Exam 3: Integument

Question 1

What are the 2 functions of the integument?

Answer 1

1. Protection (prevent exogenous penetration)
2. Temperature regulation

Question 2

________ is necessary for calcium absorption in the small intestine and reflects body condition.

Answer 2

Vitamin D

Question 3

All outer layer (epidermis) of skin is derived from _____.

Answer 3

Ectoderm

Question 4

What is the dermis layer of the skin derived from?

Answer 4

mesoderm

Question 5

What is the outer-most layer of the skin?

Answer 5

Epidermis

Question 6

What tissue type makes up the epidermis?

Answer 6

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 7

What are the 5 layers that can be present in the epidermis?

Answer 7

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 8

What is the specific layer within the stratum corneum that is “scales” or dandruff peeling away?

Answer 8

Stratum disjunctum

Question 9

What are the only 2 layers of epidermis present in soft keratin (teat, foot pads)?

Answer 9

stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum

Question 10

What structure is represented in the stratum spinosum layer of epidermis?

Answer 10

desmosomes which connect cells

Question 11

The epidermis is (thicker/thinner) in cells with hair follicles.

Answer 11

thinner

Question 12

What are the 3 layers (superficial to deep) of the skin?

Answer 12

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Question 13

What are two other names for hypodermis?

Answer 13

subcutaneous layer
tela subcutanea

Question 14

What tissues make up the hypodermis?

Answer 14

loose CT with adipose tissue infiltrating

Question 15

What 4 cell types make up the epidermis?

Answer 15

Keratinocyte (produce keratin)
Melanocyte (produce melanin)
Langerhans cell (antigen trapping)
Merkel cells (fine touch)

Question 16

What is another name for Merkel Cells?

Answer 16

Nonencapsulated tactile corpuscles

Question 17

Where are Merkel’s Cells located?

Answer 17

basement membrane of epidermis

Question 18

What are the two layers of the dermis? (superficial to deep)

Answer 18

Stratum papillare
Stratum reticulare

Question 19

What tissue makes up the stratum papillare of the dermis?

Answer 19

loose connective tissue

Question 20

What structure is seen in the stratum papillare?

Answer 20

dermal papillae (projections into epidermis)

Question 21

What tissue makes up the stratum reticulare?

Answer 21

DICCT

Question 22

What layer MUST sutures get into to hold?

Answer 22

stratum reticulare of the dermis

Question 23

What is hair produced by?

Answer 23

hair follicle in the dermis

Question 24

What is hair made up of?

Answer 24

layers of keratin (modified keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

Question 25

Shaft

Answer 25

visible part of hair (projects above dermis)

Question 26

Root

Answer 26

part of not seen externally

Question 27

Bulb

Answer 27

"growing hair" with dermal papilla (w/ vessels/nerves for nourishment)

Question 28

Cuticle

Answer 28

thin/hard outer surface layer of hair of keratinized cells

Question 29

What are the two layers of the cuticle?

Answer 29

cortex (outer) medulla

Question 30

(T/F) The medulla of the cuticle is hollow.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

How do hair follicles form?

Answer 31

ectoderm grows into underlying mesoderm cells at bottom become hair

Question 32

What are the 3 layers of hair?

Answer 32

internal epithelial root sheath external epithelial root sheath dermal root sheath

Question 33

What is the external epithelial root sheath continuous with?

Answer 33

stratum spinosum

Question 34

What muscle attaches to hair follicles?

Answer 34

arrector pili muscles

Question 35

Arrector pili are made of (smooth/skeletal) muscle and (SNS/PSNS) innervation.

Answer 35

Smooth SNS

Question 36

Function of Arrector Pili

Answer 36

contraction to stand up hairs during "fight or flight" warm air comes in and keeps animal warm

Question 37

What are the 3 stages of hair growth?

Answer 37

Anagen Catagen Telogen

Question 38

Anagen Phase

Answer 38

growth stage mitotically active hair matrix cells old hair pushes out follicle

Question 39

Catagen Phase

Answer 39

hair reaches max length, division stops "regressive stage"

Question 40

Telogen

Answer 40

"resting stage" | hair shed when anagen begins again

Question 41

Which hair growth stage is the longest?

Answer 41

telogen

Question 42

What are the 3 controlling factors of hair? Which is most important?

Answer 42

Light - MOST important Temperature Hormones

Question 43

Sinus Hairs

Answer 43

whiskers on domestic mammals SENSORY hair follicle

Question 44

What tissue type makes up sinus hairs?

Answer 44

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (same as reg hair)

Question 45

What tissue type makes up the outer dermal root sheath of sinus hairs?

Answer 45

DICCT

Question 46

What are the layers of sinus hairs (2)

Answer 46

outer dermal root sheath inner layer of dermal root sheath

Question 47

Sweat gland (sudoriferous glands) 2 types

Answer 47

Apocrine Eccrine

Question 48

Apocrine sweat gland

Answer 48

general body sweat gland in domestic mammals

Question 49

Eccrine sweat gland ("merocrine")

Answer 49

NO hair follicles & empty directly onto surface

Question 50

Where are products of eccrine sweat glands seen?

Answer 50

"frog" of horse dog/cat foot pads

Question 51

Sebaceous gland

Answer 51

produce waxy/greasy product gives slick/shiny coat appearance

Question 52

_____ is the waxy/greasy product produced by sebaceous glands.

Answer 52

Sebum

Question 53

Myoepithelial Cells

Answer 53

contractile elements around sweat glands to force secretory products into lumen

Question 54

What kind of glands are sweat glands?

Answer 54

coiled tubular glands

Question 55

Dogs/cats have a (symmetrical/asymmetrical) inner layer of dermal root sheath and other domestic mammals have a (symmetrical/asymmetrical) layer.

Answer 55

asymmetrical symmetrical

Question 56

What is the term used to describe the asymmetrical inner layer of dermal root sheath in the dog/cat?

Answer 56

sinus pad

Question 57

What is the specialized sweat gland in the ear called? What does it produce?

Answer 57

Ceruminous gland cerumen (major part of ear wax)