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Microanatomy > Exam 2: Blood & Bone Marrow > Flashcards

Exam 2: Blood & Bone Marrow Flashcards

1
Q

Central Pallor

A

light central region of RBC (biconcave)

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2
Q

Howell-Jolly Bodies

A

retained chromatin in RBC
small dot

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3
Q

Rouleau Formation

A

stacks of RBC
artifact of prep

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4
Q

What species is most common for rouleau formation?

A

horse blood

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5
Q

Anisocytosis

A

difference in size of RBC

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6
Q

What species is most common with anisocytosis?

A

cattle blood

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7
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

difference in shape of RBC

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8
Q

What species is most common for poikilocytosis?

A

goat blood

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9
Q

Crenation

A

spikes on RBC
artifact of prep

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10
Q

What species is most common for crenation in RBC?

A

cat blood

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11
Q

Heinz bodies

A

denatured hemoglobin in RBC
white dots at periphery

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12
Q

What species is most common for Heinz bodies?

A

normal to see a few in cat blood

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13
Q

Leukocyte (+types)

A

WBC
granulocytes
agranulocytes

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14
Q

Specific granules

A

secondary granules only present in granulocytes

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15
Q

Azurophilic granules

A

primary granules / non-specific
present in all leukocytes

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16
Q

Neutrophil

A

granulocyte | neutral stain
most common leukocyte other than ruminants
F: break down bacteria/debris
granules have lactoferrin

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17
Q

Basophil

A

granulocyte
very few present
F: allergic reaction, heparin/histamine in granules

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18
Q

Eosinophil

A

granulocyte
F: kill parasite / antigen-antibody complex
attracted to histamine (have histaminase to break down)

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19
Q

Agranulocyte

A

leukocyte w/o specific granules, but has azurophilic granules

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20
Q

Lymphocyte

A

agranulocyte
most common WBC in ruminants
function: immune response

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21
Q

Monocyte

A

agranulocyte
form osteoclasts
become macrophages

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22
Q

Platelets

A

from megakaryocyte cytoplasm
function: blood clotting

23
Q

What two avian cells have a nucleus?

A

RBC & thrombocytes (platelets)

24
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

formation of all formed elements in blood

25
Q

Erythropoeisis

A

formation of RBC

26
Q

First distinguishable stable of RBC in formation

A

Rubriblast

27
Q

Stages of erythropoiesis

A

Rubriblast
Prorubicyte
Rubricyte
Metarubricyte

28
Q

What has to occur during erythropoiesis?

A

decrease cell size
condense chromatin
decrease basophilia
extrude nucleus

29
Q

Two types of rubricytes

A

Basophilic rubricyte
Polychromatic rubricyte

30
Q

Granulocytopoiesis

A

formation of granulocyte

31
Q

First recognizable stage of granulocytopoiesis

A

myeloblast

32
Q

Granulocytopoiesis stages

A

Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band cells

33
Q

Which stage of granulocytopoiesis are specific granules first seen?

34
Q

What has to occur during granulocytopoiesis?

A

decrease cell size
condense chromatin
decrease basophilia
develop specific granules

35
Q

Megakaryocytopoiesis

A

form megakaryocytes which form platelets from “pinching off” cytoplasm

36
Q

Other cells in bone marrow (not WBC/RBC/platelets)

A

plasma cells
osteoblasts
osteoclasts

37
Q

Hemoglobin

A

in RBC
polypeptide chain which binds heme
binds/transports O2

38
Q

Heme

A

transports O2 in ferrous state (Fe2+)

39
Q

Reticulocyte

A

immature RBC
larger, blue stained (polychromatophilic)

40
Q

Dog eosinophil

A

granules don’t fill cytoplasm
vacuoles present (lots of space)

41
Q

Cat eosinophil

A

small, rod-shaped granules that fill cytoplasm

42
Q

Horse eosinophil

A

large granules, bulge at surface

43
Q

Dog basophil

A

lots of space, not full granules

44
Q

Heterophil

A

rod-shaped granules in leukocytes of avian species

45
Q

CFU

A

colony-forming units
initial/undifferentiated cells in blood development in bone marrow

46
Q

Embryonic bone marrow

A

blood cells produced by organs (yolk sac, liver, spleen)

47
Q

Postnatal bone marrow

A

blood cells produced by bone marrow

48
Q

Location of bone marrow

A

spaces in spongy bone (epiphysis)

49
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

marrow from embryo replaced by fat in adult

50
Q

Red bone marrow

A

produces blood cells

51
Q

Does an older animal have more red or yellow bone marrow?

52
Q

What is the structure of bone marrow

A

sinusoid capillaries lined by endothelium that hold developing cells
also has reticular cells

53
Q

Erythropoietin

A

hormone which stimulates RBC synthesis in bone marrow

54
Q

Myeloid-Erythroid ratio

A

ratio of developing WBC to RBC

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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