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Microanatomy > Exam 2: Bone > Flashcards

Exam 2: Bone Flashcards

1
Q

osteoblast

A

actively secrete matrix in one direction

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2
Q

osteocyte

A

trapped in matrix, cannot secrete
maintains matrix w/ mineralized calcium salts

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3
Q

Osteocytes are derived from…

A

mesenchymal cells

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4
Q

Ground substance in bone make-up

A

hydroxyapatite (mineral calcium salts)

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5
Q

Function of matrix in bone

A

weight-baring, resists bending

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6
Q

Compact bone

A

dense/cortical
thin, very strong

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7
Q

Cancellous bone

A

spongy/medullary/trabecular
spaces w/ bone marrow inside

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8
Q

Epiphysis

A

articular surface of bone (ends)
lined with hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

Physis / Epiphyseal Plate

A

site of growth
grows in length

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10
Q

Diaphysis

A

central part of bone
contains nutrient canal (brings in circulation)

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11
Q

Two Types of Histological Bone Preps

A

Ground Bone
Decalcified Bone

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12
Q

Ground Bone

A

dried | air trapped
osteons with lamellae and central canal
flattened lacunae | central vessels

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13
Q

Decalcified Bone

A

fixed & demineralized
H&E stain
perforating canal (circulation between osteons)

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14
Q

Canaliculi

A

canals with cell processes from one cell to another w/ gap junctions

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15
Q

Canaliculi function

A

nutrition between cells (transmit via gap junctions)

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16
Q

Lacunae

A

spaces in matrix that living cells occupy

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17
Q

Periosteum

A

dense collagenous connective sheath

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18
Q

Endosteum

A

inner lining of bone

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19
Q

What is in between the periosteum & endosteum of bone

A

precipitate of calcium salts

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20
Q

Lamellae

A

ring-like structures that make up osteon

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21
Q

Circular/central lamellae

A

osteonal lamellae

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22
Q

Periphery Lamellae

A

Outer circumferential

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23
Q

Lamellae on inner surface of bone

A

inner circumferential

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24
Q

old lamellae of prior osteons between osteons

A

interstitial lamellae

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25
Q

How do lamellae form?

A

by collagen fibers running helically in various directions

26
Q

Osteogenesis

A

synthesizing new bone

27
Q

Osteogenesis Process

A

osteoblasts secrete procollagen –> tropocollagen –> collagen type I fibers = osteoid
Osteoblasts secrete matrix vesicles –> mineralization = bone

28
Q

perforating canal

A

canal between two central canals of osteons

29
Q

cement line

A

lines outer edge of osteon
no canaliculi and few collagen fibers

30
Q

osteoid

A

center of bone ossification
(bone before its mature)

31
Q

trabeculae

A

bony spicules of osteoid which grow/radiate in many directions

32
Q

Intramembranous Ossification

A

new bone formation
occurs in mesenchyme
growth in width

33
Q

Erosion Lacunae

A

depressions in bone where osteoclasts reside

34
Q

Osteoclast

A

multinucleated cell which breaks down bone
much larger than blasts/cytes

35
Q

What types of bone develop from intramembranous ossification?

A

flat bones (ex. skull)

36
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

new bone formation at physis from hyaline cartilage
growth in length

37
Q

What type of bones develop from endochondral ossification?

A

extremities, vertebral column, pelvis, base of skull

38
Q

Bony Collar

A

central section formed from endochondral ossification when capillary supply causes osteoblasts to form

39
Q

Where does bone grow in length?

A

physis (growth plate)

40
Q

Cutting Cone

A

portion of cone in bone remodeling with osteoclasts where old bone is broken down

41
Q

Reversal Zone

A

portion of bone remodeling where resorption (break down) is completed

42
Q

Closing Zone

A

portion of bone remodeling where osteoblasts produce lamellar bone and form osteon

43
Q

Woven bone

A

immature/primary bone
newly calcified
in developing bones

44
Q

Where is the primary center of ossification?

45
Q

What kind of growth occurs in bone?

A

Appositional growth
NO interstitial (inflexible matrix)

46
Q

Lamellar Bone

A

secondary/mature bone
lamellae present
lots of calcification

47
Q

Ruffled Border

A

plasma membrane extensions of osteoclasts which increase SA

48
Q

How do osteoclasts break down bone?

A

pump H+ to dissolve hydroxyapatite (mineral)
create lysosomes which break down protein

49
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone develops structures most suited to resist forces acting upon it

50
Q

Callus

A

structure formed around broken ends of bone to immobilize it

51
Q

Purpose of External Fixation of bone

A

treatment of fracture that leads to rapid fracture repair

52
Q

Synarthroses

A

joint between bones connected by CT
immobile

53
Q

Synostoses

A

bone to bone via bone tissue
ex. sutures of adult skull

54
Q

Synchondroses

A

bone to bone via cartilage
ex. epiphyseal plate | vertebrae-disc

55
Q

Syndesmoses

A

bone to bone via dense fibrous CT
ex. sutures of young skull

56
Q

Diarthroses

A

moveable / synovial joints
weight-baring
have joint capsule

57
Q

Function of joint capsule

A

structural support

58
Q

Synovial Joint Layers

A

synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid (lubricant)

59
Q

Zone of Reserve

A

normal, resting hyaline cartilage

60
Q

Zone of Proliferation

A

rapid division of chrondocytes

61
Q

Zone of Hypertrophy

A

chondrocytes enlarge

62
Q

Zone of Calcification

A

cell death

Microanatomy (21 decks)

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