Chapter 18

Question 1

General Lewis Cass

Answer 1

The father of popular sovereignty

Democratic candidate running against Zachary Taylor

Question 2

Zachary Taylor

Answer 2

Whig nominee for president 1848

Hero of Buena Vista

Question 3

Whig Party in 1848

Answer 3

Wins the election because of Taylor’s popularity

Does not form any strong opinions on slavery

Question 4

Free soil party

Answer 4

Organized in 1848, when they did not like the position of Taylor or Cass on slavery

It appealed to many different groups

Industrialists for a higher protective tariff, farmers who wanted free land, and “conscience whigs” against Slavery

Question 5

Why was the Free Soil Party created?

Answer 5

Destroying the chances of free white workers to rise up from being wage-earning dependents to self-employers

Question 6

1848 presidential candidates

Answer 6

Whigs: Taylor

Democrats: Cass

Free soil party: Van Buren

Question 7

The California problem

Answer 7

Since there were so many people rushing into California for the gold, it had to be decided on whether-or-not California would come into the Union as a free state

Question 8

Texas in 1850

Answer 8

The federal government was proposing to detach Mexico

Texas was threatening to seize Santa Fe and take what is rightfully theirs

This makes the South worried because the South wants slavery in Texas

Question 9

Were a lot of slaves escaping

Answer 9

No. More slaves probably bought their own freedom than escaped

The Fugitive Slave Act was more of a principle problem than an actual problem

Question 10

1850 Congress

Answer 10

Brought together the Old Guard for the last time before they died off

Clay: wants a compromise

Calhoun: wants Southern rights

Webster: give the south a new slave law, keep slavery out of the new territories

Question 11

Webster’s Seventh of March Speech

Answer 11

Argued for the South to get a new fugitive slave law

Keep slavery out of the territories

Helped move towards the Compromise of 1850

Abolitionists do not like because he is giving the South their slave law

Question 12

Old Guards vs. Young Guard

Answer 12

The old want to preserve the Union they fought to create

The young do not care about preserving the Union as much

Question 13

William H. Seward

Answer 13

Congress 1850

Spokesman for many young northern radicals

He opposed concession to the South

Question 14

Who takes over when Zachary Taylor dies?

Answer 14

Millard Fillmore

Signed the Compromise of 1850

Question 15

Second Era of Good Feelings

Answer 15

After the Compromise of 1850, a calm before the storm settled upon the nation

Question 16

Who got the better deal in the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 16

The North

California is a free state

New Mexico and Utah are based on popular soverignity

Slave trade stopped in Washington DC

Question 17

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Answer 17

“The bloodhound bill”

Slaves could not testify and were denied a jury trial

Citizens had to help aid slave catchers

Question 18

Importance of the Fugitive Slave Law

Answer 18

For the first time, the cruelness of slavery was apparent in the North

It ignited the abolitionist cause

Question 19

Why was it good that the war did not start in the 1850s?

Answer 19

It gave the North time to accumulate the material and moral strength that was needed to win

Question 20

Election of 1852 candidates

Answer 20

Democrats: Franklin Pierce

Whigs: Winfield Scott

Question 21

How did the democrats win the 1852 election?

Answer 21

The Whigs were split

Anti-slavery whigs in the North did not like that Scott supported the Fugitive Slave Law

Question 22

What is the importance of the 1852 election?

Answer 22

Marked the end of the Whig Party

Question 23

Sectional vs. national political parties

Answer 23

In order to preserve the Union, want parties that have voters in the North and the South

Sectional parties (like the Republicans) led to splits within the Union

Question 24

United States and New Granada (Columbia) Treaty of 1848

Answer 24

Guaranteed the America right of transit across the isthmus in return to maintain neutral and keep free transit

Question 25

William Walker and Nicagrua

Answer 25

Wanted to expand slavery even more to the South

Self promotes himself the president of Nicaragua

he was shot to death

Question 26

Filibustering expeditions

Answer 26

1850-51

Two expeditions went to Cuba

The Southerners that went to Cuba to instal a slavocracy were killed

Question 27

Black Warrior

Answer 27

an American steamer that Spanish officials in Cuba shot down

Instead of going to war, Pierce negotiated the Ostend Manifesto

Question 28

Ostend Manifesto

Answer 28

Offers 120 million for Cuba

If Spain refuses, then the military will move in

The North is outraged at this attempt for another slave state, so Pierce quickly drops the manifesto

Question 29

Caleb Cushing

Answer 29

Got the Chinese to sign the Treaty of Wanghia

This was the first treaty between the United States and China

Opened the door for American-Chinese trade and American missionaries to pour into China

Question 30

Commodore Matthew C. Perry

Answer 30

Opened up Japan

Signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, which opened Japan up to trade

Question 31

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 31

Paid for a tract of desert land to make a Southern based Pacific Railroad

Of course the North does not like this

Question 32

What does the railroad race lead to?

Answer 32

Since the South was arguing that they were more organized and therefore better suited for a railroad, the North proposed that Nebraska should become an organized territory

Question 33

Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska scheme

Answer 33

Since he wanted to see Nebraska organized to make a train near Chicago, he proposed this plan

Nebraska will be cut in half (Kansas-Nebraska) and decided on popular soverignity whether or not to have slavery

Violates the Missouri Compromise. South likes it because they can get one more slave state. North does not like it

Question 34

Where did the Republican party start?

Answer 34

Wisconsin and Michigan

Hodge-podge party that opposed the expansion of slavery