Gilded Age Concepts

Question 1

Old Immigrants

Answer 1

Great Britain

Germany

Ireland

Scandinavia

Netherlands

Question 2

New Immigrants

Answer 2

Italy

Austria

Hungary

Russia

Greece

Polands

Jews

Slovaks

Question 3

New Immigrants versus Old Immigrants

Answer 3

New immigrants are seen as outsiders since they keep many of their traditonal customs

Question 4

Sand Lotters

Answer 4

Unemployed California workers who gathered on the street and sand lots

They attacked the Chinese

Question 5

Contract Labor Law

Answer 5

Permitted American workers to employ foreigners during the Civil War, when all the American workers were fighting, but was later repealed

Question 6

Problems faced by Farmers

Answer 6

bad weather

overproduction of grain leads to failing prices

high rates on railroads

deflation of currency

Question 7

The National Grange

Answer 7

after Panic of 1873, turned into a political party

Munn v. Illinois and Wabash v. Illinois

Question 8

Wabash v. Illinois

Answer 8

States cannot regulate commerce that goes beyond their boundaries

Question 9

National Farmer’s Alliance

Answer 9

Created nationwide network of farmers

Both black and white farmers

Urged higher inflation

Wanted better quality of rural life

Question 10

National Alliance Convention Platform (the farmers)

Answer 10

Direct election of Senators

Lower tariff

Allow silver

Federal warehouses to store crops until market was favorable

Graduated income tax

Regulation of transportation and communication networks by gov

Question 11

Who did the populists first run for president?

Answer 11

James B. Weaver

Question 12

Munn v. Illinois

Answer 12

the government has the power to regulate private industries

the 14th amendment does not apply to businesses in this case

Question 13

Horizontal integration

Answer 13

Build a monopoly

Get rid of competitors

Question 14

Vertical Integration

Answer 14

Control all steps of the production process

ex: produce your own ships to transport supplies

Question 15

trust

Answer 15

monopiles

Question 16

Corporation

Answer 16

Business that is owned by investors with private shares

Question 17

Business government relationship

Answer 17

For the most part, business was left alone (Laissez Faire)

Interstate Commerce Act was the first real law to interfere with business

Railroads supported with land from government

Question 18

Nominees in 1896

Answer 18

Democrats nominate Bryan after Cross of Gold Speech (wants free silver)

Republicans nominate McKinley

Question 19

Campaigns in 1896

Answer 19

Bryan travels around the country on train

McKinley stays at home and fights a front porch campaign financed by Mark Hanna

Bryan is hurt by rising wheat prices and McKinley wins

Question 20

Sand Creek

Answer 20

Colorado militia kills Cheyenne women, children, and men

Question 21

Wounded Knee

Answer 21

Massacre of the Sioux

Question 22

Causes of Little Big Horn

Answer 22

Gold was found in the Black Hills

General Custer’s calvary moves in

Custer and his whole calvary are killed by the Sioux

Question 23

Dawes Act

Answer 23

Split up Indian Reservation land

People thought they were doing good and giving Indians a better way of life

Policy was a failure

Question 24

Turner Thesis

Answer 24

American democracy was formed by the American frontier

The tough spirit of the people who moved out there

Question 25

Social Darwinism

Answer 25

Rich were the result of natural selection in society

Question 26

Social Darwinism and religion

Answer 26

Some preachers said that you had to work your way up and if you were poor that was your fault?

Question 27

The New South

Answer 27

Henry Grady was a big supporter

The New South built more industry

Textile mills were built by the cotton plantation, so the textile industry exploded

Question 28

Gilded Age Economy

Answer 28

Huge gap between the rich and the poor

Expanding Middle Class

2/3 of all workers worked for wages now

Question 29

Problems of Urbanization

Answer 29

Crowded and unhealthy tenement housing (Jacob Riis takes pics of other half)

Question 30

Settlement House Reform Movement

Answer 30

Wanted to better the effects of poverty by providing social services for people in the area

Jane Addam’s Hull House in Chicago

Taught English, early childhood education, music and arts

Question 31

Sherman Anti Trust Act

Answer 31

Prevents conspiracy in the restraint of trade and commerce

United States v. E.C. Knight Co. says that the act can only be applied to industry not manufactors

Often times this act was actually used to stop strikes that interfered with trade

Question 32

Significance of election of 1890

Answer 32

ended the political stalemate

made Republicans dominate

Republicans became a party for industry and a strong government

Question 33

Populist demise

Answer 33

Populist party declined after the election of 1896

Also, James Watson stops trying to unite the blacks and whites together under the party

Nominated Bryan had lost African American supporters

Question 34

Education

Answer 34

Growing support for tax supported public high schools

Kindergarten

Required to go to school

90% literacy rates by 1900

Question 35

Gilded Age Literature

Answer 35

Realism and naturalism

Mark Twain, Stephen Crane

Question 36

Golden Age arts and architecture

Answer 36

Realistic and romantic paintings

Skyscrapers and steel used in architecture

Question 37

chief cause of farm protest

Answer 37

middlemen, trusts, and railroads

Question 38

Railroads formed pools to…

Answer 38

fix prices and divide business for greater profit