Exam 3: Integument Flashcards
What are the 2 functions of the integument?
- Protection (prevent exogenous penetration)
- Temperature regulation
________ is necessary for calcium absorption in the small intestine and reflects body condition.
Vitamin D
All outer layer (epidermis) of skin is derived from _____.
Ectoderm
What is the dermis layer of the skin derived from?
mesoderm
What is the outer-most layer of the skin?
Epidermis
What tissue type makes up the epidermis?
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What are the 5 layers that can be present in the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
What is the specific layer within the stratum corneum that is “scales” or dandruff peeling away?
Stratum disjunctum
What are the only 2 layers of epidermis present in soft keratin (teat, foot pads)?
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
What structure is represented in the stratum spinosum layer of epidermis?
desmosomes which connect cells
The epidermis is (thicker/thinner) in cells with hair follicles.
thinner
What are the 3 layers (superficial to deep) of the skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
What are two other names for hypodermis?
subcutaneous layer
tela subcutanea
What tissues make up the hypodermis?
loose CT with adipose tissue infiltrating
What 4 cell types make up the epidermis?
Keratinocyte (produce keratin)
Melanocyte (produce melanin)
Langerhans cell (antigen trapping)
Merkel cells (fine touch)
What is another name for Merkel Cells?
Nonencapsulated tactile corpuscles
Where are Merkel’s Cells located?
basement membrane of epidermis
What are the two layers of the dermis? (superficial to deep)
Stratum papillare
Stratum reticulare
What tissue makes up the stratum papillare of the dermis?
loose connective tissue
What structure is seen in the stratum papillare?
dermal papillae (projections into epidermis)
What tissue makes up the stratum reticulare?
DICCT
What layer MUST sutures get into to hold?
stratum reticulare of the dermis
What is hair produced by?
hair follicle in the dermis
What is hair made up of?
layers of keratin (modified keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)
Shaft
visible part of hair (projects above dermis)
Root
part of not seen externally
Bulb
“growing hair” with dermal papilla (w/ vessels/nerves for nourishment)
Cuticle
thin/hard outer surface layer of hair of keratinized cells
What are the two layers of the cuticle?
cortex (outer)
medulla
(T/F) The medulla of the cuticle is hollow.
True
How do hair follicles form?
ectoderm grows into underlying mesoderm
cells at bottom become hair
What are the 3 layers of hair?
internal epithelial root sheath
external epithelial root sheath
dermal root sheath
What is the external epithelial root sheath continuous with?
stratum spinosum
What muscle attaches to hair follicles?
arrector pili muscles
Arrector pili are made of (smooth/skeletal) muscle and (SNS/PSNS) innervation.
Smooth
SNS
Function of Arrector Pili
contraction to stand up hairs during “fight or flight”
warm air comes in and keeps animal warm
What are the 3 stages of hair growth?
Anagen
Catagen
Telogen
Anagen Phase
growth stage
mitotically active hair matrix cells
old hair pushes out follicle
Catagen Phase
hair reaches max length, division stops
“regressive stage”
Telogen
“resting stage” | hair shed when anagen begins again
Which hair growth stage is the longest?
telogen
What are the 3 controlling factors of hair? Which is most important?
Light - MOST important
Temperature
Hormones
Sinus Hairs
whiskers on domestic mammals
SENSORY hair follicle
What tissue type makes up sinus hairs?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (same as reg hair)
What tissue type makes up the outer dermal root sheath of sinus hairs?
DICCT
What are the layers of sinus hairs (2)
outer dermal root sheath
inner layer of dermal root sheath
Sweat gland (sudoriferous glands) 2 types
Apocrine
Eccrine
Apocrine sweat gland
general body sweat gland in domestic mammals
Eccrine sweat gland (“merocrine”)
NO hair follicles & empty directly onto surface
Where are products of eccrine sweat glands seen?
“frog” of horse
dog/cat foot pads
Sebaceous gland
produce waxy/greasy product
gives slick/shiny coat appearance
_____ is the waxy/greasy product produced by sebaceous glands.
Sebum
Myoepithelial Cells
contractile elements around sweat glands to force secretory products into lumen
What kind of glands are sweat glands?
coiled tubular glands
Dogs/cats have a (symmetrical/asymmetrical) inner layer of dermal root sheath and other domestic mammals have a (symmetrical/asymmetrical) layer.
asymmetrical
symmetrical
What is the term used to describe the asymmetrical inner layer of dermal root sheath in the dog/cat?
sinus pad
What is the specialized sweat gland in the ear called? What does it produce?
Ceruminous gland
cerumen (major part of ear wax)
