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Microanatomy > Male Reproductive System (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

The testis exocrine function is to produce _______ and the endocrine function is to produce _______.

A

spermatozoa
testosterone

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2
Q

The testis has a tunica ______ made of what 2 layers?

A

vaginalis
visceral lamina + parietal lamina

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3
Q

In the stroma of the testis, the _____ _____ covers the testis and the epididymis.

A

tunica albuginea

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4
Q

Tissue type of tunica albuginea of testis

A

DICCT (appears white)

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5
Q

Term for the branches of the testicular A & V that penetrate deep into the testis

A

Tunica vasculosa

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6
Q

_____ connects the tunica albuginea with the mediastinum in the testis and divide the testis into _____.

A

septula
lobules

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7
Q

_______ is located within the mediastinum of the testis.

A

rete testis

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8
Q

Term for the branches of the testicular A & V that penetrate deep into the testis or remain superficial

A

Tunica vasculosa

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9
Q

Term for the functional channels essential for getting the sperm out of the testis and adding fluid for nourishment

A

mediastinum

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10
Q

Main structures that make up the parenchyma of the testis

A

convoluted seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

Function of convoluted seminiferous tubules of the testis

A

form germ cells into spermatozoa

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12
Q

Convoluted seminiferous tubules are lined by _____________.

A

spermatogenic epithelium

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13
Q

Where does the formation of the male germ cells occur?

A

spermatogenic epithelium

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14
Q

The straight seminiferous tubules of the testis are only prominent in the ______.

A

stallion

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15
Q

The initial portion of the straight seminiferous tubules are only lined by ________.

A

sertoli cells

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16
Q

Function of sertoli cells

A

act as valve to prevent sperm backing up

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17
Q

After the initial portion of sertoli cells in the straight seminiferous tubules of the testis, then it is lined by ___________.

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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18
Q

Function of rete testis

A

add fluid to spermatozoa

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19
Q

What cell type is found in the efferent ductules of the testis?

A

spermatogenic cells

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20
Q

Which cells in the testis have long, elliptical nuclei with actin filaments in the convoluted seminiferous tubules?

A

myoid (peritubular) cells

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21
Q

Function of myoid cells

A

actin filaments contract to release sperm from convoluted –> straight tubules

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22
Q

Term for entire process from spermatogonia –> spermatozoa

A

spermatogenesis

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23
Q

3 phases of spermatogenesis

A
  1. spermatocytogenesis
  2. meiosis
  3. spermiogenesis
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24
Q

What is the product of spermatocytogenesis?

