Final: Male Reproductive systems Chapter 26 Flashcards
The _____ in males and the _____ in females produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
The testes in males and the ovaries in females produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
_______ produce gametes and sex hormones
Gametes
_______receive, store and transport gametes
Ducts
____________ secrete fluid that nourish, protect and facilitate movement of gametes
Accessory sex glands
_______ assist copulation and fertilization
(in females these are essential for pregnancy)
Supporting structures
The male gonads (_____) produce _____ and the sex hormones (____)
The male gonads (testes) produce sperm and the sex hormones (testosterone)
What are four ducts of the male reproductive system?
- Epididymis
- Ductus (vas) deferens
- ejaculation duct
- urethra (spongy, prostatic, and membranous)
What are three accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system?
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate gland
- Bulbourethral gland
What are two main supporting structures of the male reproductive system?
- ________: supports the testes and epididymis
- ________: delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
- Scrotum
- Penis
The scrotum consists of loose skin and an underlying __________ and it hangs from the _______
The scrotum consists of loose skin and an underlying subcutaneous layer and it hangs from the root of the penis
On the external surface of the scrotum a median ridge called ______ separates a single pouch of skin into lateral portions
On the external surface of the scrotum a median ridge called the raphe separates a single pouch of skin into lateral portions
Internally, the _____ (consisting of a ______ layer and a muscle tissue _____ muscle) divides the scrotum into two sacs.
Internally, the scrotal septum (consisting of a subcutaneous layer and a muscle tissue Dartos muscle) divides the scrotum into two sacs.
The _________muscle is a series of small bands of skeletal muscle that descend through the spermatic cord to surround the testis
The Cremaster muscle is a series of small bands of skeletal muscle that descend through the spermatic cord to surround the testis
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the testes when exposed to cold or during sexual arousal?
The Cremaster muscle
Which three routes supply blood to the scrotum?
Where does blood drain into?
- Internal peduncle branches of the internal iliac artery
- Cremasteric branches of the inferior epigastric arteries
- External pudendal arteries from the femoral arteries
Blood drains into scrotal veins
The testes are the male gonads and are partially covered by a serous membrane called _____
tunica vaginalis
_________: white fibrous capsule that projects inwards dividing testis into lobules
Tunica Albuginea
Each lobule of the testes contains 1-3 ________ - site of spermatogenesis
seminiferous tubules
The wall of the seminiferous tubules (tightly coiled tubes of the testes) is lined with ______ cells, ______ cells, and ______ (Leydigs) cells
The wall of the seminiferous tubules (tightly coiled tubes of the testes) is lined with spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, and interstitial (Leydigs) cells
Which cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testes secrete testosterone?
Interstitial (leydigs) cells
Which cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testes have tight junctions that join neighbouring cells to form the blood-testes barrier?
Sertoli cells
____ cells:
- support, protect, and nourish the differentiating spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms
- phagocytize excess sperm cytoplasm
- control movements of spermatogenic cells and release of sperm into the seminiferous tubule
Sertoli cells
Which type of cell secretes the hormone inhibin that regulates testosterone and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) to decrease spermatogenesis
Sertoli cells
Fluids secreted from Sertoli cells propel sperm from _______ → Series of short ducts _______ → Network of coiled _______ in the epididymis → Efferent ducts empty into a single _______
Fluids secreted from Sertoli cells propel sperm from seminiferous tubules → Series of short ducts Rete testis → Network of coiled efferent ducts in the epididymis → Efferent ducts empty into a single ductus epididymis
The ductus epididymis is approximately 6m long and continues as the _______ at the tail end of the epididymis.
The ductus epididymis is approximately 6m long and continues as the ductus (vas) deferens at the tail end of the epididymis.
The ductus epididymis is lined with ___________ epithelium, encircled by a layer of _____ muscle
The ductus epididymis is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, encircled by a layer of smooth muscle
The apical surface of columnar cells in the ductus epididymis contain ______ that increase surface area for the reabsorption of degenerated sperm
The apical surface of columnar cells in the ductus epididymis contain stereocilia that increase surface area for the reabsorption of degenerated sperm
Ductus epididymis is the site of ________ and provides storage of _____
sperm maturation
Mature sperm
During ejaculation, the smooth muscle layers of the ductus epididymis generate ________ contractions that propel sperm into ______
During ejaculation, the smooth muscle layers of the ductus epididymis generate peristaltic contractions that propel sperm into ductus (vas) deferens
The ductus (vas) deferens ascends from the tail of the ______ to the ______ tract and passes through the _______ → through the _______ to enter the pelvic cavity → loops over the _____ → descends down the posterior surface of the ______
The ductus (vas) deferens ascends from the tail of the epididymis to the ejaculatory tract; passing through the spermatic cord → through the inguinal canal to enter the pelvic cavity → loops over the ureter → descends down the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
_____ is the dilated terminal portion of vas deferens
Ampulla
_______ during sexual arousal conveys sperm from epididymis toward the urethra
peristaltic contractions
Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the duct from the ______ and the ______ of the ductus (vas) deferens and terminate in the _______ urethra
Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus (vas) deferens and terminate in the prostatic urethra
What is the function of the ejaculatory ducts?
