Terms Unit 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Basic Tissue Types

A

Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Muscle

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2
Q

Tissue (def)

A

Collection of cells & intercellular substances organized to perform particular function

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3
Q

Dog (scientific name)

A

Canis familiaris

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4
Q

Cat (scientific name)

A

Felis catus

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5
Q

Pig (scientific name)

A

Sus scrofa domestica

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6
Q

Sheep (scientific name)

A

Ovis aries

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7
Q

Goat (scientific name)

A

Capra hircus

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8
Q

Horse (scientific name)

A

Equus caballus

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9
Q

Ox (scientific name)

A

Bos taurus

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10
Q

Chicken (scientific name)

A

Gallus gallus

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11
Q

How does nucleus stain and why?

A

Darker since more acidic
“basophilic”

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12
Q

Chromatin (types & structure)

A

Heterochromatin: condensed, inactive
Euchromatin: dispersed, active

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13
Q

Nucleolus function & structure

A

F: making ribosomal RNAs
S: nuclear organized=lighter stain, central

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14
Q

Cell membrane (plasmalemma) function & structure

A

Function: selective barrier, selective transport, sensor
Structure: lipids- barrier to water, messengers
proteins- enzymes, channel proteins, receptors
carbohydrate- glycocalyx

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15
Q

Endocytosis Types

A

Pinocytosis: non-selective, takes in volume from outside (“cell drinking”)
Receptor-mediated: selective, binding to receptors=transport
Phagocytosis: membrane surrounds & enclosed in cyto

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16
Q

Exocytosis

A

secretion

17
Q

Autophagy

A

cell rids of own debris/components
“recycling”

18
Q

Rough ER

A

Function: synthesize proteins via ribosomes
Abundant in secretory cells

19
Q

Smooth ER

A

proteins transported here, detoxification, metabolism
Ca2+

20
Q

Lysosomes (primary & secondary)

A

Function: cellular digestion
Primary: before fusion of material
Secondary: digestive material present/fused

21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Function: make ATP (oxidation cycles)
Structure: inner/outer membrane, matrix (citric acid & fatty acid oxid), cristae (folds)

22
Q

3 Types of Cytoskeleton Filaments

A

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments

23
Q

Microfilaments

A

Actin
Function for endo/exocytosis, microvilli movement, cell migration, structural framework

24
Q

Microtubules

A

Tubulin protein subunits
Function: cell shape, intracell support, motility (cilia, flagella), organizing centers (basal bodies, centrioles), bending (axoneme)

25
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Function: mechanical strength, nuclear structure
specific to cell-type
Mark for tumor if metastasizes
(example- lamins)

26
Q

Cytoplasmic Inclusions

A

less active than organelles
Lipid droplets
Carbohydrate accumulations
Melanin
Residual bodies

27
Q

Lipid droplets

A

Material deposits for later use (inactive)
throughout cyto
Used for synthesis of steroid hormones
Many in SER!

28
Q

Carbohydrate accumulations

A

Glycogen release energy during exercise

29
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment that partly shades nuclei

30
Q

Residual bodies

A

cells active at breaking down accumulated materials
Create lipfusin granules

31
Q

Golgi complex (+ how it stains)

A

Package/send proteins
Lighter/less stained because more active in cell

32
Q

Which cell structures are basophilic?

A

Nucleus
Neuron

33
Q

Epithelium Function

A

Protection
Absorption
Secretory

34
Q

Epithelium structure

A

tightly fit, sealed apical ends, little intercell space, avascular, free surface, attached to BM

35
Q

Epithelium derivation & location

A

Ectoderm –> skin, nervous tissue
Endoderm –> GI, respiratory
Mesoderm –> circulatory, muscle