Term 2 Exam: Chapter 8 Pectoral Girdle

Question 1

What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

Movement

Question 2

What are girdles?

Name two:

Answer 2

Attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

1. Pectoral girdle: consists of bones that hold the upper limbs in place
2. Pelvic girdle: consists of bones that hold the lower limbs in place

Question 3

How many bones are in each upper limb?

Answer 3

32 bones in 2 separate regions

Question 4

What are the two separate regions of the upper limb?

Name the bones associated with each.

Answer 4

1. Pectoral Girdle
   
   • 1 scapula
   • 1 clavicle
2. The Free Part
   
   • 1 humerus (arm)
   • 1 ulna (forearm)
   • 1 radius (forearm)
   • 8 carpals (wrist)
   • 5 metacarpals (palm)
   • 19 phalanges (fingers)

Question 5

What are the ends of the clavicle called?

Answer 5

• Medial end is the Sternal End
• Broad, flat lateral end is the acromial end

Question 6

Where does the medial end of the clavicle articulate?

Answer 6

the medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint

Question 7

Where does the lateral end of the clavicle articulate?

Answer 7

The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint

Question 8

What is the purpose of the conoid tubercle and impressions for the costaclavicular ligament?

Answer 8

these serve as attachments for ligaments

Question 9

What is the common name for the scapula?

Answer 9

Shoulder blade

Question 10

Describe the scapula

Answer 10

Large, triangular, flat bone with a ridge on its posterior surface

Question 11

What are two surface features of the scapula?

Answer 11

1. Spine
2. Acromion

Question 12

What is the spine of the scapula?

Answer 12

Large process on the posterior at ends laterally as the acromion

Question 13

What is the acromion? (2)

Answer 13

• Flattened lateral portion of the spine of the scapula
• articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint

Question 14

What is the Coracoid process?

Answer 14

Protruding projection on the anterior surface

Question 15

What is the glenoid cavity of the scapula) (2)

Answer 15

• Shallow depression inferior to the acromion
• Accepts the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Question 16

What are the three borders of the Scapula?

Answer 16

1. Medial (vertebral border) - thin edge of the scapula closer to the vertebral column
2. Lateral (axillary) border - thick edge closer to the arm
3. Superior border - superior edge of the scapula

Question 17

What are the two angles of the Scapula?

Answer 17

1. Inferior angle - where medial and lateral borders meet inferiorly
2. Superior angle - uppermost aspect of the scapula where medial border meets the superior border

Question 18

What are the three fossa of the Scapula?

Answer 18

1. Subscapular fossa - anterior concavity where the subscapularis muscles attach
2. Supraspinous fossa - posterior concavity superior to the scapular spine, attachment site for supraspinatus muscle
3. Infraspinous fossa - posterior concavity inferior to the scapular spine - site of infraspinatus muscle

Question 19

What are three joints of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 19

1. Sternoclavicular joint
2. Acromioclavicular joint
3. Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Question 20

What type of joint is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint? How is it formed?

Answer 20

• Ball and socket joint
• Formed from the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus

Question 21

What are four anatomical components of the Genohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 21

1. Articular capsule
2. Ligaments (3)
3. Glenoid labrum
4. Bursae (4)

Question 22

What are the three ligaments of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 22

1. Coracohumeral
2. Glenohumeral
3. Transverse Humeral

Question 23

What are four bursae of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 23

1. Subscapular
2. Subacromial
3. Subdeltoid
4. Subcoracoid

Question 24

What is the articular capsule of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 24

The articular capsule is a thin, loose sac that completely envelops the joint and extends from the glenoid cavity to the anatomical neck of the humerus

Question 25

What is the glenoid labrum of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answer 25

The glenoid labrum is a narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the edge of the glenoid cavity that slightly deepens and enlarges the glenoid cavity

Question 26

What are three movements of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 26

1. Flexion/extension 2. abduction/adduction 3. circumduction

Question 27

What are two functions of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

Answer 27

1. Stabalize the scapula so it can function as a stable origin for the muscles that move the humerus 2. Scapular movements increase the range of the motion of the humerus

Question 28

What are three anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

Answer 28

1. Subclavius 2. Pectoralis Minor 3. Serratus Anterior

Question 29

What are four posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

Answer 29

1. Trapezius 2. Levator scapulae 3. Rhomboid major 4. Rhomboid minor

Question 30

What are three Scapular muscles that help move the humerus?

Answer 30

1. deltoid 2. coracobrachialis 3. Teres major

Question 31

List four Rotator cuff muscles that move the humerus

Answer 31

1. Subscapularis 2. Infraspinatus 3. Supraspinatus 4. Teres Minor

Question 32

What is the Rotator cuff? (2) Name the four muscles they form.

Answer 32

* A nearly complete circle of tendons around the shoulder joint * The tendons form 4 deep muscles (SITS) * Subscapularis * infraspinatus * teres minor * supraspinatus

Question 33

What are two axial muscles that move the humerus?

Answer 33

1. Pectoralis major 2. Latissimus dorsi