Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microanatomy > Exam 2: Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Exam 2: Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Which embryonic layer is nervous tissue derived from?

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cells from ectoderm that give rise to diverse variety of cells (especially nervous tissue)

A

Neural Crest Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are gray/white matter located in spinal cord?

A

Gray matter- inside
White matter- outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nissl substance

A

dark purple, clumped material in neuron cell bodies

made up of ribosomes & RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon Hillock

A

where axon leaves cell body
absence of Nissl substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

between two neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)
no myelin –> saltatory conduction of AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endoneurium

A

layer of collagenous CT around individual nerve fibers (or axons)

reticular fibers (collagen type III)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurokeratin

A

protein of myelin sheath left after histo processing
striations/lines around axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Perineurium

A

DICCT lined by perineural epithelioid cells and surrounds nerve fascicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plexus

A

branching network of intersecting nerves

nerve fibers + cell bodies of ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myenteric Plexus

A

between intestine muscle layers
pale stain
function for motility / secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Submucosal Plexus

A

in submucosa of tubular organs
function for motility / secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Free Nerve Endings

A

unsheathed terminal branches of myelinated axons

pain/temperature receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Merkel’s cells

A

nonencapsulated tactile corpuscles
mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do Merkel’s cells appear on microscopy?

A

colorless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Merkel’s cells location

A

stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Encapsulated Tactile Corpuscles

A

capsule with intertwining axon in neurolemmocyte cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Location of Encapsulated Tactile Corpuscles

A

below epithelium within connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lamellated Corpuscles (Pacinian Corpuscles)

A

receptors sense pressure/vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tactile Corpuscle

A

nerve endings
mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neuromuscular Spindles

A

stretch-activated receptors

regulate muscle tone, posture, movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two fiber types in neuromuscular spindles

A

Intrafusal nuclear chain fibers

nuclear bag fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nuclear Bag Fibers

A

fiber in neuromuscular spindles

dilated middle zone w/ nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nuclear Chain Fibers

