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Microanatomy > Exam 4: Ear > Flashcards

Exam 4: Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A

External ear (outer)
Middle ear
Internal ear (inner)

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2
Q

External ear function

A

conduct sound waves –> middle ear

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3
Q

Auricle

A

pinna - part of external ear we see

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4
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

cone-shaped structure toward skull
aka: ear canal

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5
Q

The external ear has a core of _____ covered by (thin/thick) skin.

A

Elastic cartilage
Thin

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6
Q

What 3 structures are present in the skin of the external ear?

A

hair follicles
sebaceous glands
apocrine sweat glands

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7
Q

What tissue type lines the external acoustic meatus?

A

very thin epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous

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8
Q

What kind of glands are present in the external acoustic meatus?

A

ceruminous glands

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9
Q

What do ceruminous glands secrete?

A

cerumen = main component of earwax

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10
Q

Function of Middle Ear

A

conduct sound wave energy –> internal ear

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11
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

ear drum
outer-most part of middle ear

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12
Q

Which bone attaches directly to the tympanic membrane?

A

malleus

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13
Q

Tympanic cavity

A

space from tympanic membrane –> inner ear

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14
Q

What 3 auditory ossicles are in the tympanic cavity of the middle ear?

A

malleus
incus
stapes

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15
Q

Which auditory ossicle connects to the inner ear? Where exactly does it attach?

A

stapes
attaches to vestibular/oval window

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16
Q

Scala Vestibuli

A

where vestibular window connects in inner ear and creates fluid waves

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17
Q

Cochlear/Round Window

A

membrane that dampens fluid waves in inner ear

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18
Q

The auditory (eustachian) tube connects _____ to _____.

A

Tympanic cavity –> nasopharynx

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19
Q

What is the function of the auditory tube?

A

create even pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

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20
Q

What layers make up the tympanic membrane?

A

two layers of epithelium (each side) + CT between

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21
Q

What two possible tissue types line the tympanic cavity?

A

simple squamous or simple cuboidal

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22
Q

What is the function of the small skeletal muscles found in the tympanic cavity?

A

dampen sound waves to protect from damage (stiffen movement of ossicles)

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23
Q

What are the two skeletal muscles in the tympanic cavity?

A

Tensor Tympani M
Stapedius M

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24
Q

Where does the Tensor Tympani M attach? Stapedius M?

A

Malleus
Stapes

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25
Q

What tissue type lines the auditory tube?

A

pseudostratified columnar w/ goblet cells + cilia

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26
Q

What two types are cartilage are present within the auditory tube?

A

hyaline + elastic

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27
Q

Guttural Pouch

A

herniation of mucosa of auditory tube in horse

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28
Q

Function of internal ear

A

convert fluid wave energy –> action potentials

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29
Q

The internal ear is connected to the middle ear by _______.

A

vestibular/oval window

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30
Q

Where is the internal ear located in the skull?

A

petrous part of temporal bone (internal acoustic meatus inside it)

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31
Q

3 parts of the bony labyrinth

A

semicircular canals
vestibule
cochlea

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32
Q

Ampulla

A

dilation of each semicircular canal where it connects to the rest of the bony labyrinth

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33
Q

Vestibule

A

entryway between the semicircular canals and cochlea

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34
Q

Cochlea

A

snail-shaped innermost part of labyrinth

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35
Q

2 parts of the cochlea

A

modiolus
hemlicotrema

36
Q

Modiolus

A

core of cochlea where cochlear N + ganglion contained

37
Q

Helicotrema

A

pointed end of cochlea

38
Q

Where is the scala vestibuli located?

A

vestibular/oval window

39
Q

Where is the scala tympani located?

A

cochlear/round window

40
Q

The bony labyrinth is filled with (endolymph/perilymph)

41
Q

Perilymph is similar to _____ and closer to (intracellular/extracellular) fluid.

A

CSF
extracellular

42
Q

Membranous Labyrinth is inside the ______.

A

bony labyrinth

43
Q

What tissue lines the membranous labyrinth?

