Integument (Exam 2)

Question 1

(T/F) The bovine digit can also be called the claw.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Thick, non-hairy skin is made up of _______ and _______.

Answer 2

epidermis
dermis

Question 3

Epidermis has living cells, _______, that produce ________.

Answer 3

keratinocytes
keratin

Question 4

Term for dermis of the hoof

Answer 4

corium

Question 5

(T/F) The cells in the dermis produce the epidermis.

Answer 5

FALSE

Question 6

What tissue is only in some parts of the hoof?

Answer 6

subcutaneous tissue

Question 7

The hoof is divided into ___ parts in ruminants and the pig, and ___ parts in the horse.

Answer 7

5
6

Question 8

What do all regions of the hoof consist of?

Answer 8

epidermis + dermis

Question 9

Each region of the hoof has a dermis with either _______ or _______.

Answer 9

papillae
lamellae

Question 10

Name the 6 regions of the hoof. Which is only in the horse?

Answer 10

1. limbus
2. corona
3. wall
4. sole
5. bulb of the heel
6. frog (only equine)

Question 11

The keratin of the hoof is called ______.

Answer 11

horn

Question 12

The epidermis of the limbus of the hoof is called ______

Answer 12

periople

Question 13

What is unique about the keratin the periople produces in the limbus?

Answer 13

soft keratin (like nail cuticle)

Question 14

All regions of the hoof have dermal papillae except _____ which has lamellae.

Answer 14

wall (deep part of the wall)

Question 15

The dermis of the limbus is also called _______.

Answer 15

perioplic corium

Question 16

Which region of the hoof is just deep to the periople?

Answer 16

corona

Question 17

2 terms for the combination of the limbus and corona of the hoof?

Answer 17

coronet
coronary band

Question 18

The epidermis of the corona forms the hoof wall called _________.

Answer 18

stratum medium

Question 19

(T/F) Hooved animals do not feel pain when trimming the stratum medium.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The dermis of the corona is called _______.

Answer 20

coronary corium

Question 21

The subcutaneous tissue of the corona of the hoof is also called _______.

Answer 21

coronary cushion

Question 22

The lamellae of the dermis of the wall of the hoof are also called what 3 terms?

Answer 22

1. lamellar corium
2. laminar corium
3. sensitive laminae

Question 23

Term for dermis of the sole of the hoof

Answer 23

sole corium

Question 24

Soft region where the periople of the limbus expands

Answer 24

bulb of the heel

Question 25

Bulb of the heel is also called _______.

Answer 25

torus ungulae

Question 26

Another term for frog of the hoof

Answer 26

cuneus ungulae

Question 27

What glands are present in the dermis of the frog?

Answer 27

eccrine or merocrine glands

Question 28

Function of eccrine glands in the dermis of the frog

Answer 28

moisten to keep dirt in hoof from getting too dry and packing

Question 29

Term for subcutaneous tissue of the frog

Answer 29

digital cushion

Question 30

Function of thick, subcutaneous tissue in the frog

Answer 30

compression when hoof strikes ground

Question 31

What are the 3 parts of the keratinized (horny) part of the wall of the hoof?

Answer 31

1. stratum externum 2. stratum medium 3. stratum internum

Question 32

The stratum externum of the keratinized part of the wall is a continuation of what?

Answer 32

stratum corneum of periople

Question 33

The stratum medium is a continuation of __________.

Answer 33

stratum corneum of coronary epidermis

Question 34

What are the two types of keratin (horn) of the stratum medium?

Answer 34

1. tubular horn 2. intertubular horn

Question 35

Tubular horn is produced by epidermal cells located where in regards to the coronary corium papillae?

Answer 35

tips + sides

Question 36

What structures are within the tubular horn made of a cortex and medulla?

Answer 36

horn tubules

Question 37

Keratinized cells in the (cortex/medulla) of horn tubules of the stratum medium are organized in _______.

Answer 37

cortex spirals

Question 38

What is the function of the spiral-like keratinized cell organization in the cortex of horn tubules?

Answer 38

absorb force

Question 39

The intertubular horn of the stratum medium (one of the types of horn) is produced by epidermal cells of the corona oriented where?

Answer 39

between coronary corium papillae

Question 40

Which layer of the keratinized part of the wall has keratin but the living cells that produce them are dead?

Answer 40

stratum internum

Question 41

The stratum internum of the keratinized part of the wall of hoof consists of keratinized ___________.

Answer 41

primary lamellae

Question 42

Primary lamellae give off _________.

Answer 42

secondary lamellae

Question 43

Why is laminitis so painful?

Answer 43

interdigitations of primary/secondary epidermal w/ dermal lamellae distributes weight; problem in laminitis

Question 44

Ruminant and swine hooves have only ________ epidermal and dermal lamellae.

Answer 44

primary

Question 45

In claws, the dermis covers ________ of PIII (bone).

Answer 45

unguicular process

Question 46

Are epidermis and dermis of claws vascular or avascular?

Answer 46

epidermis: avascular dermis: vascular