Term 2 Exam: Chapter 8 Pectoral Girdle Flashcards
What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?
Movement
What are girdles?
Name two:
Attach the limbs to the axial skeleton
- Pectoral girdle: consists of bones that hold the upper limbs in place
- Pelvic girdle: consists of bones that hold the lower limbs in place
How many bones are in each upper limb?
32 bones in 2 separate regions
What are the two separate regions of the upper limb?
Name the bones associated with each.
- Pectoral Girdle
- 1 scapula
- 1 clavicle
- The Free Part
- 1 humerus (arm)
- 1 ulna (forearm)
- 1 radius (forearm)
- 8 carpals (wrist)
- 5 metacarpals (palm)
- 19 phalanges (fingers)
What are the ends of the clavicle called?
- Medial end is the Sternal End
- Broad, flat lateral end is the acromial end
Where does the medial end of the clavicle articulate?
the medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint
Where does the lateral end of the clavicle articulate?
The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint
What is the purpose of the conoid tubercle and impressions for the costaclavicular ligament?
these serve as attachments for ligaments
What is the common name for the scapula?
Shoulder blade
Describe the scapula
Large, triangular, flat bone with a ridge on its posterior surface
What are two surface features of the scapula?
- Spine
- Acromion
What is the spine of the scapula?
Large process on the posterior at ends laterally as the acromion
What is the acromion? (2)
- Flattened lateral portion of the spine of the scapula
- articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint
What is the Coracoid process?
Protruding projection on the anterior surface
What is the glenoid cavity of the scapula) (2)
- Shallow depression inferior to the acromion
- Accepts the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
What are the three borders of the Scapula?
- Medial (vertebral border) - thin edge of the scapula closer to the vertebral column
- Lateral (axillary) border - thick edge closer to the arm
- Superior border - superior edge of the scapula
What are the two angles of the Scapula?
- Inferior angle - where medial and lateral borders meet inferiorly
- Superior angle - uppermost aspect of the scapula where medial border meets the superior border
What are the three fossa of the Scapula?
- Subscapular fossa - anterior concavity where the subscapularis muscles attach
- Supraspinous fossa - posterior concavity superior to the scapular spine, attachment site for supraspinatus muscle
- Infraspinous fossa - posterior concavity inferior to the scapular spine - site of infraspinatus muscle
What are three joints of the pectoral girdle?
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
What type of joint is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint? How is it formed?
- Ball and socket joint
- Formed from the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus
What are four anatomical components of the Genohumeral (shoulder) joint?
- Articular capsule
- Ligaments (3)
- Glenoid labrum
- Bursae (4)
What are the three ligaments of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
- Coracohumeral
- Glenohumeral
- Transverse Humeral
What are four bursae of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
- Subscapular
- Subacromial
- Subdeltoid
- Subcoracoid
What is the articular capsule of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
The articular capsule is a thin, loose sac that completely envelops the joint and extends from the glenoid cavity to the anatomical neck of the humerus
What is the glenoid labrum of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
The glenoid labrum is a narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the edge of the glenoid cavity that slightly deepens and enlarges the glenoid cavity
What are three movements of the glenohumeral joint?
- Flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- circumduction
What are two functions of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
- Stabalize the scapula so it can function as a stable origin for the muscles that move the humerus
- Scapular movements increase the range of the motion of the humerus
What are three anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
- Subclavius
- Pectoralis Minor
- Serratus Anterior
What are four posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
- Trapezius
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboid major
- Rhomboid minor
What are three Scapular muscles that help move the humerus?
- deltoid
- coracobrachialis
- Teres major
List four Rotator cuff muscles that move the humerus
- Subscapularis
- Infraspinatus
- Supraspinatus
- Teres Minor
What is the Rotator cuff? (2)
Name the four muscles they form.
- A nearly complete circle of tendons around the shoulder joint
- The tendons form 4 deep muscles (SITS)
- Subscapularis
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- supraspinatus
What are two axial muscles that move the humerus?
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
