Term 3 Exam: Chapter 19 Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Fill in the flow chart:

Answer 1

Question 2

Which two centres in the brain are the primary regulators of the ANS?

Answer 2

the hypothalamus and the brain stem

Question 3

The ans is a division of the _____ nervous system and consists of four features:

• _______
• _______
• _______
• _______

Answer 3

The ans is a division of the peripheral nervous system and consists of four features:

• Autonomic visceral (sensory) neurons
• Integrating centres
• Autonomic Motor Neurons
• The Enteric Division

Question 4

Where are autonomic visceral (sensory) neurons found and what do they do?

Answer 4

Found in visceral organs and in blood vessels

Convey sensory information to the CNS

Question 5

What are the integrating centres of the ANS?

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

Autonomic Motor Neurons arise from the _____ and carry impulses to various _______ to regulate the activity of _____, _______, and many _____

Answer 6

Autonomic Motor Neurons arise from the CNS and carry impulses to various effector tissues to regulate the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and many glands

Question 7

What is the enteric division of the ANS?

Answer 7

A specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming an independent nerve network within the wall of the GI tract

Question 8

The main input to the ANS come from?

Answer 8

the autonomic visceral sensory neurons

• Interoreceptors (receptors inside body or organs)

Question 9

What two types of motor neurons make up the autonomic motor pathways?

Answer 9

1. preganglionic neuron
2. postganglionic neuron

Question 10

What are three differences between preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons?

Answer 10

Preganglionic: cell body in cns with myelinated axons that extend from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion

Postganglionic: cell body in autonomic ganglion and has unmyelinated axons that extend directly to the autonomic effector

Question 11

The somatic nervous system always _____ its effector tissue (skeletal muscle)

(ACh)

Answer 11

Excites

Question 12

Autonomic nervous system either _____ (____) or _____ (______) its effector tissue

Answer 12

Autonomic nervous system either inhibits (parasympathetic) or excites (sympathetic) its effector tissue

Question 13

Sympathetic neurons release _____ or ______ while parasympathetic neurons release ______

Answer 13

Sympathetic neurons release epinephrine or norepinephrine while parasympathetic neurons release ACh

Question 14

Migration of _____ from the ______ beginning at 3rd week of gestation establishes the autonomic motor neuron pathway

Answer 14

Migration of crest cells from the neural crest beginning at 3rd week of gestation establishes the autonomic motor neuron pathway

Question 15

What is responsible for the postganglionic neurons lying outside the CNS while the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies form the grey matter of the CNS?

Answer 15

The separate migration of neural crest cells during gestation

Question 16

what are anatomical plexuses?

Answer 16

Tangled networks of preganglionic neurons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 17

Plexuses may contain _________ - group of cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons?

Answer 17

Plexuses may contain autonomic ganglia - group of cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons?

Question 18

What are Five major plexuses?

Answer 18

1. Cardiac plexus
2. Pulmonary plexus
3. Esophageal plexus
4. Abdominal aortic plexus
5. Hypogastric plexus

Question 19

The abdominal aortic plexus consists of three plexuses:

Answer 19

1. celiac plexus
2. superior mesenteric plexus
3. inferior mesenteric plexus

Question 20

the sympathetic division of the ANS is sometimes called the _______ and the axons are called the ______

Answer 20

thoracolumbar division

Axons: thoracolumbar outflow

Question 21

The parasympathetic division of the ANS is also known as the ______

Answer 21

craniosacral division

Question 22

In the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the ______ of the twelve thoracic segments and the first two or three _____ segments of the spinal cord

Answer 22

In the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the lateral grey horns of the twelve thoracic segments and the first two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Question 23

Myelinated sympathetic preganglionic axons leave the spinal cord along with the somatic motor neurons via the ________ of a spinal nerve

Answer 23

Myelinated sympathetic preganglionic axons leave the spinal cord along with the somatic motor neurons via the anterior rootlets of a spinal nerve

Question 24

After exiting through the intervertebral foramina, the preganglionic axons enter a short pathway called a _____ before extending to the nearest sympathetic trunk ganglion on the same side

Answer 24

After exiting through the intervertebral foramina, the preganglionic axons enter a short pathway called a white ramus before extending to the nearest sympathetic trunk ganglion on the same side

Question 25

Collectively, the white rami are called the:

Answer 25

White rami communicantes

Question 26

Sympathetic ganglia are sites of synapses between _______ and ______neurons

Answer 26

Sympathetic ganglia are sites of synapses between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons