Integument (Exam 2) Flashcards
(T/F) The bovine digit can also be called the claw.
False
Thick, non-hairy skin is made up of _______ and _______.
epidermis
dermis
Epidermis has living cells, _______, that produce ________.
keratinocytes
keratin
Term for dermis of the hoof
corium
(T/F) The cells in the dermis produce the epidermis.
FALSE
What tissue is only in some parts of the hoof?
subcutaneous tissue
The hoof is divided into ___ parts in ruminants and the pig, and ___ parts in the horse.
5
6
What do all regions of the hoof consist of?
epidermis + dermis
Each region of the hoof has a dermis with either _______ or _______.
papillae
lamellae
Name the 6 regions of the hoof. Which is only in the horse?
- limbus
- corona
- wall
- sole
- bulb of the heel
- frog (only equine)
The keratin of the hoof is called ______.
horn
The epidermis of the limbus of the hoof is called ______
periople
What is unique about the keratin the periople produces in the limbus?
soft keratin (like nail cuticle)
All regions of the hoof have dermal papillae except _____ which has lamellae.
wall (deep part of the wall)
The dermis of the limbus is also called _______.
perioplic corium
Which region of the hoof is just deep to the periople?
corona
2 terms for the combination of the limbus and corona of the hoof?
coronet
coronary band
The epidermis of the corona forms the hoof wall called _________.
stratum medium
(T/F) Hooved animals do not feel pain when trimming the stratum medium.
True
The dermis of the corona is called _______.
coronary corium
The subcutaneous tissue of the corona of the hoof is also called _______.
coronary cushion
The lamellae of the dermis of the wall of the hoof are also called what 3 terms?
- lamellar corium
- laminar corium
- sensitive laminae
Term for dermis of the sole of the hoof
sole corium
Soft region where the periople of the limbus expands
bulb of the heel
Bulb of the heel is also called _______.
torus ungulae
Another term for frog of the hoof
cuneus ungulae
What glands are present in the dermis of the frog?
eccrine or merocrine glands
Function of eccrine glands in the dermis of the frog
moisten to keep dirt in hoof from getting too dry and packing
Term for subcutaneous tissue of the frog
digital cushion
Function of thick, subcutaneous tissue in the frog
compression when hoof strikes ground
What are the 3 parts of the keratinized (horny) part of the wall of the hoof?
- stratum externum
- stratum medium
- stratum internum
The stratum externum of the keratinized part of the wall is a continuation of what?
stratum corneum of periople
The stratum medium is a continuation of __________.
stratum corneum of coronary epidermis
What are the two types of keratin (horn) of the stratum medium?
- tubular horn
- intertubular horn
Tubular horn is produced by epidermal cells located where in regards to the coronary corium papillae?
tips + sides
What structures are within the tubular horn made of a cortex and medulla?
horn tubules
Keratinized cells in the (cortex/medulla) of horn tubules of the stratum medium are organized in _______.
cortex
spirals
What is the function of the spiral-like keratinized cell organization in the cortex of horn tubules?
absorb force
The intertubular horn of the stratum medium (one of the types of horn) is produced by epidermal cells of the corona oriented where?
between coronary corium papillae
Which layer of the keratinized part of the wall has keratin but the living cells that produce them are dead?
stratum internum
The stratum internum of the keratinized part of the wall of hoof consists of keratinized ___________.
primary lamellae
Primary lamellae give off _________.
secondary lamellae
Why is laminitis so painful?
interdigitations of primary/secondary epidermal w/ dermal lamellae distributes weight; problem in laminitis
Ruminant and swine hooves have only ________ epidermal and dermal lamellae.
primary
In claws, the dermis covers ________ of PIII (bone).
unguicular process
Are epidermis and dermis of claws vascular or avascular?
epidermis: avascular
dermis: vascular
