Term 2 Exam: Chapter 8 Pectoral Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Movement

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2
Q

What are girdles?

Name two:

A

Attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

  1. Pectoral girdle: consists of bones that hold the upper limbs in place
  2. Pelvic girdle: consists of bones that hold the lower limbs in place
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3
Q

How many bones are in each upper limb?

A

32 bones in 2 separate regions

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4
Q

What are the two separate regions of the upper limb?

Name the bones associated with each.

A
  1. Pectoral Girdle
    • 1 scapula
    • 1 clavicle
  2. The Free Part
    • 1 humerus (arm)
    • 1 ulna (forearm)
    • 1 radius (forearm)
    • 8 carpals (wrist)
    • 5 metacarpals (palm)
    • 19 phalanges (fingers)
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5
Q

What are the ends of the clavicle called?

A
  • Medial end is the Sternal End
  • Broad, flat lateral end is the acromial end
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6
Q

Where does the medial end of the clavicle articulate?

A

the medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint

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7
Q

Where does the lateral end of the clavicle articulate?

A

The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the conoid tubercle and impressions for the costaclavicular ligament?

A

these serve as attachments for ligaments

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9
Q

What is the common name for the scapula?

A

Shoulder blade

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10
Q

Describe the scapula

A

Large, triangular, flat bone with a ridge on its posterior surface

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11
Q

What are two surface features of the scapula?

A
  1. Spine
  2. Acromion
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12
Q

What is the spine of the scapula?

A

Large process on the posterior at ends laterally as the acromion

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13
Q

What is the acromion? (2)

A
  • Flattened lateral portion of the spine of the scapula
  • articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint
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14
Q

What is the Coracoid process?

A

Protruding projection on the anterior surface

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15
Q

What is the glenoid cavity of the scapula) (2)

A
  • Shallow depression inferior to the acromion
  • Accepts the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
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16
Q

What are the three borders of the Scapula?

A
  1. Medial (vertebral border) - thin edge of the scapula closer to the vertebral column
  2. Lateral (axillary) border - thick edge closer to the arm
  3. Superior border - superior edge of the scapula
17
Q

What are the two angles of the Scapula?

A
  1. Inferior angle - where medial and lateral borders meet inferiorly
  2. Superior angle - uppermost aspect of the scapula where medial border meets the superior border
18
Q

What are the three fossa of the Scapula?

A
  1. Subscapular fossa - anterior concavity where the subscapularis muscles attach
  2. Supraspinous fossa - posterior concavity superior to the scapular spine, attachment site for supraspinatus muscle
  3. Infraspinous fossa - posterior concavity inferior to the scapular spine - site of infraspinatus muscle
19
Q

What are three joints of the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular joint
  2. Acromioclavicular joint
  3. Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
20
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint? How is it formed?

A
  • Ball and socket joint
  • Formed from the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus
21
Q

What are four anatomical components of the Genohumeral (shoulder) joint?

A
  1. Articular capsule
  2. Ligaments (3)
  3. Glenoid labrum
  4. Bursae (4)
22
Q

What are the three ligaments of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

A
  1. Coracohumeral
  2. Glenohumeral
  3. Transverse Humeral
23
Q

What are four bursae of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

A
  1. Subscapular
  2. Subacromial
  3. Subdeltoid
  4. Subcoracoid
24
Q

What is the articular capsule of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

A

The articular capsule is a thin, loose sac that completely envelops the joint and extends from the glenoid cavity to the anatomical neck of the humerus

25
Q

What is the glenoid labrum of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

A

The glenoid labrum is a narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the edge of the glenoid cavity that slightly deepens and enlarges the glenoid cavity

26
Q

What are three movements of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. Flexion/extension
  2. abduction/adduction
  3. circumduction
27
Q

What are two functions of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Stabalize the scapula so it can function as a stable origin for the muscles that move the humerus
  2. Scapular movements increase the range of the motion of the humerus
28
Q

What are three anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Subclavius
  2. Pectoralis Minor
  3. Serratus Anterior
29
Q

What are four posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Levator scapulae
  3. Rhomboid major
  4. Rhomboid minor
30
Q

What are three Scapular muscles that help move the humerus?

A
  1. deltoid
  2. coracobrachialis
  3. Teres major
31
Q

List four Rotator cuff muscles that move the humerus

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Supraspinatus
  4. Teres Minor
32
Q

What is the Rotator cuff? (2)

Name the four muscles they form.

A
  • A nearly complete circle of tendons around the shoulder joint
  • The tendons form 4 deep muscles (SITS)
    • Subscapularis
    • infraspinatus
    • teres minor
    • supraspinatus
33
Q

What are two axial muscles that move the humerus?

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Latissimus dorsi
34
Q
A