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APUSH > Pre-req Reading Quiz > Flashcards

Pre-req Reading Quiz Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

How did people first arrive in America?

A

Glaciers lowered the sea level at the Bering Sea allowing a bridge to form between Siberia and Alaska

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2
Q

Who were the first people in America?

A

Nomadic Asian hunters

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3
Q

Tribe in Peru

A

Incas

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4
Q

Tribe in Central America

A

Mayans

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5
Q

Tribe in Mexico

A

Aztecs

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6
Q

What crop supported native american civilizations?

A

Maize

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7
Q

Pueblos by Rio Grande

A

Cultivation of corn supported them

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8
Q

Pueblos

A

American tribe

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9
Q

Who discovered America around 1000

A

Scandinavians

Vinland

They abandoned their settlements

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10
Q

Marco Polo

A

Indirectly discovered the New World because he put ideas of Asian treasures into European’s minds

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11
Q

Coast of West Africa

A

Portugese set up trading posts for the purchase of gold and slaves along the coast of Africa

Slaves were already traded between Arabs and Africans

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12
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Sailed around Africa and reached India

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13
Q

Columbus

A

Italian and persuaded by Spanish

1492

Sighted the Bahamas first, thought he was in India

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14
Q

Food in the New World

A

3/5 of world’s food supply comes from the Americas

New World food fed Africans leading to a population boom, which was later used for slaves

Sugar revolution in European diet

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15
Q

What did Europeans introduce to Americas?

A

Horses, wheat, sugar, coffee, disease

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16
Q

Old World Diseases

A

Smallpox

Yellow fever

Malaria

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17
Q

What disease did the Natives give the Europeans?

A

Syphilis

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18
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Claimed Columbus’s discovery as Spain’s

Brazil went to Portugal

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19
Q

Vasco Nunez Balboa

A

Found pacific ocean

Spanish conquistador

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20
Q

Ferdinand Megellan

A

His vessel was the first circumnavigation of the globe because he died

Spanish conquistador

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21
Q

Juan Ponce de Leon

A

Explored florida

Wanted gold not Fountain of Youth

Spanish conquistador

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22
Q

Hernando de Soto

A

Crossed the Mississippi River

Spanish conquistador

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23
Q

Encomienda

A

Allowed the government to command the Indians in return for the promise to try to Christianize them

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24
Q

Conquest for Mexico

A

Hernán Cortés got an Aztec translator and approached Tenochtitlan

Moctezuma allowed Cortes in the city

Noche Triste: Aztecs attacked and drove Spanish out of the city, but disease killed the Aztecs

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25
Q

Malinche

A

Aztec translator for Cortes

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26
Q

Mestizos

A

Mixed peoples

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27
Q

Giovanni Caboto

A

Italian

Sailed for the ENGLISH into America

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28
Q

St. Augustine, Flordia

A

Earliest spanish fortress

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29
Q

Pope’s Rebellion

A

1680

Pueblo rebels rose up against spanish and made kivas to overtake Spanish churches

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30
Q

Father Junipero Serra

A

Founded San Diego

Indians into missionaries

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31
Q

Black Legend

A

False idea that Spanish were trying to kill as many Indians as possible

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32
Q

Francis Drake

A

Supported by Elizabeth wanting to raid the Spanish

Plundered his way around the planet and got Spanish booty

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33
Q

Newfoundland

A

England’s first attempt at colonization

Collapsed when Sir Humphrey Gilbert lost his life at sea

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34
Q

Sir Walter Raliegh

A

Roanke Island

Colony mysteriously vanished

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35
Q

Beginning of the End of Spanish Empire

A

Philip II tried to launch the Invincle Armada against England, but English seafarers won

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36
Q

What made people in England want to come to new colonies? In the beginning

A

Wool production collapsed and there was a surplus population in London

Pop. growth provided workers to move

Unemployment and religious freedom made them turn to the New World

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37
Q

Charter of the Virgina Company

A

Guaranteed overseas settlers the same rights as Englishmen living in the mainland

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38
Q

1607

A

Virgina Company lands at Jamestown

Colony was plagued by starvation and death

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39
Q

Captain John Smith

A

Helped whip the colony into shape by making gold searching colonists work for food

