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APUSH > Chapter 7+8 > Flashcards

Chapter 7+8 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Republicanism

A

The idea that the people submit their personal interests to the common good of the state

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2
Q

Whigs influence on Revolution (ideas)

A

Warned against corruption in the state

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3
Q

Navigation Law of 1650

A

All commerce flowing to and from the colonies could be transported only in British vessels

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4
Q

Royal Veto

A

The British had kept a policy that allowed them to nullify any legislature passed by the colonies

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5
Q

George Greenville

A

Prime Minister that ordered the British Navy to start strictly enforcing the Navigation Laws

Sugar Act

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6
Q

Sugar Act

A

First law ever passed by that body for raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown

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7
Q

Stamp Act

A

Mandated the use of stamped paper and put a direct tax on it

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8
Q

Virtual Representation

A

Every member of paliament represented all British subjects, even those in the New World

Britain’s defense for taxation without representation

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9
Q

Stamp Act Congress of 1765

A

Delegates from the colonies came together to make a lists of rights and grievances

Worked towards intercolonial unity

Did not have a big effect

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10
Q

Nonimportation agreements

A

The American people united together to not use British imports

Forced Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act

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11
Q

Declaratory Act

A

Reaffirms Parliament’s rights to bind the colonies in all matters

Means that Britain keeps absolute sovereinty over the colonies

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12
Q

Champagne Charley Townshend

A

Drunk in British parliament a lot

Persuaded congress to pass the Townshend Acts

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13
Q

Townshend Acts

A

Most important was a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea

INDIRECT tax, but colonists still mad

Paid the salaries of royal governors

Did not produce much revenue

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14
Q

Boston Massacre

A

Colonists angry over the death of an 11 year old boy who was shot earlier during a protest

starting throwing snowballs

Redcoats open fired

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15
Q

Cripus Attucks

A

Runaway slave who was one of the first to die in the Boston Massacre

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16
Q

Trials for Boston Massacre

A

Only 2 redcoats were found guilty of manslaughter

John Adams defended the redcoats

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17
Q

Repeal of the Townshend Acts

A

Lord North convinced Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts because they did not bring in much revenue

Kept the tax on tea

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18
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Master of the rebellion

Organized local committees that spread the spirit of resistance

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19
Q

Intercolonial Committees

A

Virginia was first

Soon every state had a central committee through which it could exchange ideas and information with other colonies

Significant because they disseminated sentiment in favor of united action

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20
Q

What did the intercolonial committees become?

A

First American congresses

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21
Q

British East India Company

A

Facing bankrupcy and had excess of tea

Got complete monopoly over the colonies

Could sell tea for cheaper with a tax on it

American Principle>Price

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22
Q

Thomas Hutchinson

A

Royal Governor of Massachusetts who ordered that the tea ships not clear the Boston Harbor

The “mob” hated him

Led to the Boston Tea Party

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23
Q

Reaction to the Boston Tea Party

A

Varied

Conservatives argued that it was anarchy

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24
Q

Boston Port Act

A

Response to the Boston Tea Party

Closed the Boston harbor

Chartered rights of Massachusetts were revoked (like the town meeting)

(Part of Intolerable Acts?)

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25
Q

Quebec Act

A

Good law in bad company

French Canadians guarenteed Catholic religion and land

Canadians allowed to keep customs of autocracy and no trial by jury

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26
Q

Quebec Act Affect

A

Infuriated much more of the colonies than just Masschusetts because of the amount of land it affected

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27
Q

Continental Congress of 1774

A

Reaction to the Intolerable Acts

Georgia did not show up

John Adams led it

NOT calling for independence

Made Declaration of Rights and The Association

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28
Q

The Association

A

Drafted by Continental Congress

Called for a complete boycott of British goods

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29
Q

Why were British troops going to Lexington and Concord?