To mix sperm stored in the ampulla of the ductus deferens
Just prior to ejaculation, semen is expelled from the ejaculation ducts into the _______\_
Just prior to ejaculation, semen is expelled from the ejaculation ducts into the prostate urethra
The urethra in males is the shared terminal duct of both the ______ and _____ systems and provides a passageway for both _____ and ______.
The urethra in males is the shared terminal duct of both the reproductive and urinary systems and provides a passageway for both semen and urine.
The male urethra passes through the ______ [_____ urethra (2-3cm)], the deep muscles of the ______ (______ urethra) and the ______ (_______ (_____) urethra)
The male urethra passes through the prostate [prostatic urethra (2-3cm)], the deep muscles of the perineum (intermediate/membranous urethra) and the penis [penile (spongy) urethra (15-20cm)]
The spongy urethra ends at the _______
external urethral orifice
The three male accessory sex glands secrete most of the ________ and include:
- _____\_
- _____\_
- _____\_
The three male accessory sex glands secrete most of the liquid portion of semen and include:
- seminal vesicle
- Prostate
- Bulbourethral glands
Located posterior to and at the base of the urinary bladder, and anterior to the rectum are the:
seminal vesicles
Approximates 60% of semen volume comes from the ______
seminal vesicles
The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains _____, ______ and ______
The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins
The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins
- Alkaline fluid helps to ________
- Fructose is used for _______
- Prostaglandins contribute to _______ and stimulate _______
- Clotting proteins help semen _______ after ejaculation (prevent from leaking out of vagina)
- The alkaline fluid helps neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract
- Fructose is used for the production of ATP by sperm
- Prostaglandins contribute to sperm motility and viability and may also stimulate muscular contractions within the female reproductive tract
- Clotting proteins help semen coagulate after ejaculation (Coagulation may help prevent semen from leaking out of the vagina)
The _______ glands are paired glands, each about the size of a pea that lie inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum
The bulbourethral (cowper’s) glands
The ducts of the bulbourethral glands open into the _____
spongy urethra
During sexual arousal, the bulbourethral glands secrete an _______ substance that protects the passing sperm by ________ and they also secrete _____ that lubricates the lining of the urethra to ______
During sexual arousal, the bulbourethral glands secrete an alkaline substance that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra and they also secrete mucus that lubricates the lining of the urethra to decrease number of sperm damaged during ejaculation
The _______ is a single, doughnut-shaped gland, about the size of a golf ball that is located inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the _______ urethra
The prostate is a single, doughnut-shaped gland, about the size of a golf ball that is located inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra
The ______ secretes a milky, slightly acidic (~pH 6.5) fluid (~25% of semen volume)
The prostate secretes a milky, slightly acidic (~pH 6.5) fluid (~25% of semen volume)
____ is a mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory sex glands
Semen
____\_ secretions give semen a milky appearance
Prostatic secretions give semen a milky appearance
Secretions from the _______ and ______ give semen a sticky consistency
Secretions from the seminal vesicles and Bulbourethral glands give semen a sticky consistency
________ provides sperm with a transportation medium, nutrients and protection from the hostile acidic environment of the male urethra and female tracts
seminal fluid provides sperm with a transportation medium, nutrients and protection from the hostile acidic environment of the male urethra and female tracts
Label the sperm
The _____ is the supporting structure that contains the urethra and is composed of three cylindrical masses (each surrounded by a fibrous tissue called _______):
- 2x dorsolateral masses called the ______\_
- One midventral mass called the ________ t_hat contains the ______\_
The penis is the supporting structure that contains the urethra and is composed of three cylindrical masses (each surrounded by a fibrous tissue called Tunica Albuginea):
- 2x dorsolateral masses called the Corpora cavernosa
- One midventral mass called the _corpus spongiosum t_hat contains the spongy urethra
The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis contain _____ tissue composed of numerous blood sinuses (______) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic fibres
The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis contain erectile tissue composed of numerous blood sinuses (vascular spaces) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic fibres
Erectile tissue in the two corpora cavernosa penis is responsible for ________ while erectile tissue in the corpus spongiosum is responsible for ________
Erectile tissue in the two corpora cavernosa penis is responsible for penile erection while erectile tissue in the corpus spongiosum is responsible for keeping the spongy urethra open during ejaculation
The root of penis (proximal portion of penis) contains the ________ and the ________
The root of penis (proximal portion of penis) contains the Bulb of penis and the Crus of penis
The weight of the penis is supported by the ______\_ and the_______of the penis
The weight of the penis is supported by the fundiform ligament and the suspensory ligament of the penis
The distal end of the penis has what four structures:
- _____ - margin of the glans penis
- ______\_
- ________ - covers the glans
- ________\_
The distal end of the penis has what four structures:
- Corona - margin of the glans penis
- Glans penis
- Prepuce (foreskin) - covers the glans
- External urethral orifice
