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HLSC 120 Human Anatomy > Term 2 Exam: Chapter 8 Upper Limb and Hand > Flashcards

Term 2 Exam: Chapter 8 Upper Limb and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the thirty bones in the free part of the upper limb?

A
  • 1 Humerus
  • 1 ulna
  • 1 Radius
  • 8 Carpels
  • 5 Metacarpels
  • 19 Phalanges
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2
Q

What is the longest and largest bone of the free part of the upper limb?

A

The humerus

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3
Q

Where does the proximal ball-shaped head of the humerus articulate?

A

The proximal ball-shaped head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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4
Q

The distal end of the humerus has what two features?

A
  1. Capitulum
  2. Trochlea
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5
Q

What does the Capitulum (of the humerus) articulate with?

A

The radius

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6
Q

What des the Trochlea (of the humerus) articulate with?

A

The Ulna

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7
Q

What 5 surface features does the Proximal end of the humerus have?

A
  1. Lesser tubercle
  2. Greater tubercle
  3. Intertubercular groove or sulcus (bicipital groove)
  4. Anatomical neck
  5. Surgical neck
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8
Q

What are two surface structures of the body of the humerus?

A
  1. Deltoid tuberosity
  2. Radial groove
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9
Q

What are seven surface features of the Distal end of the Humerus?

A
  1. Capitulum
  2. Trochlea
  3. Radial fossa
  4. Coronoid fossa
  5. Medial Epicondyle
  6. Lateral Epicondyle
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10
Q

The longer of the two forearm bones is called?

A

The Ulna

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11
Q

Anatomically, relative to the radius, where is the ulna located?

A

Medial to the radius

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12
Q

What are seven structures that the ulna contains?

A
  1. Olecranon (tip of elbow)
  2. Coronoid process
  3. Trochlear notch
  4. Radia notch
  5. Ulna tuberosity
  6. Head
  7. Styloid process
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13
Q

Anatomically, relative to the ulna, where is the Radius located?

A

The radius lies lateral to the ulna (thumb side of the forearm)

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14
Q

What is the shape of the head of the radius? Where does it articulate?

A

Disc-shaped

Articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna

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15
Q

What is the Radial tuberosity? (of the radius)

A

Attachment site for biceps brachii muscle

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16
Q

What is the styloid process of the the radius?

A

Lateral projection of radius

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17
Q

At what two sites of the elbow joint do the ulna and radius articulate with the humerus?

A

Where the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus

Where the trochlear notch of the ulna receives the trochlear of the humerus

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18
Q

The ulna and radius are connected at three sites, What are they?

A
  1. Intercrosseous membrane:
    • joins the shafts of both bones
    • provides sites of attachment for deep skeletal muscles of the forearm
  2. Proximal radioulnar joint:
    • Head of the radius articulates with ulna’s radial notch
  3. Distal radioulnar joint:
    • head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius
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19
Q

One hand has how many bones? how are they divided?

A

27

  • 8 carpals
  • 5 metacarpals
  • 14 phalanges
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20
Q

What is the mnemonic for carpal bones?

A

Stop

Letting

Those

People

Touch

The

Cadaver’s

Hand

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21
Q

Name the carpal bones that coordinate with the mnemonic:

Stop

Letting

Those

People

Touch

The

Cadaver’s

Hand

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
  3. Triquetrum
  4. Pisiform
  5. Trapezium
  6. Trapezoid
  7. Capitate
  8. Hamate
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22
Q

How many rows of carpal bones are in each carpus (wrist)?

A

Two

  • Distal
  • Proximal
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23
Q

What four bones are in the proximal row?

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
  3. Triquetrum
  4. Pisiform

Remember:

Stop

Letting

Those

People

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24
Q

What four carpal bones are in the Distal Row?

A
  1. Trapezium
  2. Trapezoid
  3. Capitate
  4. Hamate

Remember:

Touch

That

Cadaver’s

Hand

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25
Q

What is the carpal tunnel? What is the purpose?

A
  • Space between carpal bones flexor retinaculum
  • Median nerve passes through
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26
Q

How many metacarpals are there?

A

5

27
Q

How are the metacarpals numbered?

A

I to V from lateral to medial

28
Q

How many phalanges are there and how are they divided in the hand?

A

14

  • 2 bones in the thumb (pollex)
  • 3 bones in each of the four fingers
29
Q

What three features does each phalanx have?

A
  1. A base
  2. A shaft
  3. A head
30
Q

What are the three joints of the phalanges?

A
  1. Carpometacarpal
  2. Metacarpophalangeal
  3. Interphalangeal
31
Q

What kind of joint are the humero-ulna and humero-radial joints?

A

Hinge joints

Pivot action

32
Q

What three ligaments does each metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint have?