A

Capture John Hancock and John Adams

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30
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

At Lexington the minute men probably took the first shots

At Concord the British got their asses whooped

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31
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A

“French gamecock”

Made a General in the army at 19

Example of foreign help that USA got

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32
Q

Continental Paper Money

A

Continental Congress printed this money to pay for the war, since they did not want to tax (touchy subject)

Inflation was incredibly high on it

Essentially worthless

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33
Q

Baron von Steuben

A

German

Whipped the Americans into shape at Valley Forge

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34
Q

Blacks involvement for the USA

A

5,000 had enlisted

Prince Whipple was a famous black military hero

Fought in almost every important battle

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35
Q

Dunmore

A

Issued a proclamation promising freedom for any enslaved black in Virginia who joined the British army

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36
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Still wary of independence

Wanted to keep fighting just so the King would fulfill their grievances

Adopted measures to raise money and to create an army

Selected George Washington to led the Army

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37
Q

George Washington Prior to the War

A

Never commanded more than 1200 men

Never rose above a Colonel in the army

Had great leadership and strength of character

Choose to serve without pay

38
Q

Fort Ticonderoga

A

Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons here

Took the supplies to Bunker Hill

39
Q

Bunker Hill

A

The American Sharpshooters shot down many of the British who decided to foolishly fight

Americans forced to retreat because they ran out of ammunition

40
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

After Bunker Hill

Continental Congress professes its loyalty to the Crown

Sent a mixed message to King George because he had just heard of Bunker Hill

41
Q

August 1775

A

After Bunker Hill

King George officially declared the colonies in rebellion

The colonies were now committing treason

42
Q

Why did the Hessians decide to fight?

A

They needed money

However, some fled once they got to America for gold

43
Q

American reaction to the Hessians

A

Did not like

Did not understand why England was bringing in foreign troops into a quarrel between two “family” members

44
Q

Falmouth, Maine and Norfolk, Virgina

A

Burned by the British

45
Q

Americans Two Front Invasion of Canada

A

Americans thought that if they captured Canada they would get a 14th colony and remove a potential British base

Barely missed success

46
Q

General Richard Montgomery

A

US

Pushed up Lake Champlain and captured Montreal

He was joined in Montreal by Benedict Arnold and they tried to capture Quebec

47
Q

Capturing of Quebec

A

The Americans were beaten off

Montgomery was killed

Arnold was shot in the leg

Armies ended up retreating the opposite way they had came into French Canada, where they were not happily recieved

48
Q

Evacuation Day

A

In March, 1776 the British were forced to evacuate Boston

49
Q

Two southern victories in 1776

A

Moore’s Creek and Charleston

50
Q

Why did Americans continue to stay Loyal to the Crown?

A

Colonial unity was poor

Open rebellion was dangerous

Hung for high treason

51
Q

Why was Common Sense so radical?

A

Paine not only called for independence, he also called for the creation of a republic

Power from the people had never been done before (Greeks not counted)

52
Q

Mixed Government

A

In Britian republican ideals remained faintly alive through the form of a mixed government

53
Q

Why did Conseratives not like Common Sense?

A

They feared the mob

Thought the lower classes would over throw the social order in a republic

54
Q

Richard Henry Lee

A

Virginian

June 2, 1776

Made the motion for independence

55
Q

What did the Declaration of Independence clear up?

A

Foreign aid could be solicited

Patriots who defied the King were officially rebels

Obviously made it clear that they were fighting for Independence

Made persecution of loyalists rise

56
Q

Tories

A

Another word for Loyalists

Named after the dominant political factions in Britian

Most loyalists were old and wealthy. They had success and opposed change

57
Q

Whigs

A

Another name for Patriots

Named after the opposition faction in Britain

58
Q

What type of revolution was the American Revolution?

A

It was a minority movement

Most colonists were apathetic or neutral to the cause

59
Q

How did the Revolutionaries attract followers?

A

They got followers by appealing to colonist’s emotions which the British never did

60
Q

Where were the Loyalists and Patriots the strongest?

A

Loyalists: where the Anglican church was

Patriots: where Congregationism and Presbeyt.

EXCEPTION: Virginia

61
Q

What happened to Loyalists after the Declaration of Independence?