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40
Q

Lord De La Warr

A

Took control in Virgina and declared war on the Indians

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41
Q

First Anglo-Powhatan War

A

Ended by the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe

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42
Q

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

A

Banished the Chesapeake Indians from their homelands

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43
Q

Indians fighting Indians

A

Competition over who would sell furs in order to trade for firearms

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44
Q

John Rolfe

A

Father of tobacco

Pocahontas

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45
Q

House of Burgesses

A

Representative self government in Virgina Colony

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46
Q

Maryland

A

Lord Baltimore allowed freedom of worship in Maryland to Christians

Catholics’ haven

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47
Q

Act of Toleration

A

Maryland

Guarenteed religious tolerance to all Christians

Jews and Muslims still screwed

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48
Q

West Indies

A

Place for wealthy sugar growers

Huge slave place because the Africans knew how to grow the crop

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49
Q

Carolina

A

Prospered by developing close ties with sugar industry in the Indies

Barbados slave code

Rice was main export

Carlonia and Florida fought because Florida was Roman Catholic Spanish

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50
Q

North Carolina

A

Poor compared to rich South Carolina

Open minded and deomcratic

51
Q

Georgia

A

Last colony

Launched by philanthropists

Buffer between Carolinas and Spanish in Florida

Least populous colony

52
Q

Why were Puritans mad? Who were Puritans?

A

Mad that in the Church of England all the king’s subjects were church members not only saints

Lot of people from wool districts

Believed calvinism

53
Q

Myles Standish

A

Captain of the Mayflower

Separists in Holland sailed on the Mayflower

54
Q

Where did pilgrims settle?

A

Not Plymouth Rock

Surveyed the land and choose to settle at Plymouth Bay

55
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the majority

Town meetings occurred

56
Q

1621

A

first Thanksgiving

57
Q

Mainstays of the Plymouth Colony

A

Beaver and bible

58
Q

William Bradford

A

Governor of Plymouth Colony

59
Q

Massachusets Bay Colony

A

Formed by non-Separatist Puritans who proposed to establish a sizable settlement in Massachusets (Boston)

60
Q

Where did most people migrate to in the New World?

A

West Indies for money

Even the puritans

61
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of the Bay Colony

Implemented trades like fishing, fur trading, shipbuilding, lumber

62
Q

John Cotton

A

Bay Colony minister who believed in the church;s influence of government

63
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Challenged predestination and claimed that obeying the laws of the church did not guarantee slavation

Truly saved did not need to go to church

Antinomianism

She was banished by the Puritans

64
Q

Roger Williams

A

Thought the church had to separate completely from the government of england. Seen as a threath

Fled to Rhode Island and established complete freedom of religion (even jews)

65
Q

Fundamental Orders

A

Modern constitution that establised a region democrally controlled by substantial citizens

66
Q

Pequot Tibe

A

slaughtered by the English

67
Q

Metacom

A

created a pan-Indian alliance to coordinate assaults on colonies

King Philips War 1675-78

68
Q

New England Conferderation

A

Created by four colonies for defense against the Indians

Every colony got two votes

Basically a Puritan club

First step towards colonial unity

69
Q

Dominion of New England

A

Created by royal authority

Opposed the New England Confederation

“Providing defense” was the guise

70
Q

English Navigation Laws

A

Set by Dominion of New England

Only let the colonies trade with England

Led to smuggling

71
Q

Sir Edmund Andros

A

Leader of the dominion of New England

Repealed town meetings, press, courts

Not liked because with Church of England

Boston mob forced him to flee in women’s clothing

72
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Employed by the Dutch and found New Netherland/Manhattan

Claimed for Dutch West India Company

73
Q

New Amsterdam

A

Later known as New York

Company town

Aristocratic

74
Q

Peter Stuyvesant

A

Led the Dutch to defeat a Swedish attack

Peter was the last Dutch general of New Netherland

75
Q

Duke of York

A

Charles II gave New Amsterdam to him

Named New York

76
Q

Religious Society of Friends

A

Another name for Quaker

77
Q

William Penn

A

Established a sanctuary for Quakers in Pennsylvania

Penn heavily advertised the colony to attract immigrants and locals

78
Q

Quakers and Indians

A

Penn bought land from Chief Tammany and Quakers were tolerant of Native Americans

79
Q

Pennsylvania

A

Quakers

Peace-loving, no military

3rd largest colony after Massachusetts and Virgina

80
Q

Delaware and New Jersey

A

Quaker settlements stemmed from PA that did well

Delaware was Swedish

81
Q

Middle Colonies

A

New York

New Jersey

Delaware

Pennsylvania

82
Q

Characteristics of Middle Colonies

A

More religious tolerance than North and South

Intermediate in size and government

83
Q

Indentured servants

A

Poor displaced English farmers would work in the colonies in exchange for their own land

