Term 3 Exam: Gluteal Muscles Flashcards
Name three gluteal muscles that are involved in the movement of the femur:
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
List 11 muscles involved in moving the femur
- Iliopsoas muscle
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Gluteal Muscles x3
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
- Obturator externus
- Superior gemellus
- Inferior gemellus
- Quadratus femoris
What is the Iliopsoas muscle?
(2)
- Psoas major and iliacus muscles that share the same insertion
- Powerful flexor of the thigh
What is the Tensor fasciae latae? (3)
- Found?
- Forms?
- Belly located?
- Muscle that lies under the fasciae lata (dense ct that encircle entire thight)
- Forms the iliotibial tract (IT tract)
- Belly lies between the gluteus maximus and sartorius muscles
What is the iliotibial tract?
Strong band of connective tissue that spans the lateral side of the thigh
- formed from tensor fasciae lata
what is the significance of the location of the belly of the Tensor fasciae latae?
The belly is located between the gluteus maximus and sartorius muscles
- this location keeps the IT (iliotibial) tract taut and helps maintain the extended knee in the erect position
List four important features of the gluteus maximus
- The gluteus maximus is the largest of the three glute muscles
- It is the superficial quadrilateral muscle of the buttocks
- it is a powerful extesor of the thigh
- It’s RMA (reverse muscel action) is a poerful extensor of the torso at the hip joint
Where is the gluteus medius located and what is its action?
- Located deep to the gluteus maximus
- Powerful abductor of the hip joint
What is featurely significant about the gluteus minimus?
Where is it located relative to the gluteus medius?
What is its action?
- Smallest of the three gluteus muscles
- lies deep to the gluteus minimus
- Coordinates with gluteus medius to abduct and medially rotate the femur for walking and running
What is the origin of the iliopsas?
- Psoas major
- iliacus
- Psoas major originates at the transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae
- Iliacus originates at the iliac fossa and sacrum
What is the insertion of the ilipsoas?
- Psoas major
- ileacus
Both insert into lesser trochanter of femur
What is the action of the iliopsas?
- psoas major
- iliacus
Psoas major and iliacus muscles act together to:
- flex thigh at hip joint
- rotate thigh laterally
- flex trunk on the hip as in sitting up from the supine position (sit ups)
From where is the Iliopsas innervated?
- psoas major
- iliacus
- psoas major is innervated by spinal nerves L2-L3
- iliacus is innervated by the femoral nerve
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of the Gluteus maximus:
- Orgin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, and aponeurosis of sacrospinalis
- Insertion: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata and superior lateral part of linea aspera under greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh
- Innervated: Interior gluteal nerve
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of the Gluteus medius:
- Origin: Ilium
- Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Abducts thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh medially
- Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of the gluteus minimus
- Origin: ilium
- Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
- Action: abducts thigh at hip joint and medially rotates thigh
- Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of the tensor fasciae latae
- Origin: iliac crest
- Insertion: tibia by way of the iliotibial tract
- Action: flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of the piriformis
- Origin: anterior sacrum
- Insertion: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: sacral spinal nerves S1 and S2 (mainly S1)
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of the Obturator internus
- Origin: inner surface of obturator foramen, pubis and ischium
- Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of the obturator externus
- Origin: outer surface of obturator membrane
- Insertion: deep depression inferior to greater trochanter of femur (aka trochanteric fossa)
- Action: laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: Obturator nerve
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of Superior gemellus
- Origin: ischial spine
- Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
- Action: laterally rotates and abducts the thigh at the hip joint
- Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of inferior gemellus
- Origin: ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
- Action: laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Name the
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Innervation
of Quadratus femoris
- Origin: ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: elevation superior to mid-portion of intertrochanteric crest on posterior femur/
- Action: laterally rotates and stabilizes hip joint
- Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
The _____ (______) separates the muscles of the thigh into medial, anterior and posterior compartments
The Deep Fascia (intermuscular septum) separates the muscles of the thigh into medial, anterior and posterior compartments
The medial compartment of the thigh contains which 5 muscles?
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Pectineus
- Gracilis
Most muscles ____ and _____ femur at _____ ______
Most muscles flex and adduct femur at hip joint
The ______ muscle medially rotates thigh and flexes leg at knee joint
The Gracilis muscle
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Adductor longus
Orgin: Adductor longus originates at the pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Instertion: Linea aspera of femur
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh; RMA extends thigh
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Adductor Brevis
Origin: Adductor brevis originates at the inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Superior half of linea aspera of femur
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh; RMA: extends thigh
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Adductor magnus
Origin: Adductor magnus originates at the inferior ramus of pubis and ischium to ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Linea aspera of femur
Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh; anterior part flexes thigh at hip joint, and posterior part extends thigh at hip joint
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Pectineus
Origin: Pectineus originates at the superior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur, between lesser trochanter and linea aspera
Action: Flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Gracilis
Origin: the gracilis originates at the body and inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: Medial surface of body of tibia
Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh and flexes leg at knee joint
The anterior compartment of the thigh (extensors) has which two main muscles? *keep in mind one of these muscles is a composite muscle*
- Quadriceps femoris (composite muscle usually described as 4 separate muscles)
- Sartorius
What four muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
Which muscle is the longest single muscle in the body?
Sartorius
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Rectus femoris
Origin: The rectus femoris originates at the anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: flexes thigh at hip joint; Works with rest of quadriceps femoris muscles to extend leg at knee joint
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Vastus lateralis
Origin: the vastus lateralis originates at the rreater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: Works with rest of the quadriceps femoris muscles to extend leg at knee joint
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Vastus medialis
Origin: the vastus medialis originates at the linea aspera of femur
Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: works with other quadriceps femoris muscles to extend leg at knee joint
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Vastus intermedius
Origin: The vastus intermedius originates at the anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: Works with rest of the quadriceps femoris muscles to extend leg at knee joint
What is the origin, insertion and action of the:
Sartorius muscle
Origin: the sartorius muscle originates at the anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial surface of body of tibia
Action: Weakly flexes leg at knee joint; weakly flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Which composite muscle is found in the posterior (flexor) compartment of the thigh
The hamstrings
What three muscles make up the hamstrings in the posterior (flexor) compartment of the thigh?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
What are the two actions of the hamstrings?
- flexes the leg at the knee joint
- extends thigh at the hip joint
What is the origin and insertion of the Biceps femoris?
Origin: Long head arises from ischial tuberosity; short head arises from linea aspera of femur
Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
What is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia
What is the origin and insertion of the Semimembranosus
origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
