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APUSH > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Who is the king of the whigs?

A

Henry Clay

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2
Q

What is wrong with John Tyler?

A

He is supposed to be a whig, but tends to be more democratic

Believed in state’s rights

In office after the death of William Henry Harrison

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3
Q

Characteristics of the Whig Party?

A
  1. Pro-bank
  2. Pro-protective tariff
  3. Pro-internal improvements
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4
Q

Fiscal Bank

A

Whig Congress tried to pass a Bank of the United States

Tyler vetoes it

Whigs try to pass the fiscal corporation

Tyler vetoes it again

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5
Q

Trouble for Tyler

A

He fought with the Whigs

The Whigs end up kicking him out of the party

His entire cabinet resigns except for Daniel Webster as Secretary of State

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6
Q

Proposed Whig Tarriff

A

Protective tarrif

Another veto from Tyler

The Whigs lowered the protective tariff

Tyler unwillingly signs it

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7
Q

War of Words with Britain

A

British travelers look down upon the uncultured Americans

In travel books the British harshly criticize the Americans

American journalists fire back

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8
Q

Financial Tension between America and Britain

A

The Americans were often in debt to the British

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9
Q

The Caroline Incident

A

The Caroline was an American steamer carrying supplies to insurgents rising up in Canada

Niagra Falls

The boat was attacked on a New York Shore by British forces

Only one American killed, but the press dramatized this

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10
Q

McLeod

A

Canadian

Arrested for murder after saying he participated in burning the Caroline

The British argued with him and they ended up winning the case (not murder)

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11
Q

The Creole

A

British officials in the Bahamas offered asylum to 130 Virginian slaves who had rebelled and captured the American Creole

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12
Q

Aroostock War

A

Near the St. Lawrence River

Lumberjacks from Maine and Canada dispute over who has rights to the Aroostock River Valley

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13
Q

Lord Ashburn

A

Originally sent to America to help with the Aroostock War

Became friends with Daniel Webster

Agreed to compromise the disputed Maine boundary

Britain looses land but gains the coveted Halifax-Quebec Route

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14
Q

What does America luckily get in the negotiations following the Caroline Affair and the Aroostock War?

A

The Mesabi iron ore of Minnesota

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15
Q

Who did Texas have to turn to?

A

In the beginning, they concluded treaties with France Holland, and Belgium

They did this in order to secure defense from the Mexicans

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16
Q

Why did Britain want an Independent republic of Texas?

A

The British wanted to use Texas to turn it against the Americans

British Abolitionists thought that if they freed slaves in Texas the Southern Slaves would rise up

Thought Texas had the potential to become a great cotton producer

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17
Q

What does Tyler deserve credit for regarding Mexico?

A

He got around the 2/3 resolution for a treaty in the Senate to annex Texas

He arranged for annexation by a joint resolution. Only need a majority in both houses

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18
Q

When was Texas formally invited to become part of the United States>

A

1845

After Tyler’s joint resolution

This angered Mexicans because they still saw Texas as their own

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19
Q

What countries had claims to Oregon at some point?

A

Spain, Russia, Britain, and the United States

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20
Q

Hudson Bay Company

A

Britain’s colonizing agency

Fur trading

Based on the Columbia River in Oregon

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21
Q

Willamette River Valley

A

Missionaries settled in this area of Oregon

Saving the soul of the Indians

22
Q

Oregon Fever

A

Multiplied the number of Americans in Oregon

Made the joint occupation of Oregon with Britain ineffective

23
Q

What part of Oregon was disputed in 1845?

A

A quadrangle between the Columbia River and the 49 parallel

Britain wanted the border to be the Columbia River and Americans wanted the border to be the 49 parallel

24
Q

Election of 1844 Candidates

A

Whigs: Henry Clay

Democrats: James Polk (dark horse)

25
Q

where was Polk from?

A

Tennessee

26
Q

What was a crucial mistake in Clay’s campaign (1844)?

A

He did not take a solid stance on annexing Texas

He wrote confusing letters

This took away the crucial vote of the small antislavery liberty part in New York

27
Q

Mandate from voters

A

Democrats thought they had this to take Texas

President Tyler took this as the go ahead to sign the joint resolution right before he left office

28
Q

Polk’s 4 Goals

A
  1. Lower taxes
  2. Restoration of the Independent Treasury
  3. Acquisition of California
  4. Settle the Oregon dispute
29
Q

Robert J. Walker

A

Polk’s Secretary of the Treasuring

Reduced the Tariff of 1842 (the Walker Tariff)

30
Q

Was the Walker Tariff successful?

A

Yes

Was able to easily pass through Congress because the South supported it

After it passed there was a period of economic growth

31
Q

Polk and Oregon

A

He did not want the 54, he wanted the 49

When the British decided to get out before they had to fight a war and offered the 49th, Polk took the deal

32
Q

Why did the US want all of Texas but only some of Oregon?

A

Great Britain is powerful

Mexico is weak

33
Q

Population of California in 1845

A

13,000 Spanish Mexicans

75,000 Native Americans

<1,000 Americans

34
Q

Rumors that led to Mexican-American War

A

Britain was about to buy or seize Texas

The Americans do not want this

35
Q

Boundaries disputed in Mexican American war

A

Nueces River (Mexicans want)

Rio Grande (Americans want)

36
Q

John Slidell

A

Offers money to the Mexicans for California and Texas

Then Zachary Taylor gets ordered to march from the Nueces River to the Rio Grande

37
Q

In the original draft what did Polk cite as reasons for declaring war?

A
  1. unpaid claims (debts)

2. slidell’s rejection

38
Q

When did the Mexican American war start?

A

First shots: April 25, 1846

39
Q

Spot resolutions

A

Introduced by Abraham Lincoln

Wanted to know the precise “spot” on American soil where the shots were fired

40
Q

Why did the Mexicans want a fight?

A

They wanted to beat the overconfident Yanquis

41
Q

Stephen W. Kearny

A

Mexican American war general

Marched from Santa Fe

Joined Captain John Fremont in California

Together with the naval officers they hoisted the California Bear Republic flag

42
Q

Buena Vista

A

1847

Zachary Taylor

His much smaller army defeated Santa Anna’s much bigger but tired army

43
Q

General Winfield Scott

A

After Buena Vista, he took over and captured Mexico city

Moved East from Vera Cruz

Had a poorly trained army and tough terrain but he still managed to capture Mexico city

44
Q

Nicholas P. Trist

A

Secretary of State sent along with General Winfield Scott to sign an armistice with Santa Anna

45
Q

Terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

America got the title of Texas and California

America paid 15 million dollars and 3, 250,000 for claims against Mexican citizens

46
Q

What did radical southerners want to see following the Mexican-American war?

A

All of Mexico captured

47
Q

What does Polk oddly do after the Mexican-American war?

A

He pays Mexico $18 million dollars

48
Q

Examples of the Mexican-American war being the training for the Civil War

A

Grant and Lee got experience there

West Point produced Generals

Naval Academy is established

Marine Corps does well

49
Q

Who established the Naval Academy?

A

George Bancroft

50
Q

Global effects of the Mexican American war

A

Americans were taken more seriously by European powers

Mexico and Latin America as a whole thought that the Yankees thought they were better than everyone else

51
Q

Slavocracy

A

Northern abolitionists thought that the Mexican American war was an attempt to further slavery since many Southerners fought in the war

more connivence

James Russel Lowell

52
Q

Wilmot Provisio

A

Slavery should not exist in any territory captured during the Mexican cession

did not pass

APUSH (22 decks)

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