Term 2 Lymphatic System

Question 1

What four components does the lymphatic system consist of ?

Answer 1

1. Lymph
2. Lymphatic vessels
3. Lymphatic organs
4. Red Bone Marrow

Question 2

What is lymph

Answer 2

interstitial fluid that enters and flows in the lymphatic vessels

• contains white blood cells

Question 3

What are the Lymphatic organs (3)

Answer 3

1. Spleen
2. Thymus
3. Lymph nodes

Question 4

Red bone marrow is the site of what process?

Answer 4

hematopoiesis

Question 5

What are the three primary functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 5

1. Drain excess interstitial fluid (helps maintain blood volume)
2. transports dietary lipids
3. Carries out immune responses

Question 6

Where are lymphatic capillaries found?

Answer 6

between arterioles and venules

Question 7

Which tissues lack lymphatic capillaries? (4)

Answer 7

• Avascular tissues (eg cartilage, epidermis, and cornea of the eye
• central nervous system
• portions of the spleen
• red bone marrow

Question 8

What are lacteals? What do they do?

Answer 8

Specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the villi of the small intestine

Absorb fats from the digestive tract

Question 9

What is chyle? How does its appearance differ from lymph elsewhere?

Answer 9

• The lymph draining from the small intestine
• Appears creamy white (due to fats) whereas lymph elsewhere is a clear pale-yellow

Question 10

Lymphatic vessels begin as ______ _________

Answer 10

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 11

Lymphatic vessels are ________ at one end and located ______________

Answer 11

Lymphatic vessels are closed at one end and located in the spaces between cells

Question 12

Lymphatic capillaries unite to form ___________. What do these resemble?

Answer 12

larger lymphatic vessels

Resemble veins in structure but have thinner walls and more valves

Question 13

How does lymph flow?

Answer 13

Lymphatic capillaries →Lymphatic vessels →Lymph nodes→ Lymph trunks →lymph ducts

Question 14

What are five principle lymph trunks? What do they drain?

Answer 14

1. Lumbar trunks → drain lymph from lower limbs, wall and viscera of pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands and abdominal wall
2. Intestinal trunks→ drain lymph from the stomach, intestine, pancreas, spleen and part of the liver
3. Bronchomediastinal trunks→ drain lymph from thoracic wall, lung and heart
4. Subclavian Trunks→ drain free upper limbs
5. Jugular trunks → drain head and neck

Question 15

____ are the largest lymphatic vessels

Answer 15

Ducts

Question 16

The right lymphatic duct returns lymph from the __________, __________, _____________

Answer 16

The right lymphatic duct returns lymph from the Right subclavian, right jugular, right bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 17

The thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct) begins as a dilation (________) that receives lymph from:

1. _________
2. _________
3. _________

Answer 17

The thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct) begins as a dilation (cisterna chyli) that receives lymph from:

1. The right and left lumbar trunks
2. The intestinal trunk
3. Left jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 18

Why does interstitial fluid contain only a small amount of protein?

Answer 18

Most plasma proteins are too large to leave blood vessels

Question 19

How is lymph flow regulated?

Answer 19

1. Skeletal muscle pump
2. Respiratory pump

Question 20

What two groups are lymphatic organs and tissues classified into and what is the basis of this classification?

Answer 20

Grouped based on function

1. Primary lymphatic organs
2. Secondary lymphatic organs

Question 21

What are primary lymphatic organs?

Answer 21

Sites where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent

-Thymus and Red Bone Marrow

Question 22

What are secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?

Answer 22

Sites where most immune responses occur

Question 23

Each thymus lobule consist of a _________ (superficial) and _______ (deep)

Answer 23

Cortex

Medulla

Question 24

Lymph nodes are covered by a _______ of ___________

Answer 24

a capsule of dense connective tissue

Question 25

The capsule of lymph nodes extends and become _______, dividing the node into compartments

Answer 25

The capsule of lymph nodes extends and become trabeculae, dividing the node into compartments

Question 26

What are two functions of the trabeculae of lymph nodes?

Answer 26

1. give support
2. provide a route for blood vessels into the interior of the node

Question 27

The parenchyma (________) of a lymph node is divided into a _________ and a __________

Answer 27

The parenchyma (functional tissue) of a lymph node is divided into a superficial cortex and a deep medulla

Question 28

Most nodules in the outer cortex are:

Answer 28

secondary lymphatic nodules

Question 29

The inner cortex does not contain?

Answer 29

Lymphatic nodules

Question 30

The largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body is ?

Answer 30

the spleen

Question 31

The superior surface of the spleen is ______, ______ and conforms to the concave surface of the _________

Answer 31

The superior surface of the spleen is smooth, convex and conforms to the concave surface of the diaphragm

Question 32

The spleen has a hilum. What is this?

Answer 32

The large tortuous splenic artery and splenic vein

Question 33

What is “white pulp” in the image below; what is the “red pulp”?

Answer 33

White pulp: Lymphatic tissue

Red pulp: blood-filled venous sinuses

Question 34

What are lymphatic nodules?

Answer 34

masses of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule