Progressive Era Test

Question 1

Cities at the turn of the century

Answer 1

Dirty, largely controlled by corrupt city bosses

Growing at Turn of the Century

A main target of progressives

Question 2

Controlling public utilities

Answer 2

The progressives stopped cities utilities, such as water, from being owned by private companies

Now utilities are owned by public companies/the government

Question 3

City Managers

Answer 3

Galveston, Texas was the first to use

City managers are experts in their field

Question 4

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

Answer 4

Prohibited the shipment in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children under 14

Ruled unconstitutional in Hammer v. Dagenhart because it was not Congress’s power to regulate production

Production is different than commerce?

Question 5

Newlands Reclamation Act

Answer 5

1902

Part of Roosevelt’s conservationism

Money from the sale of public land goes to irrigation projects in the West

Question 6

Federal Trade Commission

Answer 6

Part of Wilson’s 1914 New Freedom program

Empowered to investigate and take action against any “unfair trade practice” in every industry

Does not include banking and transportation

Question 7

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Answer 7

Naval officer that said controlling the sea was key to world dominance

Helped stimulate the naval race

Wanted a steel navy

Question 8

War Boards Function

Answer 8

Led by Bernard Baruch, a Wall Street broker

Centralized control on raw materials and prices

Set production priorities

Question 9

War Boards Purpose

Answer 9

America was not economically prepared to go into a major war

The War Boards were supposed to provide order and structure to American manufactoring

Met with a lot of backlash from Democrats and Laissez-faire supporters that this infringed on business rights

Question 10

National War Labor Board

Answer 10

Headed by William Taft

Arbitrated disputes between workers and employers

Wages rose, eight hour workday was more common, and union membership increased

Question 11

Creel Committee

Answer 11

Headed by George Creel

Was supposed to convince Americans to support the war

Speeches, billboards, leaflets and tons of propaganda was printed by the millions

Movies depicted the Germans as Huns were widely popular

Creel aroused patriotism and support for the war

Question 12

Women’s suffrage

Answer 12

In some cases a more militant approach was used to gain support. Notably Alice Paul started picketing.

19th amendment is passed in 1920. Dedicated efforts of women on the home front during the war helped get this passed

Question 13

16th amendment

Answer 13

Congress has the power to levy income taxes

Question 14

17th amendment

Answer 14

Direct election of US senators

Question 15

18th amendment

Answer 15

Establishes prohibition

Question 16

Foraker Act

Answer 16

Gave Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government

Also outlawed cockfighting

Question 17

Insular Cases

Answer 17

The Supreme Court decrees that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos were not protected under the constitution

They did not enjoy full American rights

Question 18

Federal Farm Loan Act

Answer 18

Wilson

Made credit available to the farmers at low interest rates

This was demanded by Wilson’s populist voters

Question 19

US Entry into WWI

Answer 19

Unrestricted German submarine warfare

Zimmerman Telegraph (German-Mexico alliance)

Russian Revolution (Allies are democratic)

Question 20

Opposition to the war

Answer 20

Populist, Progressives, and Socialists were antiwar activists that did not want any involvement in the European war

Question 21

League of Nations

Answer 21

One of Wilson’s 14 points and his most beloved point

Question 22

Why did the United States not ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations?

Answer 22

Republicans thought the League of Nations might decrease American sovereignty and violate the Monroe Doctrine

Question 23

Irreconcilable Republicans

Answer 23

Could not accept U.S. membership in the League of Nations under any terms

Question 24

Reservationists

Answer 24

Led by Henry Cabot Lodge

They would accept the League of Nations if some reservations were added

Question 25

Rejection of the treaty

Answer 25

Wilson gets sick on a tour to promote the treaty

Senate does not pass the treaty with or without reservations added to it

Question 26

Conditions of the Treaty of Versailles

Answer 26

1. Germany looses its colonies
2. French occupation of the Rhine
3. Territories once owned by Germans were now taken by Allies
4. League of Nations established

Question 27

Who specifically started the Open Door Policy in China?

Answer 27

McKinley’s secretary of state, John Hay

Question 28

First Open Door Notes

Answer 28

Establish that everyone should have equal trading rights in China

Question 29

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 29

Chinese nationalists attacked foreign settlements and murdered dozens of Christian missionaries

US troops marched into Peking and crushed the rebellion of Boxers

Question 30

Second Open Door Notes

Answer 30

1. Preserve China’s territorial integrity

2. Safeguard equal and impartial trade in China

Question 31

Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Exposition Address

Answer 31

Argued that blacks needs of education and economic progress were the first priority

Concentrate on learning industrial skills and establishing a strong economic base

From here they could gain social and political equality

Question 32

W.E.B. DuBois’s Niagara Movement

Answer 32

Feels that you need political and social rights before you can gain economic equality

The Niagara Movement later became the NAACP

Militant

Question 33

Urban migration

Answer 33

African Americans started moving out of the South and northward to cities

They left because of:

1. Southern race relations were bad
2. Crops were not productive
3. Job opportunities in factories during WWI

Question 34

War by Act of Germany

Answer 34

Despite some believes that we entered WWI due to business reasons, business was thriving off of staying neutral

We entered chiefly because of German attacks on the sea, Zimmerman note, and Russia becoming czar free

Question 35

Sussex Pledge

Answer 35

The Germans pledge not to sink anymore American ships without warning

Germans eventually break this and we go to war with them

Question 36

National Defense Act

Answer 36

Wilson prepares for war