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Microanatomy > Exam 3: Integument > Flashcards

Exam 3: Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 functions of the integument?

A
  1. Protection (prevent exogenous penetration)
  2. Temperature regulation
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2
Q

________ is necessary for calcium absorption in the small intestine and reflects body condition.

A

Vitamin D

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3
Q

All outer layer (epidermis) of skin is derived from _____.

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

What is the dermis layer of the skin derived from?

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

What is the outer-most layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

What tissue type makes up the epidermis?

A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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7
Q

What are the 5 layers that can be present in the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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8
Q

What is the specific layer within the stratum corneum that is “scales” or dandruff peeling away?

A

Stratum disjunctum

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9
Q

What are the only 2 layers of epidermis present in soft keratin (teat, foot pads)?

A

stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum

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10
Q

What structure is represented in the stratum spinosum layer of epidermis?

A

desmosomes which connect cells

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11
Q

The epidermis is (thicker/thinner) in cells with hair follicles.

A

thinner

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers (superficial to deep) of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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13
Q

What are two other names for hypodermis?

A

subcutaneous layer
tela subcutanea

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14
Q

What tissues make up the hypodermis?

A

loose CT with adipose tissue infiltrating

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15
Q

What 4 cell types make up the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyte (produce keratin)
Melanocyte (produce melanin)
Langerhans cell (antigen trapping)
Merkel cells (fine touch)

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16
Q

What is another name for Merkel Cells?

A

Nonencapsulated tactile corpuscles

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17
Q

Where are Merkel’s Cells located?

A

basement membrane of epidermis

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18
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis? (superficial to deep)

A

Stratum papillare
Stratum reticulare

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19
Q

What tissue makes up the stratum papillare of the dermis?

A

loose connective tissue

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20
Q

What structure is seen in the stratum papillare?

A

dermal papillae (projections into epidermis)

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21
Q

What tissue makes up the stratum reticulare?

A

DICCT

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22
Q

What layer MUST sutures get into to hold?

A

stratum reticulare of the dermis

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23
Q

What is hair produced by?

A

hair follicle in the dermis

24
Q

What is hair made up of?

A

layers of keratin (modified keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

25
Q

Shaft

A

visible part of hair (projects above dermis)

26
Q

Root

A

part of not seen externally

27
Q

Bulb

A

“growing hair” with dermal papilla (w/ vessels/nerves for nourishment)

28
Q

Cuticle

A

thin/hard outer surface layer of hair of keratinized cells

29
Q

What are the two layers of the cuticle?

A

cortex (outer)
medulla

30
Q

(T/F) The medulla of the cuticle is hollow.

A

True

31
Q

How do hair follicles form?

A

ectoderm grows into underlying mesoderm
cells at bottom become hair

32
Q

What are the 3 layers of hair?

A

internal epithelial root sheath
external epithelial root sheath
dermal root sheath

33
Q

What is the external epithelial root sheath continuous with?

A

stratum spinosum

34
Q

What muscle attaches to hair follicles?

A

arrector pili muscles

35
Q

Arrector pili are made of (smooth/skeletal) muscle and (SNS/PSNS) innervation.

A

Smooth
SNS

36
Q

Function of Arrector Pili

A

contraction to stand up hairs during “fight or flight”
warm air comes in and keeps animal warm

37
Q

What are the 3 stages of hair growth?

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

38
Q

Anagen Phase

A

growth stage
mitotically active hair matrix cells
old hair pushes out follicle

39
Q

Catagen Phase

A

hair reaches max length, division stops
“regressive stage”

40
Q

Telogen

A

“resting stage” | hair shed when anagen begins again

41
Q

Which hair growth stage is the longest?

A

telogen

42
Q

What are the 3 controlling factors of hair? Which is most important?

A

Light - MOST important
Temperature
Hormones

43
Q

Sinus Hairs

A

whiskers on domestic mammals
SENSORY hair follicle

44
Q

What tissue type makes up sinus hairs?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (same as reg hair)

45
Q

What tissue type makes up the outer dermal root sheath of sinus hairs?

A

DICCT

46
Q

What are the layers of sinus hairs (2)

A

outer dermal root sheath
inner layer of dermal root sheath

47
Q

Sweat gland (sudoriferous glands) 2 types

A

Apocrine
Eccrine

48
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A

general body sweat gland in domestic mammals

49
Q

Eccrine sweat gland (“merocrine”)

A

NO hair follicles & empty directly onto surface

50
Q

Where are products of eccrine sweat glands seen?

A

“frog” of horse
dog/cat foot pads

51
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

produce waxy/greasy product
gives slick/shiny coat appearance

52
Q

_____ is the waxy/greasy product produced by sebaceous glands.

A

Sebum

53
Q

Myoepithelial Cells

A

contractile elements around sweat glands to force secretory products into lumen

54
Q

What kind of glands are sweat glands?

A

coiled tubular glands

55
Q

Dogs/cats have a (symmetrical/asymmetrical) inner layer of dermal root sheath and other domestic mammals have a (symmetrical/asymmetrical) layer.

A

asymmetrical
symmetrical

56
Q

What is the term used to describe the asymmetrical inner layer of dermal root sheath in the dog/cat?

A

sinus pad

57
Q

What is the specialized sweat gland in the ear called? What does it produce?

A

Ceruminous gland
cerumen (major part of ear wax)

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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