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Chapter 7+8 Flashcards

1
Q

Republicanism

A

The idea that the people submit their personal interests to the common good of the state

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2
Q

Whigs influence on Revolution (ideas)

A

Warned against corruption in the state

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3
Q

Navigation Law of 1650

A

All commerce flowing to and from the colonies could be transported only in British vessels

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4
Q

Royal Veto

A

The British had kept a policy that allowed them to nullify any legislature passed by the colonies

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5
Q

George Greenville

A

Prime Minister that ordered the British Navy to start strictly enforcing the Navigation Laws

Sugar Act

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6
Q

Sugar Act

A

First law ever passed by that body for raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown

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7
Q

Stamp Act

A

Mandated the use of stamped paper and put a direct tax on it

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8
Q

Virtual Representation

A

Every member of paliament represented all British subjects, even those in the New World

Britain’s defense for taxation without representation

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9
Q

Stamp Act Congress of 1765

A

Delegates from the colonies came together to make a lists of rights and grievances

Worked towards intercolonial unity

Did not have a big effect

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10
Q

Nonimportation agreements

A

The American people united together to not use British imports

Forced Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act

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11
Q

Declaratory Act

A

Reaffirms Parliament’s rights to bind the colonies in all matters

Means that Britain keeps absolute sovereinty over the colonies

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12
Q

Champagne Charley Townshend

A

Drunk in British parliament a lot

Persuaded congress to pass the Townshend Acts

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13
Q

Townshend Acts

A

Most important was a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea

INDIRECT tax, but colonists still mad

Paid the salaries of royal governors

Did not produce much revenue

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14
Q

Boston Massacre

A

Colonists angry over the death of an 11 year old boy who was shot earlier during a protest

starting throwing snowballs

Redcoats open fired

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15
Q

Cripus Attucks

A

Runaway slave who was one of the first to die in the Boston Massacre

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16
Q

Trials for Boston Massacre

A

Only 2 redcoats were found guilty of manslaughter

John Adams defended the redcoats

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17
Q

Repeal of the Townshend Acts

A

Lord North convinced Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts because they did not bring in much revenue

Kept the tax on tea

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18
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Master of the rebellion

Organized local committees that spread the spirit of resistance

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19
Q

Intercolonial Committees

A

Virginia was first

Soon every state had a central committee through which it could exchange ideas and information with other colonies

Significant because they disseminated sentiment in favor of united action

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20
Q

What did the intercolonial committees become?

A

First American congresses

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21
Q

British East India Company

A

Facing bankrupcy and had excess of tea

Got complete monopoly over the colonies

Could sell tea for cheaper with a tax on it

American Principle>Price

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22
Q

Thomas Hutchinson

A

Royal Governor of Massachusetts who ordered that the tea ships not clear the Boston Harbor

The “mob” hated him

Led to the Boston Tea Party

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23
Q

Reaction to the Boston Tea Party

A

Varied

Conservatives argued that it was anarchy

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24
Q

Boston Port Act

A

Response to the Boston Tea Party

Closed the Boston harbor

Chartered rights of Massachusetts were revoked (like the town meeting)

(Part of Intolerable Acts?)