A
  • An Anterior Palmar ligament
  • Two Collateral ligaments
33
Q

Muscles that move the elbow cause what kind of movement?

A

Flexion and extension at the elbow

34
Q

What are the three flexor muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm and forearm?

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. Brachialis
  3. Brachioradialis
35
Q

What are the two extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm?

A
  1. Triceps brachii
  2. Anconeus
36
Q

What do flexor muscles do at the elbow?

A

Flexors decrease the angle of the elbow

37
Q

What movement do extensors provide at the elbow joint?

A

Extensors increase the angle of the elbow (opposite function of the flexors)

38
Q

What is the supination movement of the forearm and what muscle is responsible?

A

Supination:

  • palm of hand faces anteriorly;
  • radius and ulna are parallel

Muscle: Supinator

39
Q

Provide an example of two movements that represent the power of the supinator

A

Turning a corkscrew or twisting a screw with a screwdriver

40
Q

What is pronation of the forearm and which muscles are responsible?

A
  • palm of hand faces posteriorly
  • Radius and ulna cross eachother

Muscles:

  1. Pronator teres
  2. Pronator quadratus
41
Q

What two muscle groups are the muscles that move the hand, wrist and digits divided into?

A
  1. Anterior (flexor) Compartment muscles
  2. Posterior (extensor) compartment muscles
42
Q

What are the five superficial anterior (flexor) compartment muscles?

A
  1. Pronator teres
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris
  5. flexor digitorum superfacialis
43
Q

What are the three deep anterior (flexor) compartment muscles?

A
  1. flexor pollicis longus
  2. flexor digitorum profundus
  3. Pronator quadratus
44
Q

What are the six posterior compartment muscles?

A
  1. Brachiodialis
  2. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  4. extensor digitorum
  5. extensor digiti minimi
  6. extensor carpi ulnaris
45
Q

What are the four deep posterior compartment muscles?

A
  1. Abductor pollicis longus
  2. extensor pollicis longus
  3. extensor pollicis brevis
  4. extensor indicis
46
Q

What are the two key tendons in the wrist?

A
  1. Flexor retinaculum
  2. Extensor retinaculum
47
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

Space “tunnel” formed by the flexor retinaculum and carpal bones through which the median nerve and flexor tendons pass

48
Q

What are the four components of the carpal tunnel?

A
  1. median nerve
  2. tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis muscles
  3. tendons of flexor digitorum profundus muscles
  4. tendon of flexor pollicis longus muscle
49
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand? Name the three groups.

A

Small muscles that originate and insert on the hand

  1. Thenar group
  2. Hypothenar group
  3. Midpalmar group
50
Q

What is the thenar group of intrinsic muscles and what part of the hand do they act on?

A
  • The thenar group forms the thick fleshy mass (thenar eminence) at the base of the thumb
  • Act on the thumb
51
Q

What are the four muscles that form the thenar group?

A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis
  2. Opponens pollicis
  3. Flexor pollicis brevis
  4. Adductor pollicis
52
Q

Learn the movements of the thumb and what they look like:

  • Flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • opposition
A
53
Q

What is the hypothenar group and what part of the hand do they act on?

A

The hypothenar group forms the smaller fleshy mass (hypothenar eminence) at the base of the little finger

  • Act of the little finger
54
Q

What are the three muscles of the hypothenar group?

A
  1. Abductor digiti minimi
  2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  3. opponens digiti minimi
55
Q

What is the midpalmar group? How many muscles make up this group?

A
  • Occupies the space between the thenar and hypothenar groups
  • Made up of 11 muscles
56
Q

How are the eleven midpalmer muscles divided and how many are in each division?

A
  • Lubricals (4 muscles)
  • Palmar interossei (4 muscles)
  • Dorsal interossei (3 muscles)
57
Q

What are the lubricals?

A
  • originate from and insert into tendons of other muscles
  1. first lumbrical
  2. second lumbrical
  3. third lumbrical
  4. fourth lumbrical
58
Q

What are the palmar interossei and Dorsal interossei?

A
  • Palmar interossei: Smallest and most anterior of the interossei muscles of the midpalmar group
  • Dorsal interossei: most posterior interossei muscles
59
Q

From which trunk are the pectoral girdle and upper limbs supplied with blood?

A

Branches from the brachiocephalic trunk

60
Q

Follow the Arterial path of blood supplied to the upper body:

A
61
Q

Label the diagram of the arterial path of the blood supply to the hand

A
62
Q

What is the superficial path blood travels from the hand to the heart:

A
63
Q

What is the Deep Venous blood flow from hand to heart

A
64
Q
A

HLSC 120 Human Anatomy (39 decks)

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