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Microanatomy > Exam 4: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The conducting + conditioning airways are the from ______ to the ______.

A

Nasal Cavity –> Bronchioles

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2
Q

What is the function of the conducting + conditioning airways?

A

get air to alveoli in a form which is optimal for gas exchange

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3
Q

What two structures make up the intrapulmonary conducting + conditioning airways?

A

bronchi + bronchioles

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4
Q

What are the 3 functions of alveoli?

A

Exchange O2/CO2 between blood/air
Acid-base balance
Convert Angiotensin I –> Angiotensin II

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal vestibule
nasal cavity proper

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6
Q

What is the Nasal Vestibule + function?

A

initial part of nasal cavity
blocks debris from getting in

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7
Q

What is the tissue type that lines the Nasal Vestibule? What does it transition to?

A

thin stratified squamous epithelium –> transitions to non-keratinized stratified squamous

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8
Q

What tissue type + gland type is present in the dermis of the Nasal Vestibule?

A

Loose CT + serous glands

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9
Q

What is the function of the serous glands in the nasal vestibule?

A

humidify dry, inspired air

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10
Q

What structures are within the nasal cavity proper?

A

nasal conchae

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11
Q

Nasal Conchae

A

thin scrolls of bone

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12
Q

What two types of mucosa are within the Nasal Cavity Proper?

A

Tunica mucosa-submucosa
Olfactory Tunica mucosa

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13
Q

What tissue type is considering the “Respiratory Epithelium”

A

Pseudostratified columnar w/ cilia + goblet cells

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14
Q

What tissue type lines the tunica mucosa-submucosa of the nasal cavity proper?

A

Pseudostratified columnar w/ cilia + goblet cells

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15
Q

The lamina propria-submucosa of the Tunica mucosa-submucosa of the nasal cavity proper is (avascular/vascular) with (seromucous/mucous/serous) glands.

A

vascular
seromucous

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16
Q

Why is the lamina propria-submucosa vascular in the nasal cavity proper?

A

to transfer heat to warm inspired air

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17
Q

What tunic covers conchae in the nasal cavity proper?

A

Olfactory tunica mucosa

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18
Q

Where is smell detected?

A

olfactory tunica mucosa

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19
Q

The olfactory tunica mucosa consists of olfactory epithelium made of _______ and lamina propria-submucosa.

A

pseudostratified columnar w/ cilia + goblet cells
and bipolar neurons

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20
Q

Olfactory glands

A

serous glands in the lamina propria-submucosa of the olfactory tunica mucosa

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21
Q

What is the olfactory nerve made up of?

A

nonmyelinated nerve fibers

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22
Q

What 5 cell types are present within respiratory epithelium?

A

basal cells
ciliated cells
goblet cells
brush cells
unnamed cells

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23
Q

Basal cell location

A

along basement membrane

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24
Q

Basal cell function

A

replace other cell types

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25
Q

Ciliated cell function

A

move mucous secreted by goblet cells to opening to rid of it

26
Q

Goblet cell function

A

secrete mucous

27
Q

Brush cells

A

flat, wide microvilli
near sensory nerve endings

28
Q

Function of Brush Cells

A

sensory receptors for nervous sytem

29
Q

What structure is prominent in the “unnamed cells” of the respiratory epithelium?

A

smooth ER

30
Q

Function of unnamed cell

A

metabolize xenobiotic compounds
detoxification

31
Q

What 2 cell types are unique to olfactory epithelium?

A

neurosensory cells
sustentacular cells

32
Q

What are neurosensory cells?

A

bipolar neurons of the olfactory nerve

33
Q

List order of bronchial tree

A

Trachea –> primary bronchi –> lobar bronchi –> segmental bronchi –> bronchi

34
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the trachea/bronchi?

A

Tunica mucosa-submucosa
Tunica musculocartilaginea
Tunica adventitia

35
Q

What 2 cell types are unique to the tunica mucosa-submucosa of the trachea/bronchi?

A

Neuroendocrine cells
Clara cells

36
Q

What is the function of clara cells?

A

produce phospholipid similar to surfactant
reduce surface tension

37
Q

Lamina propria-submucosa of the tunica mucosa-submucosa of the trachea/bronchi have many _____ fibers and _____ glands.

A

elastic
seromucous glands (tracheal)

38
Q

The tunica musculocartilaginea of the trachea/bronchi opens (ventrally/dorsally) and the _____ M attaches to the ends of the cartilage.

A

dorsally
Trachealis M

39
Q

What tissue type is the tunica adventitia of the trachea/bronchi made of that blends in with surrounding connective tissue?

A

DICCT

40
Q

What changes with a decrease in size of bronchi? (4)

A

Decrease epithelial height
Decrease seromucous glands
Decrease cartilage
Increase smooth muscle

41
Q

What two things are not present in bronchioles that allows them to differ from bronchi?

A

no cartilage
no glands

42
Q

What tissue type makes up bronchioles? Which does it transition to?

A

simple columnar –> simple cuboidal

43
Q

Terminal Bronchiole

A

last purely conducting airway
NO gas exchange!

44
Q

What two cell types are in terminal bronchioles?

A

ciliated cells
clara cells (bronchiolar exocrine cells)

45
Q

Respiratory bronchiole

A

bronchiole w/ some alveoli
= “transition zone”

46
Q

What does “transition zone” mean?

A

transitioning from conditioning airway to gas exchange airway

47
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

passageways lined with only alveoli

48
Q

Alveolar sacs

A

end clusters that terminate branch (end of airway)

49
Q

Function of Alveoli

A

gas exchange

50
Q

Alveolar pores

A

connection between alveoli where air can pass through

51
Q

Interalveolar septa

A

walls of alveolus

52
Q

What is the function of elastic in alveoli?

A

for passive gas exchange/exhalation

53
Q

What are 3 special cell types found in alveolar epithelium?

A

Type I cells
Type II cells
Alveolar macrophages

54
Q

Which cell type is most abundant in alveolar epithelium?

A

Type I cells

55
Q

What tissue type do Type I cells form?

A

simple squamous epithelium

56
Q

What do Type I cells rest on in alveoli?

A

continuous basement membrane

57
Q

What is another name for Type II cells?

A

Great Alveolar cells

58
Q

Type II cells are simple (squamous/cuboidal) cells.

A

Cuboidal

59
Q

Type II cell function

A

product surfactant –> reduce surface tension

60
Q

Alveolar Macrophage function

A

rid of debris that could cause inflammation/impede gas exchange

61
Q

Blood-Air Barrier

A

structures that gases have to pass through from blood to alveolar space

62
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Blood-Air Barrier?

A

Type I cells
Basement membrane
Capillary endothelium

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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