A

They were largely persecuted

Confiscation of their estates

80,000 loyalists were driven away

Some fought for the British, but the British were stupid not to use more of them

62
Q

British base after evacuating Boston

A

New York City

63
Q

Battle of Long Island

A

Summer 1776

Defeat for the Americans where they narrowly escaped through the fog

Retreated to New Jersey where they were not happily welcomed by Loyalists

64
Q

Areas where there were a lot of Loyalists

A

Quaker Pennsylvania

New York City

New Jersey

Charleston

65
Q

General William Howe

A

Instead of finishing off the Americans after the Battle of Long Island, he took the winter off and had an affair

66
Q

Trenton

A

The day after Christmas Washington crossed the Delaware River and surprised a thousand hungover Hessians

67
Q

New Jersey Campaign

A

Military brilliance by Washington

Trenton, Princeton

Gave him the name “Old Fox”

68
Q

Fight for the Hudson River Valley

A

The British sent General Burgoyne down Lake Champlain

Idea was General Howe could meet him in Albany, but this never happened

Benedict Arnold swooped into Lake Champlain and bought the colonists some time

69
Q

What was Howe doing that he did not meet up with Burgoyne?

A

He was capturing Philadelphia

He lured Washington into Philadelphia where he suffered defeats at Brandywine Creek and Germantown

70
Q

Burgoyne Marches Down from Albany

A

American militiamen close in on him

Arnold fights for the Americans here

Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command at Saratoga to American general Horatio Gates

71
Q

Model Treaty

A

Drafted by the Continental Congress

Treaties were not supposed to be military or political based

Purely commercial connection

Idealogical, not realistic

72
Q

British reaction to Saratoga

A

Passed a measure that offered Americans home rule within the empire

But did not give them independence

Franklin used this measure to scare the French into thinking that an Anglo-American alliance was going to happen

73
Q

World War

A

France, Spain, and Holland entered the war against the British (made Britain’s navy not the best)

Forced the British to not count on blockading the coast

the world war spread out the British and they could not focus in North America

American could not have won without this

74
Q

Armed Neutrality

A

Catherine the Great of Russia took the intiative to line up all the remaining European neutrals in passive hostility against Britain

75
Q

Monmouth, New Jersey

A

The Redcoats are attacked by Washington but the results are indecisive

76
Q

Comte de Rochambeau

A

Commander of powerful French army

Brought reinforcements that helped Americans win

77
Q

General Benedict Arnold’s betrayal

A

Plotted with the British to sell out West Point for money and power

By a sheer accident, his betrayal was detected in the nick of time

78
Q

Southern Theatre

A

The British tried to take over the colonies in the South

They captured Charleston

Fought in the Carolinas

79
Q

Fighting in the Carolinas

A

Towards the end of the war

General Nathanel Greene wore out the British by standing instead of retreating

Would loose battles, but won the campaign

80
Q

Indians during the War

A

Most sided with the British

Joseph Brant (Mohawk chief) told the Indians that the British would leave their land alone more if they won

Brant and the British ravaged the PA backcountry

81
Q

Treaty of Fort Stanwix

A

The first treaty between the United States and an Indian Nation

Indians ceded a lot of their land

82
Q

George Rogers Clark

A

Frontiersman in Illonios

Seized British forts by surprise at Ohio River Valley

83
Q

John Paul Jones

A

Most famous officer of America’s young navy

Scotsman

84
Q

Privateers

A

Privately owned armed ships that preyed on enemy shipping

Brought in gold, but took away soldiers from main fighting

85
Q

1780-81

A

One of the darkest moments of the war

Inflation high and supplies low

Government bankrupt

86
Q

Yorktown

A

Cornwallis (British) vs. Admiral de Grasse (French) and Washington

Grasse stopped the British by sea and Washington stopped them by land

Cornwallis was corned and forced to surrender

87
Q

Did fighting end at Yorktown?

A

No. It continued for a year afterwards

88
Q

Three American Negotiators Sent to Treaty of Paris

A

Adams, Franklin, and John Jay

89
Q

Importance of John Jay

A

He realized that the French were trying to coop up the USA

So he secretly created his own deal with London without asking the French (against Congress)

90
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

British formally recongized the independence of the USA

Gave them lots of land in the frontier

Americans were supposed to recommend that confiscated Loyalist property be returned and debts to British be paid (this did not really happen)

APUSH (22 decks)

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