A

primary spermatocyte

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25
The primary spermatocyte at the end of spermatocytogenesis is (haploid/diploid).
diploid
26
Which spermatogonia are progenitor cells which can regenerate spermatogonic epithelium and continue to divide?
spermatogonia A
27
Overtime, _______ can differentiate into _______ which will become the end product of spermatogenesis, _______.
spermatogonia A spermatogonia B primary spermatocytes
28
What is the product of meiosis in spermatogenesis?
round spermatid
29
The product of meiosis, the round spermatid, is (haploid/diploid) and therefore (can/cannot) fertilize at this stage.
haploid cannot
30
(T/F) Meiosis II occurs immediately after meiosis I.
true
31
After meiosis II, __ ________ are produced.
4 round spermatids
32
The 4 round spermatids produced from meiosis II are (haploid/diploid) with _ chromosome(s) and __ set(s) of DNA, and therefore, (can/cannot) undergo fertilization.
haploid 1 1 cannot
33
The product of spermiogenesis goes from a round spermatid to _______.
spermatozoa (elongated spermatid)
34
(T/F) The spermatozoa right after spermiogenesis are fully mature.
False - structurally the same but not fully mature
35
What 4 processes does a round spermatid undergo to become a spermatozoa in spermiogenesis?
1. form acrosome 2. condense chromatin 3. form flagellum 4. shed excess cytoplasm
36
What is an acrosome?
glycoproteins that form a "cap of digestive enzymes" over nucleus in spermatozoa
37
Function of acrosome
help sperm penetrate corona radiata + zona pellucida
38
Why does chromatin condense in formation of spermatozoa?
easier to go through female reproductive system
39
________ phagocytize the excess cytoplasm during spermiogenesis.
sertoli cells
40
What are the main spermatozoan characteristics?
head (w/ acrosome + nucleus) flagellum
41
The flagellum is surrounded by _______.
mitochondria
42
What 4 things can sertoli cells secrete?
1. androgen binding protein 2. inhibin 3. estrogen 4. anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
43
Sertoli cells only secrete estrogen before ______.
puberty
44
Androgen binding protein is stimulated by ____ and allows normal _______ concentration for spermatogenesis.
FSH testosterone
45
What does inhibin do?
provides negative feedback for male to decrease FSH
46
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is also called _______.
mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)
47
Function of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
cause regression of most of female reproductive tract
48
Which two cell types in the testis are somatic and therefore always diploid?
sertoli cells myoid cells
49
Steroid hormone-producing cells in the testis with lots of tubular mitochondria, SER, and lipid droplets
interstitial endocrine cells
50
Another term for interstitial endocrine cells
leydig cells
51
Interstitial endocrine cells are numerous in the ______ and _____.
boar stallion
52
Interstitial endocrine cells of the testis are stimulated by ____ and then produce _________.
LH testosterone
53
How does the equine testis differ?
mediastinum only at head extremity
54
Which testicular tumor type is most likely to become malignant?
seminoma
55
What are 3 types of testicular tumors?
1. seminoma 2. sertoli cell tumor 3. interstitial cell tumor
56
Sertoli cell tumors produce high amounts of ________ which can lead to what condition?
estrogen gynecomastia
57
What is gynecomastia?
enlargement of mammary glands
58
What specific condition are sertoli cell tumors seen with?
cryptorchid testes
59
Function of epididymis
storage + maturation of spermatozoa
60
The efferent ductules of the epididymis are lined by __________ + ______.
simple columnar + cilia (motile)
61
Ductus epididymis is lined by _________ + ______.
pseudostratified columnar + stereocilia (non-motile)
62
What are the 3 main parts of the ductus epididymis?
1. caput (head) 2. corpus (body) 3. cauda (tail)
63
Which part of the ductus epididymis are spermatozoa first capable of fertilization?
cauda (tail)
64
The function of ductus deferens is to transport _______ to _______ via what process?
sperm --> pelvic urethra peristalsis
65
What are 3 parts of the epididymis?
efferent ductules ductus epididymis ductus deferens
66
What lines the ductus deferens?
pseudostratified columnar
67
The T. muscularis of the ductus deferens is (thin/thick) and what is its orientation?
thick undefined (all directions)
68
What structure can differentiate the ductus deferens from the uterine tube on microscopic ID?
presence of sperm
69
The function of the accessory genital glands is to produce ________.
fluid of ejaculate
70
What does the fluid of ejaculate (produced by accessory genital glands) do?
nourish, protect, buffer spermatozoa
71
List of the 4 possible accessory genital glands
1. seminal vesicles 2. ampulla of ductus deferens 3. prostate 4. bulburethral gland
72
List of the 4 possible accessory genital glands
1. seminal vesicles 2. ampulla of ductus deferens 3. prostate 4. bulbourethral gland
73
Which species do NOT have seminal vesicles?
dog + cat
74
Which species do NOT have a bulbourethral gland?
dog
75
Which species do NOT have an ampulla of the ductus deferens?
boar + cat
76
All domestic mammals have a prostate, but some do not have a prostate ______.
body (have disseminate part)
77
What is the glandular epithelium of the seminal vesicles?
pseudostratified columnar
78
Seminal vesicles have large, irregular _____.
alveoli
79
What kind of cells are present in the seminal vesicles of the boar and ruminant?
basal cells
80
What 2 characteristics of seminal vesicles are seen in ruminants?
clearness + lipid droplets
81
Function of seminal vesicles and ampulla of ductus deferens
produce fructose (energy source for sperm)
82
The ampulla of the ductus deferens, like the seminal vesicles, has large and irregular alveoli but also have a ______.
capsule
83
What is the glandular epithelium of the prostate?
simple cuboidal
84
The male urethra is always in combination with one of what 3 structures?
1. prostate gland 2. bulbourethral gland 3. ductus deferens
85
Another name for bulbourethral gland
cowper's gland
86
The bulbourethral gland secretes ______ for what function?
mucous lubricate urethra for ejaculation
87
The bulbourethral gland of the boar also makes ________ while in the cat it makes _______.
sialic acid glycogen
88
To ID the bulbourethral gland, you must see _______.
skeletal muscle
89
What are the 3 external genitalia in the male?
penis male urethra scrotum
90
What are the 3 parts of the penis?
1. root 2. body 3. glans
91
Which part of the penis has many elastic fibers?
body
92
2 parts of the body of the penis
corpus cavernosum penis corpus spongiosum penis
93
2 parts of glans penis
bulbus glandis pars longa glandis
94
Which species have an os penis?
carnivores (dog, cat, otter, raccoon)
95
In the tomcat, the penis is directed _________ when not erect.
caudoventrally
96
What is present on the glans penis of the tomcat to induce ovulation?
cornified spines
97
The urethra is (dorsal/ventral/medial/lateral) to the os penis in the tomcat.
dorsal
98
Two parts of the male urethra
pelvic part spongy part
99
The epithelium of the male urethra goes from _______ to ______.
transitional --> stratified squamous
100
(T/F) The scrotal skin is made of typical skin.
True
101
Term for subcutaneous layer of the scrotum with smooth muscle
tunica dartos

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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