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25
Quebec Act
Good law in bad company French Canadians guarenteed Catholic religion and land Canadians allowed to keep customs of autocracy and no trial by jury
26
Quebec Act Affect
Infuriated much more of the colonies than just Masschusetts because of the amount of land it affected
27
Continental Congress of 1774
Reaction to the Intolerable Acts Georgia did not show up John Adams led it NOT calling for independence Made Declaration of Rights and The Association
28
The Association
Drafted by Continental Congress Called for a complete boycott of British goods
29
Why were British troops going to Lexington and Concord?
Capture John Hancock and John Adams
30
Lexington and Concord
At Lexington the minute men probably took the first shots At Concord the British got their asses whooped
31
Marquis de Lafayette
"French gamecock" Made a General in the army at 19 Example of foreign help that USA got
32
Continental Paper Money
Continental Congress printed this money to pay for the war, since they did not want to tax (touchy subject) Inflation was incredibly high on it Essentially worthless
33
Baron von Steuben
German Whipped the Americans into shape at Valley Forge
34
Blacks involvement for the USA
5,000 had enlisted Prince Whipple was a famous black military hero Fought in almost every important battle
35
Dunmore
Issued a proclamation promising freedom for any enslaved black in Virginia who joined the British army
36
Second Continental Congress
Still wary of independence Wanted to keep fighting just so the King would fulfill their grievances Adopted measures to raise money and to create an army Selected George Washington to led the Army
37
George Washington Prior to the War
Never commanded more than 1200 men Never rose above a Colonel in the army Had great leadership and strength of character Choose to serve without pay
38
Fort Ticonderoga
Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons here Took the supplies to Bunker Hill
39
Bunker Hill
The American Sharpshooters shot down many of the British who decided to foolishly fight Americans forced to retreat because they ran out of ammunition
40
Olive Branch Petition
After Bunker Hill Continental Congress professes its loyalty to the Crown Sent a mixed message to King George because he had just heard of Bunker Hill
41
August 1775
After Bunker Hill King George officially declared the colonies in rebellion The colonies were now committing treason
42
Why did the Hessians decide to fight?
They needed money However, some fled once they got to America for gold
43
American reaction to the Hessians
Did not like Did not understand why England was bringing in foreign troops into a quarrel between two "family" members
44
Falmouth, Maine and Norfolk, Virgina
Burned by the British
45
Americans Two Front Invasion of Canada
Americans thought that if they captured Canada they would get a 14th colony and remove a potential British base Barely missed success
46
General Richard Montgomery
US Pushed up Lake Champlain and captured Montreal He was joined in Montreal by Benedict Arnold and they tried to capture Quebec
47
Capturing of Quebec
The Americans were beaten off Montgomery was killed Arnold was shot in the leg Armies ended up retreating the opposite way they had came into French Canada, where they were not happily recieved
48
Evacuation Day
In March, 1776 the British were forced to evacuate Boston
49
Two southern victories in 1776
Moore's Creek and Charleston
50
Why did Americans continue to stay Loyal to the Crown?
Colonial unity was poor Open rebellion was dangerous Hung for high treason
51
Why was Common Sense so radical?
Paine not only called for independence, he also called for the creation of a republic Power from the people had never been done before (Greeks not counted)
52
Mixed Government
In Britian republican ideals remained faintly alive through the form of a mixed government
53
Why did Conseratives not like Common Sense?
They feared the mob Thought the lower classes would over throw the social order in a republic
54
Richard Henry Lee
Virginian June 2, 1776 Made the motion for independence
55
What did the Declaration of Independence clear up?
Foreign aid could be solicited Patriots who defied the King were officially rebels Obviously made it clear that they were fighting for Independence Made persecution of loyalists rise
56
Tories
Another word for Loyalists Named after the dominant political factions in Britian Most loyalists were old and wealthy. They had success and opposed change
57
Whigs
Another name for Patriots Named after the opposition faction in Britain
58
What type of revolution was the American Revolution?
It was a minority movement Most colonists were apathetic or neutral to the cause
59
How did the Revolutionaries attract followers?
They got followers by appealing to colonist's emotions which the British never did
60
Where were the Loyalists and Patriots the strongest?
Loyalists: where the Anglican church was Patriots: where Congregationism and Presbeyt. EXCEPTION: Virginia
61
What happened to Loyalists after the Declaration of Independence?
They were largely persecuted Confiscation of their estates 80,000 loyalists were driven away Some fought for the British, but the British were stupid not to use more of them
62
British base after evacuating Boston
New York City
63
Battle of Long Island
Summer 1776 Defeat for the Americans where they narrowly escaped through the fog Retreated to New Jersey where they were not happily welcomed by Loyalists
64
Areas where there were a lot of Loyalists
Quaker Pennsylvania New York City New Jersey Charleston
65
General William Howe
Instead of finishing off the Americans after the Battle of Long Island, he took the winter off and had an affair
66
Trenton
The day after Christmas Washington crossed the Delaware River and surprised a thousand hungover Hessians
67
New Jersey Campaign
Military brilliance by Washington Trenton, Princeton Gave him the name "Old Fox"
68
Fight for the Hudson River Valley
The British sent General Burgoyne down Lake Champlain Idea was General Howe could meet him in Albany, but this never happened Benedict Arnold swooped into Lake Champlain and bought the colonists some time
69
What was Howe doing that he did not meet up with Burgoyne?
He was capturing Philadelphia He lured Washington into Philadelphia where he suffered defeats at Brandywine Creek and Germantown
70
Burgoyne Marches Down from Albany
American militiamen close in on him Arnold fights for the Americans here Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command at Saratoga to American general Horatio Gates
71
Model Treaty
Drafted by the Continental Congress Treaties were not supposed to be military or political based Purely commercial connection Idealogical, not realistic
72
British reaction to Saratoga
Passed a measure that offered Americans home rule within the empire But did not give them independence Franklin used this measure to scare the French into thinking that an Anglo-American alliance was going to happen
73
World War
France, Spain, and Holland entered the war against the British (made Britain's navy not the best) Forced the British to not count on blockading the coast the world war spread out the British and they could not focus in North America American could not have won without this
74
Armed Neutrality
Catherine the Great of Russia took the intiative to line up all the remaining European neutrals in passive hostility against Britain
75
Monmouth, New Jersey
The Redcoats are attacked by Washington but the results are indecisive
76
Comte de Rochambeau
Commander of powerful French army Brought reinforcements that helped Americans win
77
General Benedict Arnold's betrayal
Plotted with the British to sell out West Point for money and power By a sheer accident, his betrayal was detected in the nick of time
78
Southern Theatre
The British tried to take over the colonies in the South They captured Charleston Fought in the Carolinas
79
Fighting in the Carolinas
Towards the end of the war General Nathanel Greene wore out the British by standing instead of retreating Would loose battles, but won the campaign
80
Indians during the War
Most sided with the British Joseph Brant (Mohawk chief) told the Indians that the British would leave their land alone more if they won Brant and the British ravaged the PA backcountry
81
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
The first treaty between the United States and an Indian Nation Indians ceded a lot of their land
82
George Rogers Clark
Frontiersman in Illonios Seized British forts by surprise at Ohio River Valley
83
John Paul Jones
Most famous officer of America's young navy Scotsman
84
Privateers
Privately owned armed ships that preyed on enemy shipping Brought in gold, but took away soldiers from main fighting
85
1780-81
One of the darkest moments of the war Inflation high and supplies low Government bankrupt
86
Yorktown
Cornwallis (British) vs. Admiral de Grasse (French) and Washington Grasse stopped the British by sea and Washington stopped them by land Cornwallis was corned and forced to surrender
87
Did fighting end at Yorktown?
No. It continued for a year afterwards
88
Three American Negotiators Sent to Treaty of Paris
Adams, Franklin, and John Jay
89
Importance of John Jay
He realized that the French were trying to coop up the USA So he secretly created his own deal with London without asking the French (against Congress)
90
Treaty of Paris
British formally recongized the independence of the USA Gave them lots of land in the frontier Americans were supposed to recommend that confiscated Loyalist property be returned and debts to British be paid (this did not really happen)

APUSH (22 decks)

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