84
Q

Head Right System

A

Encouraged the importance of labourer

Whoever paid for the passage of a laborer was given 50 acres of land

Now not enough land for indentured servants

85
Q

Nathaniel Bacon

A

Bacon’s rebellion of indentured servants that had to look for land in the backcountry

86
Q

Middle Passage

A

Overcrowded sea voyage that brought slaves to the Americas

20% death rate on the voyage

87
Q

South slave life vs. North slave life

A

Way worse in the south because they had heat and had to crop rice and indigo

88
Q

Gullah

A

Language that blended English and African words

89
Q

Hierarchy of the South

A

Plantation owners

Small farm owners

Landless whites

Slaves

(No lawyers or doctors)

90
Q

New England Family

A

Long life expectancy (70s)

Family life

First grandparents

Early marriage helped birthrate

91
Q

Southern women vs. northern women

A

Southern women had property rights since men died so fast, but New England women did not because the men would live long

92
Q

Jeremiad

A

Preached alarming news and scolded parishoners

93
Q

Half Way Coenant

A

New way for generating church membership

Ended up blurring the line between elect and others

Women became majority in the church now that more members were allowed

94
Q

Salem Witch Trials accussed

A

Most of the accussed were from the market economy and accussed by farmers

95
Q

Scots Irish

A

Scotsmen relocated to N. Ireland and then America

Came to Pennsylvania frontier

Installed distilleries

Great Wagon Road

96
Q

Jayle birds

A

Paupers and criminals shipped to America

97
Q

Physicians

A

poorly trained

bleeding was a common practice

98
Q

Leading industry

A

Agriculture

99
Q

Triangular Trade

A

Merchant sells New England rum in Africa for slaves, sell slaves for sugar in West Indies, use sugar in his rum

100
Q

Molasses Act

A

Passed by British parliament to stop American trade with French West Indies

People smuggled

101
Q

Taverns

A

sprung up on waterways where people gossiped and played biliards

102
Q

Established churches

A

Anglican and Congregational

103
Q

Church of England

A

South

Known as Anglican

Easy going than North

104
Q

Congregational

A

Name for Puritan churches

105
Q

Jacob Arminius

A

Individual will not predestination controlled your fate

106
Q

Who started the Great Awakening

A

Jonathon Edwards

Used fear tactics to emphasize the importance of church

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

107
Q

George Whitefield

A

part of Great Awakening

used theatrical and emotional appeals in his speeches to get new people interested in the church

108
Q

Education in the Colonies

A

New England: most education focused on religion and classical languages

UPenn was first American college free from denominational control

South weathly families hired tutores

109
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack

A

Benjamin Franklin’s witty advice

Franklin was first top rank scientist in America

110
Q

John Zenger

A

Newspaper printer who wrote about New York’s corrupt royal governor

Andrew Hamilton argued in court that he printed the truth

Court ruled in favor of the freedom of the press

111
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A

Leader of Quebec and New France

Friendly to Huron Indians, so Iroquois did not like him

112
Q

New France government

A

Autocratic

113
Q

Courerurs de bois

A

French beaver hunters

Recruited Indians to help with fur trade

Beavers made French fan out across Great Lakes and Luoisiana

114
Q

King William’s War and Queen Anne’s war

A

British colonists vs. French coureurs de bois

Guerilla Warfare

Spain sided with France

British won

115
Q

Salutary neglect

A

English overlooked colonists behaviors

116
Q

Treaty of 1713

A

British colonists got limited trading rights with Spanish Americans

117
Q

War of Jenkin’s Ear

A

British and Spanish in Caribbean

Broke into War of Austrian Sucession

118
Q

George Washinton and Ohio Valley

A

in charge of 150 militiamen sent to Ohio Valley to secure Virginians’ land claims

Fired first shots and killed the French leaders

set Seven Year’s war in motion

119
Q

Intercolonial Congress to Albany

A

Summoned by British

boasted greater colonial unity

Ben Franklin led

120
Q

General Braddock

A

Tried to led militiamen to capture Fort Duquesne

Braddock killed by small French and Indian army

Indians got PA and NC

121
Q

William Pitt

A

British general seized Louisbourg and it fell to the British

Employed John Wolfe to capture Quebec

122
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

End of 7 Years War

French removed from North America

Great Britain dominant power in North America and naval power

Spanish lost Florida

123
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Issued by London made colonists stop moving Westward

British wanted to stop westward disputes with Indians

Made tensions high between Britain and the colonies

APUSH (22 decks)

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