A

simple squamous epithelium on layer of connective tissue

44
Q

4 parts of the membranous labyrinth

A

semicircular ducts
utricle + saccule
cochlear duct

45
Q

Crista ampullaris

A

sensory area on each ampulla that detect motion and maintain equilibrium

46
Q

What is the flat sensory area on the utricle & saccule called?

47
Q

What is the macula in the utricle called?

A

macula utriculi

48
Q

What is the macula in the saccule called?

A

macula saculli

49
Q

What is another name for cochlear duct?

A

scala media

50
Q

What is the sensory area in the cochlear duct?

A

spinal organ (organ of Corti)

51
Q

The membranous labyrinth is filled with (endolymph/perilymph).

52
Q

Endolymph is more similar to (intracellular/extracellular) fluid.

A

intracellular

53
Q

Function of endolymph

A

stimulates sensory receptors in the ear for hearing and maintains equilibrium

54
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus?

A

all sensory structures in membranous labyrinth

55
Q

Function of vestibular apparatus

A

detect motion of head and maintain equilibrium

56
Q

Crista ampullaris 2 components

A

sensory cells (hair cells) + supporting cells

57
Q

What two projections are on each hair cell?

A

stereocilia + kinocilium

58
Q

There are many smaller (kinocilium/stereocilia) and one larger (kinocilium/stereocilia) on each hair cell.

A

stereocilia
kinocilium

59
Q

Hair cells contact sensory endings of the _______ N which is a branch of the _______ N.

A

vestibular N
vestibulocochlear N

60
Q

Crista ampullaris is responsible for creating action potentials for (rotary/linear) movements.

61
Q

How do rotary movements create action potentials?

A

move endolymph –> move cupula –> bend stereocilia toward kinocilium = stimulate hair cell to produce AP in vestibular N

62
Q

What is the gelatinous membrane that suspends the hair cell projections?

63
Q

The macula is different than the crista because it has a ________ membrane instead of the cupula.

A

statoconial/otolithic

64
Q

(T/F) The statoconial/otolithic membrane extends the entire length of the utricle/saccule.

65
Q

What is present in the statoconial/otolithic membrane that differs from the cupula?

A

statoconia/otoliths

66
Q

What are otoliths/statoconia?

A

calcium carbonate “stones” on top of otolithic membrane in macula

67
Q

Striola

A

midline of macula that kinocilium points toward

68
Q

Action potentials are created in the macula by (rotary/linear) movement.

69
Q

Explain process of linear movement in macula.

A

moves endolymph –> moves otoliths –> moves stereocilia toward kinocilium = create APs in vestibular N

70
Q

What two things make up the auditory apparatus?

A

spiral organ
cochlear duct

71
Q

Function of Spiral Organ

A

convert sound vibrations –> action potentials in cochlear N that as perceived by brain as sound

72
Q

Hair cells in the Spiral Organ ONLY have (stereocilia/kinocilium).

A

stereocilia

73
Q

What is a type of supporting cell in the Spiral Organ?

A

phalangeal cells

74
Q

Function of Phalangeal cells in Spiral Organ

A

thick filaments in cytoplasm anchor hair cells for stiffening/straighening

75
Q

What structure contains the Spiral Organ?

A

Cochlear duct

76
Q

What are the 4 layers/parts of the Cochlear Duct?

A

vestibular membrane
basilar membrane
stria vascularis
tectorial membrane

77
Q

The vestibular membrane separates the _______ from ______.

A

cochlear duct
scala vestibuli

78
Q

The scala vestibuli is the space (above/below) the vestibular membrane.

79
Q

What occurs in the scala vestibuli?

A

stapes vibrates on oval window to create fluid waves

80
Q

The basilar membrane separates the _____ from _____.

A

cochlear duct
scala tympani

81
Q

Where does the spiral organ of hearing rest?

A

basilar membrane

82
Q

What structure lines the cochlear duct/scala media?

A

stria vascularis

83
Q

What tissue type is the stria vascularis made of? What other structure is seen?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium
capillaries

84
Q

What does stria vascularis produce?

85
Q

The tectorial membrane embeds _____.

A

stereocilia

86
Q

Explain how sound is perceived.

A

fluid vibrations in perilymph –> basilar membrane vibrates –> stereocilia contact tectorial membrane –> cochlear N = perceive sound

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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