A

fiber in neuromuscular spindles

small w/ center nuclei chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Motor End Plate
neuron terminals from neuron to muscle fiber
26
Neuroglia
supportive cells in CNS
27
Origin of neuroglia
neuroectoderm EXCEPT microglia (mesoderm)
28
Which glial cell is most abdunant?
astrocyte
29
Where are astrocytes found?
gray matter = protoplasmic astrocyte white matter = fibrous astrocyte
30
Where are oligodendrocytes found?
white & gray matter of CNS
31
Microglia
type of neuroglia small/elongated nuclei | dense chromatin phagocytic (macrophages) main immune defense in CNS
32
What type of stain is the only method to show cell processes in microscopy?
heavy metal stain (gold or silver)
33
Fibrous Astrocytes
astrocytes in white matter insert between myelinated axons
34
What structure is nearby most astrocytes?
capillary / blood vessel
35
What type of astrocytes are found in the gray matter in brain?
protoplasmic astrocytes
36
What type of astrocytes are found in the white matter of the brain?
fibrous astrocytes
37
Astrocyte function
metabolic role in regulationing ions (K+) "scarring cells" fill areas after brain injury foot processes form glial limiting membrane
38
Oligodendrocytes
neuroglial cells responsible for myelination of axons in white matter (in CNS)
39
Neurolemmocytes
aka "schwann cells" neuroglial cells responsible for myelination of axons in PNS
40
Microglia
phagocytic / macrophages immune defense
41
Ependymal cells
type of neuroglial cell line central canal of spinal cord + brain ventricles separate nervous tissue from CSF
42
What tissue type are ependymal cells made of?
Simple Columnar Epithelium some w/ cilia / microvilli
43
Tanycytes
modified ependymal cells with long processes + apical CSF portion
44
What is the function of tanycytes?
facilitate passage of hypothalamic-regulating hormones from CSF --> hypophyseal portal circulation
45
Where are gray / white matter located in cerebrum/cerebellum?
white matter- inside gray matter- outside
46
Layers of the Cerebellum
Molecular layer Purkinje layer Granular layer
47
Purkinje cells
make up purkinje layer in cerebellum extend into molecular layer and receives excitatory impulses from cerebral cortex
48
Cerebellum function
modulate/organize motor impulses from cerebrum regulate/coordinate movements of muscle groups
49
Meninges
connective tissue layers that surround brain & spinal cord
50
Meninges Layers
dura mater arachnoid pia mater
51
Dura Mater
outermost meninges layer under bone of skull DICCT lined w/ perineural epithelioid cells
52
Arachnoid
middle meninges layer collagen fibers + CT trabeculae
53
Pia Mater
innermost meninges layer tightly adhere to brain/spinal cord
54
Subarachnoid space
space where arachnoid trabeculae extend filled with CSF
55
Choroid Plexus
vascular structure projecting into brain ventricles covered with modified ependymal cells produces CSF
56
What makes up the CNS?
brain + spinal cord
57
What makes up PNS?
nerves, ganglia, receptors
58
Function of CNS
interconnection & processing
59
Function of PNS
sensory input (afferent) from receptors in skin, muscle, viscera motor output (efferent) to viscera + muscle
60
Somatic NS
voluntary motor conscious sensory
61
Visceral NS
involuntary motor unconscious sensory
62
Autonomic Nervous System
parts of CNS + PNS that are motor (efferent) to visceral activities
63
Two divisions & locations of ANS
sympathetic: thoracolumbar parasympathetic: craniosacral
64
CNS dervied from...
neural tube
65
PNS derived from...
neural crest cells
66
Multipolar neurons
most of CNS, autonomic ganglia of PNS off-center nuclei, multiple dendrites
67
Bipolar neurons
spiral ganglion of cochlea, retina, sensory info --> CNS
68
Pseudounipolar neurons
cranial and spinal sensory ganglia (dorsal root) sensory into --> CNS central nuclei/large soma
69
Unipolar neurons
similar to pseudounipolar
70
Interneurons
between other neurons
71
Soma or Perikaryon
neuron cell body support cell processes over loss distances
72
Neurofilaments
neuron-specific intermediate filaments in neuron cell body support rapid transport & structural support
73
Anterograde transport
molecules/organelles from cell body --> axon terminal use motor protein kinesin
74
Retrograde transport
back to cell body (of neuron) for degrading lysosomes use motor protein dynein
75
Synapse Classifications by where contact occurs
axodendritic axosomatic axoaxonic
76
Axodendritic synapse
contact on dendrites
77
Axosomatic synapse
contact on cell body of postsynaptic neuron
78
Axoaxonic synapse
contact on terminals of another axon
79
Ganglia
group of cell bodies within nerve outside CNS
80
Sensory/Dorsal Root Ganglia
pseudounipolar neurons cell body at periphery (organized) central nuclei heavily myelinated axons cell bodies encapsulated by satellite cells & CT
81
Autonomic Ganglia
multi-unipolar neurons disorganized appearance thinly myelinated or unmyelinated axons incomplete capsule around cell body made of satellite cells "weblike" nerve fibers/axons
82
What tissue type is a ganglion capsule made of?
Dense Irregular Collagenous CT
83
Intramural Ganglia
in wall/connective tissue of organs part of PSNS of ANS
84
Glial Limiting Membrane
separates CT of pia mater from nerve cells formed by foot processes of astrocytes
85
Glial fibrillary acidic proteins
intermediate filaments in glial cells
86
List of Glial Cells in CNS
astrocytes oligodendrocytes ependymal cells microglia
87
List of Glial Cells in PNS
satellite cells neurolemmocytes (schwann cells)
88
Satellite cells
form capsule around pseudounipolar neuron cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia more less complete capsule around multipolar neuron of autonomic ganglia
89
Myelin Sheath
multilayered myelinating cell membrane around axon (lots of lipids)
90
Mesaxon
where edges of schwann cell come together around axon
91
Unmyelinated nerve fibers (PNS)
aka axons in PNS in autonomic ganglia axons protected by schwann cells but plasmalemma specialized layers of myelin not formed
92
Unmyelinated nerve fibers (CNS)
not sheathed at all, "free fibers"
93
Lamellar Corpuscle location
skin, tendons, joints, periosteum of bone, pancreas, mesentery
94
Encapsulated Tactile Corpuscle location
dermis of hairless skin, lips, nose
95
Epineurium
CT around nerve and fascicles (bundles)
96
Layers of Choroid Plexus
outer: loose CT continuous w/ pia mater inner: simple cuboidal epithelium continuous w/ ependymal cells
97
What's in the white matter of spinal cord?
myelinated nerve fibers neuroglial cells
98
Somatic
voluntary motor conscious sensory
99
Visceral
involuntary motor unconscious sensory
100
ANS
parts of CNS & PNS that are motor (efferent) to visceral activities (smooth muscle, gland secretion, cardiac muscle)
101
Sympathetic NS location
thoracolumbar
102
Parasympathetic NS location
craniosacral

Microanatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions