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Microanatomy > Exam 3: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

collect blood from microvasculature and bring to heart

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2
Q

What are the 3 tunics of all vessels?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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3
Q

Parts of Tunica Intima

A

Endothelium
Subendothelial Layer
Internal Elastic Membrane/Lamina

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4
Q

What orientation is the Tunica Intima seen in?

A

longitudinal orientation

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5
Q

What makes up the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima?

A

Fine collagen fibers + elastic (sometimes)

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6
Q

What is characteristic about the internal elastic lamina of the tunica intima?

A

thick, elastic present
“sheet” NOT fiber
holes for diffusion

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7
Q

What orientation is the Tunica Media?

A

Circular orientation

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8
Q

What are the two components of Tunica Media?

A

Smooth muscle
Connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the function of the Tunica Media?

A

constricting to facilitate blood flow

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10
Q

What orientation is the Tunica Adventitia?

A

longitudinal orientation

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11
Q

What two structures are seen in the Tunica Adventitia?

A

Vasa vasorum
Nervi vasorum

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12
Q

What makes up the Tunica Advenitita?

A

collagen and/or elastic fibers

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13
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

little vessels that branch and go into adventitia & media
ONLY sympathetic innvervation

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14
Q

Nervi vasorum

A

nerves within vasa vasorum
seen in larger vessels

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15
Q

What are examples of Elastic Aa?

A

Aorta
Brachiocephalic Trunk

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16
Q

What layer is the thickest in Elastic Aa and what makes it characteristic?

A

Tunica media
alternating smooth muscle & elastic layers

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17
Q

What part of the Tunica Intima is thick in Elastic Aa?

A

subendothelial layer

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18
Q

What part of the Tunica Intima is thin in the Elastic Aa?

A

Internal Elastic Lamina

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19
Q

What structures are easiest to see in the Elastic Aa?

A

Vasa vasorum & Nervi vasorum

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20
Q

What are examples of Muscular Aa?

A

renal A
brachial A
femoral Aa

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21
Q

What part of the Tunica Intima is thick in Muscular Aa?

A

Internal Elastic Lamina

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22
Q

Muscular Aa have the thickest of the all the vessels in which layer?

A

Tunica Media

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23
Q

What is characteristic of the Tunica Media of Muscular Aa?

A

smooth muscle dominates
less elastic lamina

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24
Q

What is different about the Tunica Adventitia in Muscular vs. Elastic Aa?

A

More elastic fibers in MUSCULAR than ELASTIC Aa

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25
Q

What tunic is seen in arterioles and what is it characterized by?

A

Tunica Media
1-3 layers of smooth muscle

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26
Q

Meta-arteriole

A

arterioles right before capillaries

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27
Q

What tunic and what is it characterized by in Meta-arterioles?

A

Tunica Media
incomplete smooth muscle layer

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28
Q

Arteriovenous Anastomoses

A

direct connection from arteriole to venule (bypasses capillary bed when open)

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29
Q

Where are arteriovenous anastomoses located?

A

Skin & Intestines
bypassed in fight or flight

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30
Q

Capillary Tunics Characterization

A

ONLY endothelium layer
NO smooth muscle
NO adventitia

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31
Q

Pericytes

A

supportive, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that change based on need

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32
Q

Where are pericytes located?

A

endothelial cell basal lamina

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33
Q

List Capillary Types

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Porous
Sinusoid

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34
Q

Continuous Capillaries

A

NOT leaky, tight junctions

35
Q

Location of Continuous Capillaries

A

muscle & nervous tissue
muscle- some exchange
nervous- NO exchange

36
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

Leaky | continuous basement membrane
Have fenestra
Selective exchange

37
Q

Fenestra

A

openings by thin lipid monolayer in capillaries

38
Q

Porous Capillaries

A

big openings | thick basement membrane

39
Q

Porous Capillary Function

A

high pressure for filtration

40
Q

Location of Porous Capillaries

41
Q

Sinusoid Capillaries

A

VERY leaky | endothelial cell gaps

42
Q

Sinusoid Capillary Location

A

Liver
Bone Marrow
Endocrine System

43
Q

Venules

A

right after capillaries
similar structure

44
Q

What is unique about venules structure?

A

ONLY endothelium layer
Pericytes present

45
Q

Which tunic is characteristic in Muscular Venules?

A

Tunica media
Develop layer of smooth muscle

46
Q

Tunica Intima of Muscular Veins

A

have valves (folds of intima)
Dilation after valve from pressure

47
Q

Function of Valves in Veins

A

unidirectional flow
prevent backflow

48
Q

Tunica Media of Muscular Veins

A

3-4 layers smooth muscle
small CT layer

49
Q

Tunica Adventitia of Muscular Veins

A

blend with surrounding CT

50
Q

What are examples of large veins?

A

cranial & caudal vena cava

51
Q

What is unique about the Tunica Intima in Large Veins?

A

Thin internal elastic lamina

52
Q

What is unique about the Tunica Media of Large Veins?

A

VERY thin
discontinuous smooth muscle layer
collagen fibers

53
Q

What is unique about the Tunica Adventitia of Large Veins?

A

thick bundles of smooth muscle
Function: “stiffen” vessel

54
Q

What orientation are the smooth muscle bundles in the Tunica Adventitia of Large Veins?

A

longitudinal

55
Q

Carotid Sinus

A

baroreceptors
cells in wall in beginning of internal carotid A

56
Q

What is the function of the Carotid Sinus?

A

sense pressure & release chemicals to influence blood pressure

57
Q

Carotid Body

A

group of chemoreceptors outside vessel

58
Q

What is the function of the carotid body?

A

regulate blood volume

59
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

60
Q

What are the layers of the Endocardium of the Heart?

A

Endothelium
Subendothelial Layer
Subendocardial Layer

61
Q

What makes up the subendothelial layer of the endocardium?

A

Collagen + elastic fibers

62
Q

Where are Purkinje Fibers located?

A

Subendocardial Layer of Endocardium

63
Q

What is the function of Purkinje Fibers?

A

Conduct heart impulse

64
Q

Which part of the tunica intima of vessels is not located in the endocardium?

A

Internal Elastic Lamina

65
Q

Cardiac Valves

A

specialized folds of endocardium
covered by endothelium
middle = thickening of subendothelial layer

66
Q

What two structures are not located in cardiac valves?

A

Purkinje cells
Subendocardial layer

67
Q

Where do atrial myocytes secrete ANP?

A

Myocardium

68
Q

What orientation is cardiac muscle in the myocardium?

A

Spirally oriented

69
Q

What secretes ANP?

A

atrial myocytes in the myocardium

70
Q

What is ANP’s function?

A

influence sodium absorption in the kidney

71
Q

A thick layer of ____ covers the heart (in epicardium)

72
Q

What is the collagen in the epicardium continuous with?

A

the tunica adventitia of vessels coming in and out

73
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

thickening of adventitia in epicardium

74
Q

What are the two layers of the epicardium?

A

Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium
Serous Membrane

75
Q

Which layer of the epicardium is within the fibrous pericardium?

A

Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium

76
Q

Which layer of the epicardium is directly applied to the heart?

A

Serous Membrane

77
Q

What are the 3 structures apart of the impulse conducting system of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial Node
Atrioventricular Node
Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)

78
Q

What is the order of impulse conduction in the heart?

A

SA node –> AV node –> Bundle of His

79
Q

Which part of the impulse conducting system of the heart has purkinje cells?

A

Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)

80
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton?

A

connective tissue of the heart

81
Q

Annuli Fibrosi

A

“Fibrous ring” in the heart

82
Q

What is the function of the Annuli Fibrosi?

A

to give heart valves rigidity

83
Q

Trigona Fibrosa

A

cartilage or bone (ruminants) in CT around valves of heart

84
Q

What is the function of the Trigona Fibrosa in the heart?

A

Support valves

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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