearney

A

Irishmen who incited his followers to violently abuse the Chinese

27
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

A

Prohibited all further immigration from China

28
Q

US v. Wong Kim Ark

A

14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all Chinese born in the US

Chinese born here could stay

29
Q

Guiteau

A

Shot Garfield

Argued “insanity defense” and ultimately lost

30
Q

Positive outcome of Garfield’s murder

A

it shocked politicians into reforming the shameful spoils system

31
Q

Pendleton Act of 1883

A

Signed by Chester A. Arthur

Made campaign contributions from federal employees illegal

Civil Service Commission to appoint federal jobs based on merit rather than spoils

32
Q

Negative effect of the Pendleton Act

A

Drove politicians into getting money from big business leaders

33
Q

Mulligan Letters

A

Made Blaine look bad in Presidential election of 1884

Were proof of Blaine’s corrupt deal with southern railroad companies

34
Q

Mugwumps

A

Republicans that, following Blaine’s corruption in 1884 election, turned Democrat

35
Q

Which group was crucial in 1884 election?

A

Irish living in New York who voted for Cleveland

36
Q

What did Cleveland economically believe in?

A

Laissez-faire

Business men loved him

37
Q

Grand Army of the Republic and Cleveland

A

The old Union solidiers constantly wanted pensions and money from Cleveland

38
Q

Congress Surplus

A

During Cleveland’s administration Congress had a huge surplus

39
Q

How to deal with Congress surplus?

A
  1. Waste money on pensions and “pork barrel bills”

2. Lower the protective tarrif

40
Q

Election of 1888

A

Republican Harrison (wins)

Beats Grover Cleveland

Republicans known for buying votes in Indiana

41
Q

Thomas B. Reed

A

1888

Republican Speaker of the House

Dominated the “Billion Dollar” Congress

42
Q

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

A

Boosts tariffs to highest rates ever during peacetime

43
Q

Who did the McKinley Tariff hurt?

A

Farmers

They had to buy expensive American equipment

Had to sell cheap in international market

44
Q

Demands of the Populists

A

graduated income tax

government ownership of railroads, telegraphs, and telephones

direct election of Senators

1 term limit for President

shorter workday

immigration restriction

45
Q

Pinkerton Detectives

A

Hired by Andrew Carnegie to crush a strike by steelworkers over pay cuts

10 people killed

Troops had to be brought in

46
Q

Why did Southern farmers not vote for the Populist party?

A

The Populist party appealed to African Americans

The South hates African Americans

47
Q

Tom Watson

A

Populists

Reaches out to black farmers to vote for the populist party

Realized he was getting nowhere because blacks were heavily prevented from voting

48
Q

Grandfather clause

A

Prevented blacks from voting whose grandfather did not vote in the 1860 election

No blacks could vote in 1860 election

49
Q

Depression of 1893

A

Caused by over-speculation and ongoing Agricultural depression

American businesses collapsed fast

Lots of hoboes and soup kitchens

50
Q

End-less Chain Operation

A

Response to 1893 Depression

Exchanged paper money for gold

Drained the Treasury of gold

51
Q

Free Silver Issue and Cleveland

A

Cleveland repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Made a split in Democratic Party between silverites, like William Jennings Bryan, and people who did not want silver currency

52
Q

J.P. Morgan

A

In 1895, Cleveland is forced to go to JP Morgan for a private loan to the US Treasury

Many people saw this as a “sellout” of the national government

53
Q

Wilson-Gorman Tarrif

A

Not successful

Passed by Cleveland

Barely lowered tariffs like Democrats had promised

Had an income tax that was later repealed by the Court

54
Q

Gilded Age Presidents

A

Overall largely incompetent and did not do much to further the nation

APUSH (22 decks)

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