Term 3 Exam Cranial Nerves Flashcards
How many cranial nerves are there?
Where do they pass through?
Where do they arise?
12 cranial nerves
that pass through various foramina in the bones of the cranium
and arise from the brain
Cranial nerves ___, ____, and ____ contain only axons of sensory neurons and are termed the:
Cranial nerves I , II, and VIII contain only axons of sensory neurons and are termed the: special sensory nerves
Cranial nerves ___, ____, ___, and ____ contain only axons of motor neurons and are termed the :
Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, and XII contain only axons of motor neurons and are termed the: motor nerves
Cranial nerves __,__,___,__, and ___ contain axons of both sensory and motor neurons and are termed:
Cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, and XI contain axons of both sensory and motor neurons and are termed: mixed nerves
Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located (with the exception of all proprioceptive sensory neurons)?
In ganglia outside the brain
Where are proprioceptive sensory neurons located and where are their cell bodies?
Located in head regions with cell bodies in the mesencephalic ganglion
Which two pairs of cranial nerves have their origin in the forebrain?
I and II
Which two pairs of cranial nerves originate in the Midbrain (of the brainstem)?
III and IV
Which five pairs of cranial nerves have their origin in the Medulla oblongata (of the Brainstem)?
- VIII
- IX
- X
- XI
- XI
Which three pairs of cranial nerves have their origin in the Pons (of the brainstem)?
- V
- VI
- VII
Cranial Nerve I:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed?
- Organ it innervates
- Function
Cranial Nerve I:
- Name: Olfactory (I)
- Location: Forebrain
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Sensory
- Organ it innervates: Nose
- Function: Olfaction (smell)
Cranial Nerve II:
Name:
Location:
Sensory/Motor/Mixed?
Organ it innervates
Function
Cranial Nerve II:
Name: Optic (II)
Location: Forebrain
Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Sensory
Organ it innervates: Eye
Function: Vision (sight)
Cranial Nerve III:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Organ it innervates:
- Function(s): (3)
Cranial Nerve III:
- Name: Oculomotor (III)
- Location: Midbrain (of Brainstem)
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Motor
- Organ it innervates: All eye muscles except those supplied by IV and VI
- Function:
- Movement of eyeballs and upper eyelids
- Adjust lens for near vision (accommodation)
- Constriction of pupils
Cranial Nerve IV:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Organ it innervates:
- Function(s): (1)
Cranial Nerve IV:
- Name: Trochlear (IV)
- Location: Midbrain
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Motor (somatic)
- Organ it innervates: Superior oblique muscle (of Eye)
- Function(s): Movement of eyeballs
Cranial Nerve V:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Organ it innervates:
- Function(s): (2)
Cranial Nerve V:
- Name: Trigeminal (V)
- Location: Pons
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Mixed
- Organ(s) it innervates:
- Sensory: Face, sinuses, teeth etc
- Motor: muscles of mastication
- Function(s):
- Sensory: touch, pain, thermal sensations from the scalp, face, oral cavity
- Motor (branchial): Chewing and control of middle ear muscle
Cranial Nerve VI:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Innervates:
- Function(s):
Cranial Nerve VI:
- Name: Abducens (VI)
- Location: Pons
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Motor (somatic)
- Innervates: External rectus muscle
- Function: Movement of eyeballs
Cranial Nerve VII:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Innervates:
- Function(s):
Cranial Nerve VII:
- Name: Facial (VII)
- Location: Pons
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Mixed
- Innervates: Muscles of the face
- Function(s):
-
Motor:
- Branchial: Control muscles of facial expression and middle ear muscle
- Autonomic: Secretion of tears and saliva
-
Sensory:
- Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
- touch, pain, and thermal sensations from skin in external ear canal
-
Motor:
Cranial Nerve VIII:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Innervates:
- Function(s):
Cranial Nerve VIII:
- Name: Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
- Location: Medulla oblongata
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Special Sensory
- Innervates: Inner ear
- Function(s): Hearing and equilibrium
Cranial Nerve IX:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Innervates:
- Function(s): (6)
Cranial Nerve IX:
- Name: Glossopharyngeal (IX)
- Location: Medulla Oblongata
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Mixed
- Innervates:
- Motor: Pharyngeal musculature
- Sensory: Posterior part of tongue, tonsil and pharynx
- Function(s): (6)
- Sensory:
- taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
- Proprioception in some swallowing muscles
- Monitoring of blood pressure/oxygen/carbon dioxide levels in blood
- touch, pain, thermal sensations from skin and external ear and upper pharynx
- Motor (Branchial): Assist in swallowing
- Motor (autonomic): Secretion of saliva
- Sensory:
Cranial Nerve X:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Innervates:
- Function(s): (9)
Cranial Nerve X:
- Name: Vagus (X)
- Location: Medulla oblongata
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Mixed
- Innervates:
- Motor: heart, lungs, bronchi, GI tract
- Sensory: Heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, GI tract, external ear
- Function(s):
- Sensory:
- taste from epiglottis
- Proprioception from throat and voice box muscles
- Monitoring of blood pressure/oxygen/carbon dioxide levels in blood
- touch, pain, thermal sensations from skin of external ear
- sensations from thoracic and abdominal organs
- Motor (branchial): Swallowing, vocalization, coughing
- Motor (autonomic):
- Motility and secretion of gastrointestinal organs
- Constriction of respiratory passageways
- Decrease in heart rate
- Sensory:
Cranial Nerve XI:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Innervates:
- Function(s):
Cranial Nerve XI:
- Name: Accessory (XI)
- Location: Medulla Oblongata
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Mixed
- Innervates: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
- Function(s):
- Sensory: proprioception and pain from trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
- Motor: Movement of head and pectoral girdle
Cranial Nerve XII:
- Name:
- Location:
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed:
- Innervates:
- Function(s):
Cranial Nerve XII:
- Name: Hypoglossal (XII)
- Location: Medulla oblongata
- Sensory/Motor/Mixed: Motor
- Innervates: Muscles of the tongue
- Function(s): Motor (somatic): speech, manipulation of food and swallowing
The olfactory nerves end in the brain in paired masses of grey matter called the ________ that rest on the ______
The olfactory nerves end in the brain in paired masses of grey matter called the Olfactory bulbs that rest on the cribriform plate
Within the olfactory bulbs, the axon terminals of olfactory receptors form synapses with dendrites and the axons of these neurons make up the _______ which extend posteriorly from the olfactory bulbs
Within the olfactory bulbs, the axon terminals of olfactory receptors form synapses with dendrites and the axons of these neurons make up the olfactory tracts which extend posteriorly from the olfactory bulbs
The two optic nerves merge to form the ______
optic chiasm
What happens within the optic chiasm
- axons from the medial half of each eye cross to the opposite side while axons from the lateral half remain on the same side
Posterior to the optic chiasm, the regrouped axons form the ____
optic tracts
Most axons in the optic tracts end in the _____ nucleus of the thalamus
Most axons in the optic tracts end in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
The trigeminal (V) nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves and has three branches:
- Ophthalmic nerve
- Maxillary nerve
- Mandibular nerve
What are the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?
- Vesticular branch - equilibrium
- Cochlear branch - hearing
Motor axons of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve arise in the nuclei of the _____ and exit the skull through the ______
Motor axons of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve arise in the nuclei of the medulla and exit the skull through the jugular foramen
Axons of autonomic motor neurons (parasympathetic) in the vagus nerve originate in nuclei of the _____ and end in the _____ and _____
Axons of autonomic motor neurons (parasympathetic) in the vagus nerve originate in nuclei of the medulla and end in the lungs and heart
Vagal parasympathetic axons also supply glands of the _____ and smooth muscle of the ______, _____, _____, ______, _____ and most of the _______
Vagal parasympathetic axons also supply glands of the GI tract and smooth muscle of the respiratory passageway, esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
