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Civil War/Reconstruction Test Flashcards

1
Q

Kansas Nebraska Act

A

1854

Stephen Douglas proposes that the Nebraska territory be split into Kansas and Nebraska

Vote based on popular sovernigty

Southern Democrats liked this because it gave them the opportunity to have a slave state above the 36º 30’

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2
Q

Sharecroppers

A

Whites gave tenants seeds and tools, but then were required to give half their harvest back to the landowner

Did not own land

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3
Q

Tenant Farmers

A

Better off than sharecroppers

Actually get paid, don’t have to give as much back to the landowner

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4
Q

The Trent Affair

A

The Confederates captured two British prisoners

The British were mad

Lincoln realized then he did not want another war to deal will, so he dropped the issue

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5
Q

The Alabama

A

A Confederate ship built and manned by the British

This ship destroyed a lot of Union ships and sailed internationally

The Union finally destroyed it

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6
Q

Charles Francis Adams and Henry Adams

A

Diplomats that are crucial in keeping Britain out of the war

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7
Q

Laird Rams

A

Very powerful ships that were supplied by the British to the Confederates

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8
Q

Maximillian

A

Placed in charge of Mexico by Napoleon III

Gets killed by the Mexicans

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9
Q

Emancipation Proclamation and border states

A

The emancipation proclamation did not apply to the border states because Lincoln does not want to loose them

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10
Q

Advantages of the Union

A
  • better food
  • better rails/roads
  • larger population
  • more factories
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11
Q

Advantages of the South

A
  • can fight defensively
  • naturally raised to fight
  • strong military leadership
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12
Q

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan

A

Amnesty to all willing to take an oath of loyalty

Southerners promise to support the US and anti-slavery

1/10 of voters have to take an oath of allegiance for states to be recognized

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13
Q

Radical Republican’s Reconstruction Plans

A

Majority of voters in secessionist state had to take an oath of loyalty

Individual state governments had to outlaw slavery

Former Confederate leaders were banned from being in state legislations

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14
Q

Andrew Johnson’s Plan

A

Grant pardons to all Southerners who took loyalty oath, except Confederate leaders

Confederates states had to revoke their Confederate constitutions and outlaw slavery

Hurts wealthy confederates, because Johnson was never wealthy

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15
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Hayes becomes president if:
1. he immediately ends support of Republicans in the South (withdraws federal troops from South)

  1. Supports the building of a Southern transcontinental railroad
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16
Q

Specific Black codes

A
  1. prohibited blacks from renting land
  2. made freedmen sign work contracts
  3. Prohibited blacks from testifying against whites in court
  4. blacks had a curfew
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17
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A

Dred Scott was living in a free state after his master died

Court rules that he is not a citizen and thus cannot even stand trial

Since slaves are property they can be taken into any state, free or not

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18
Q

Who was the Chief Justice in the Dred Scott Decision?

A

Roger B. Taney

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19
Q

5 Points of the Compromise of 1850

A
  1. Admit California as a free state
  2. Make Utah and New Mexico open to popular sovereignty
  3. Federal government assumes Texas’s public debt of 10 million
  4. Ban the slave trade in D.C.
  5. Adopt a harsh new Fugitive Slave Law
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20
Q

Impending Crisis of the South

A

A book written by Southerner, Hinton Helper

Tried to show Southerners that slavery hurt them economically

Slavery prevented them from industrilizing

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21
Q

National Banking Acts

A

Created a national currency

Used bonds

Started to unify the banking system

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22
Q

What was the primary way to finance the war?

A

Bonds

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23
Q

What was new during the Civil War? (economically)

A

The income tax

24
Q

Economy of the Confederacy

A

Had huge inflation

Had a “blueback” currency that was greatly inflated

25
Jay Cook
Private banker in charge of funding the war and regulating the bonds
26
Greenbacks
A Union type of currency Was attached to the debt of the country, so the value of greenbacks greatly fluctuated
27
Know-Nothing Party
Nativists Did not like immigrants
28
International effects of the Emancipation proclamation
Made the war into a moral issue Europeans support the Union because they had already abolished slavery
29
Motivations of Radical Republicans
believe in equality for all men want to keep political power (need blacks to vote) want to punish the South
30
Harper's Ferry
John Brown takes over an arsenal in Virginia and tries to arm slaves and get them to uprise Robert E. Lee arrests him
31
Effects of Harper's Ferry
The South thinks all abolitionists are crazy The North thinks the South is unfair for hanging John Brown
32
3 Parts of the Union's war strategy
1. Blockade the coast 2. Control the Mississippi River 3. Capture Richmond
33
Reasons that the South was defeated
Lack of manpower Sherman and Grant wage total war (burn Georgia) Gettysburg was the turning point of the war
34
The Freedmen's Bureau
Set up for one year under the War Department Gives food, education, clothing, and housing to those in need (black and white)
35
Who headed the Freedmen's Bureau
Oliver Ottis Howard
36
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery
37
14th Amendment
Black Americans citizens of the United States No citizen can loose their rights without due process of law Prevented Confederate officials from holding office States that took away voting rights from any of its citizens would loose seats in Congress
38
Redeemer
Democrats that re-take political power in the South
39
The Morrill Tariff Act
Raised tariffs to fund the war and protect American industry
40
The Pacific Railway Act
Authorized the building of a transcontinental railway in the North
41
Midterm elections of 1866
Republicans gain a 2/3 majority in Congress Allows them to override Johnson's veto
42
Tenure of Office Act
Passed by Radical Republican Congress as a reason to impeach Andrew Johnson Said that the president could not remove a federal or military officer without the approval of Congress When Andrew Johnson dismissed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, the Radical Republicans impeached him
43
1868 election
Republican: Grant (winner) Democrat: Horatio Seymour Blacks voting was needed to elect Grant, despite his popularity
44
15th Amendment
All citizens have the right to vote despite race, color, or previous condition of servitude
45
Homestead Acts
Gave an applicant land in the West as long as you never took up arms against the Union (no Confederates) Also, introduced agriculture colleges
46
Confiscation Act
Allowed "property" to be stolen during the war The Union used this to rescue slaves
47
Women's roles
They have more opportunities in industry and as nurses during the war Blackwell is the first female doctor
48
Wade-Davis Bill
Passed by Radical Republicans Requires 50% of voters to take the loyalty oath Lincoln used the pocket veto to block this
48
Wade-Davis Bill
Passed by Radical Republicans Requires 50% of voters to take the loyalty oath Lincoln used the pocket veto to block this
49
Swing around the Circle
Johnson tries to attack Congressional opponents before the 1866 mid year election All it did was make him look bad and promote Republican leaders
50
Leading Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumer
51
Report of the Joint Committee
1866 Republican congress issues a report that declares Congress has the power to determine which states can re-enter the Union
52
Carpetbaggers
Northerners that migrate to the South during Reconstruction
53
Scalawags
Southern republicans
54
The Amnesty Act of 1872
Removed restrictions on ex-Confederates, except the high ranking ones Allowed Southern Democrats to gain seats in Congress
55
The Election of 1876
Republicans: Rutherford B. Hayes Democrats: Samuel J. Tilden Tilden won the popular vote, but did not get enough electoral votes without S. Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana allowed to vote Led to the compromise of 1877

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