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APUSH > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Population during post-Civil War

A

Rapidly increasing

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2
Q

Ohio Idea

A

Called for redemption in greenbacks

Keep more money in circulation and inflation higher

Democrats like this

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3
Q

Black Friday

A

Jubilee Jim Fisk and Jay Gould

Bid the price of gold skyward

Grant was forced to release gold

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4
Q

Credit Mobilier Scandal

A

Union Pacific employed an inside Credit Mobilier construction company to earn insanely high dividends for themselves

Congressmen were in on it

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5
Q

Whiskey Ring

A

Robbed the Treasury in millions in excise-tax revenues

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6
Q

Belknap

A

Grant’s Secretary of War who was forced to resign after taking bribes from suppliers to Indian Reservations

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7
Q

Liberal Republican Party

A

wanted an end to the scandals

wanted to end military reconstruction

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8
Q

General Amnesty

A

Passed by Republicans in 1872

Scared of the Liberal Republicans they decided to allow further Confederates to hold office

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9
Q

Economic Panic of 1873

A

Caused by over-speculation of railroads, mines, and factories and too many loans

15,000 buisnesses went bankrupt

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10
Q

Who was hit the hardest in the Economic Panic of 1873?

A

Black Americans (lost savings)

Debtors (wanted more greenbacks)

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11
Q

What do debtors want?

A

More greenbacks so there is more money in circulation and easier to pay debts

Coinage of more silver to promote inflation

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12
Q

Resumption Act of 1875

A

Favored creditors

Further withdrew Greenbacks

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13
Q

Contraction

A

Amount of money in circulation decreased from 1870-1880

Makes debtors mad

Gave greenbacks more value

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14
Q

1869-1891 overall politics

A

Republicans and Democrats saw eye-to-eye on most issues like tariffs and civil-service reform

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15
Q

Voter turnouts in the Gilded Age

A

Higher than ever

Fierce loyalty to parties

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16
Q

Religon and Republicans

A

Tended to be more Puritan

Thought the government should regulate economic and moral affairs of society

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17
Q

Democrats and Religion

A

Lutherans and Roman Catholics

Thought the government should take a less stern view on human imperfections

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18
Q

Grand Army Republic

A

Voted Republican

Several hundred thousand Union veterans of the Civil War

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19
Q

Stalwart Faction of Republican Party

A

Led by Roscoe Conkling

Believed in the spoils system

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20
Q

Half-Breed Faction of Republican Party

A

Led by James Blaine

Believed in Civil-Service Reform

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21
Q

Civil Rights Cases

A

The court declares that the government cannot violate civil rights, but individuals can under the 14th amendment

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22
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Hayes (Repub.) can become President

Democrats get troops out of the South and a Southern transcontinental railroad

23
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

1896

Ruled “separate but equal”

24
Q

Railroad workers in 1870s

A

Struck and Hayes had to send in federal troops

This made people sympathize with the movement

25
Irish vs. Chinese
The Irish hated the Chinese because they thought they were taking their jobs
26
Denis Kearney
Irishmen who incited his followers to violently abuse the Chinese
27
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Prohibited all further immigration from China
28
US v. Wong Kim Ark
14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all Chinese born in the US Chinese born here could stay
29
Guiteau
Shot Garfield Argued "insanity defense" and ultimately lost
30
Positive outcome of Garfield's murder
it shocked politicians into reforming the shameful spoils system
31
Pendleton Act of 1883
Signed by Chester A. Arthur Made campaign contributions from federal employees illegal Civil Service Commission to appoint federal jobs based on merit rather than spoils
32
Negative effect of the Pendleton Act
Drove politicians into getting money from big business leaders
33
Mulligan Letters
Made Blaine look bad in Presidential election of 1884 Were proof of Blaine's corrupt deal with southern railroad companies
34
Mugwumps
Republicans that, following Blaine's corruption in 1884 election, turned Democrat
35
Which group was crucial in 1884 election?
Irish living in New York who voted for Cleveland
36
What did Cleveland economically believe in?
Laissez-faire Business men loved him
37
Grand Army of the Republic and Cleveland
The old Union solidiers constantly wanted pensions and money from Cleveland
38
Congress Surplus
During Cleveland's administration Congress had a huge surplus
39
How to deal with Congress surplus?
1. Waste money on pensions and "pork barrel bills" | 2. Lower the protective tarrif
40
Election of 1888
Republican Harrison (wins) Beats Grover Cleveland Republicans known for buying votes in Indiana
41
Thomas B. Reed
1888 Republican Speaker of the House Dominated the "Billion Dollar" Congress
42
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
Boosts tariffs to highest rates ever during peacetime
43
Who did the McKinley Tariff hurt?
Farmers They had to buy expensive American equipment Had to sell cheap in international market
44
Demands of the Populists
graduated income tax government ownership of railroads, telegraphs, and telephones direct election of Senators 1 term limit for President shorter workday immigration restriction
45
Pinkerton Detectives
Hired by Andrew Carnegie to crush a strike by steelworkers over pay cuts 10 people killed Troops had to be brought in
46
Why did Southern farmers not vote for the Populist party?
The Populist party appealed to African Americans The South hates African Americans
47
Tom Watson
Populists Reaches out to black farmers to vote for the populist party Realized he was getting nowhere because blacks were heavily prevented from voting
48
Grandfather clause
Prevented blacks from voting whose grandfather did not vote in the 1860 election No blacks could vote in 1860 election
49
Depression of 1893
Caused by over-speculation and ongoing Agricultural depression American businesses collapsed fast Lots of hoboes and soup kitchens
50
End-less Chain Operation
Response to 1893 Depression Exchanged paper money for gold Drained the Treasury of gold
51
Free Silver Issue and Cleveland
Cleveland repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act Made a split in Democratic Party between silverites, like William Jennings Bryan, and people who did not want silver currency
52
J.P. Morgan
In 1895, Cleveland is forced to go to JP Morgan for a private loan to the US Treasury Many people saw this as a "sellout" of the national government
53
Wilson-Gorman Tarrif
Not successful Passed by Cleveland Barely lowered tariffs like Democrats had promised Had an income tax that was later repealed by the Court
54
Gilded Age Presidents
Overall largely incompetent and did not do much to further the nation

APUSH (22 decks)

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