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HLSC 120 Human Anatomy > Final: Male Reproductive systems Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Final: Male Reproductive systems Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ in males and the _____ in females produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

A

The testes in males and the ovaries in females produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

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2
Q

_______ produce gametes and sex hormones

A

Gametes

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3
Q

_______receive, store and transport gametes

A

Ducts

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4
Q

____________ secrete fluid that nourish, protect and facilitate movement of gametes

A

Accessory sex glands

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5
Q

_______ assist copulation and fertilization

(in females these are essential for pregnancy)

A

Supporting structures

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6
Q

The male gonads (_____) produce _____ and the sex hormones (____)

A

The male gonads (testes) produce sperm and the sex hormones (testosterone)

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7
Q

What are four ducts of the male reproductive system?

A
  1. Epididymis
  2. Ductus (vas) deferens
  3. ejaculation duct
  4. urethra (spongy, prostatic, and membranous)
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8
Q

What are three accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system?

A
  1. Seminal vesicles
  2. Prostate gland
  3. Bulbourethral gland
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9
Q

What are two main supporting structures of the male reproductive system?

  1. ________: supports the testes and epididymis
  2. ________: delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
A
  1. Scrotum
  2. Penis
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10
Q

The scrotum consists of loose skin and an underlying __________ and it hangs from the _______

A

The scrotum consists of loose skin and an underlying subcutaneous layer and it hangs from the root of the penis

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11
Q

On the external surface of the scrotum a median ridge called ______ separates a single pouch of skin into lateral portions

A

On the external surface of the scrotum a median ridge called the raphe separates a single pouch of skin into lateral portions

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12
Q

Internally, the _____ (consisting of a ______ layer and a muscle tissue _____ muscle) divides the scrotum into two sacs.

A

Internally, the scrotal septum (consisting of a subcutaneous layer and a muscle tissue Dartos muscle) divides the scrotum into two sacs.

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13
Q

The _________muscle is a series of small bands of skeletal muscle that descend through the spermatic cord to surround the testis

A

The Cremaster muscle is a series of small bands of skeletal muscle that descend through the spermatic cord to surround the testis

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14
Q

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the testes when exposed to cold or during sexual arousal?

A

The Cremaster muscle

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15
Q

Which three routes supply blood to the scrotum?

Where does blood drain into?

A
  1. Internal peduncle branches of the internal iliac artery
  2. Cremasteric branches of the inferior epigastric arteries
  3. External pudendal arteries from the femoral arteries

Blood drains into scrotal veins

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16
Q

The testes are the male gonads and are partially covered by a serous membrane called _____

A

tunica vaginalis

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17
Q

_________: white fibrous capsule that projects inwards dividing testis into lobules

A

Tunica Albuginea

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18
Q

Each lobule of the testes contains 1-3 ________ - site of spermatogenesis

A

seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

The wall of the seminiferous tubules (tightly coiled tubes of the testes) is lined with ______ cells, ______ cells, and ______ (Leydigs) cells

A

The wall of the seminiferous tubules (tightly coiled tubes of the testes) is lined with spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, and interstitial (Leydigs) cells

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20
Q

Which cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testes secrete testosterone?

A

Interstitial (leydigs) cells

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21
Q

Which cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testes have tight junctions that join neighbouring cells to form the blood-testes barrier?

A

Sertoli cells

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22
Q

____ cells:

  • support, protect, and nourish the differentiating spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms
  • phagocytize excess sperm cytoplasm
  • control movements of spermatogenic cells and release of sperm into the seminiferous tubule
A

Sertoli cells

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23
Q

Which type of cell secretes the hormone inhibin that regulates testosterone and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) to decrease spermatogenesis

A

Sertoli cells

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24
Q

Fluids secreted from Sertoli cells propel sperm from _______ → Series of short ducts _______ → Network of coiled _______ in the epididymis → Efferent ducts empty into a single _______

A

Fluids secreted from Sertoli cells propel sperm from seminiferous tubules → Series of short ducts Rete testis → Network of coiled efferent ducts in the epididymis → Efferent ducts empty into a single ductus epididymis

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25
Q

The ductus epididymis is approximately 6m long and continues as the _______ at the tail end of the epididymis.

A

The ductus epididymis is approximately 6m long and continues as the ductus (vas) deferens at the tail end of the epididymis.

26
Q

The ductus epididymis is lined with ___________ epithelium, encircled by a layer of _____ muscle

A

The ductus epididymis is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, encircled by a layer of smooth muscle

27
Q

The apical surface of columnar cells in the ductus epididymis contain ______ that increase surface area for the reabsorption of degenerated sperm

A

The apical surface of columnar cells in the ductus epididymis contain stereocilia that increase surface area for the reabsorption of degenerated sperm

28
Q

Ductus epididymis is the site of ________ and provides storage of _____

A

sperm maturation

Mature sperm

29
Q

During ejaculation, the smooth muscle layers of the ductus epididymis generate ________ contractions that propel sperm into ______

A

During ejaculation, the smooth muscle layers of the ductus epididymis generate peristaltic contractions that propel sperm into ductus (vas) deferens

30
Q

The ductus (vas) deferens ascends from the tail of the ______ to the ______ tract and passes through the _______ → through the _______ to enter the pelvic cavity → loops over the _____ → descends down the posterior surface of the ______

A

The ductus (vas) deferens ascends from the tail of the epididymis to the ejaculatory tract; passing through the spermatic cord → through the inguinal canal to enter the pelvic cavity → loops over the ureter → descends down the posterior surface of the urinary bladder

31
Q

_____ is the dilated terminal portion of vas deferens

A

Ampulla

32
Q

_______ during sexual arousal conveys sperm from epididymis toward the urethra

A

peristaltic contractions

33
Q

Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the duct from the ______ and the ______ of the ductus (vas) deferens and terminate in the _______ urethra

A

Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus (vas) deferens and terminate in the prostatic urethra

34
Q

What is the function of the ejaculatory ducts?

A

To mix sperm stored in the ampulla of the ductus deferens

35
Q

Just prior to ejaculation, semen is expelled from the ejaculation ducts into the _______\_

A

Just prior to ejaculation, semen is expelled from the ejaculation ducts into the prostate urethra

36
Q

The urethra in males is the shared terminal duct of both the ______ and _____ systems and provides a passageway for both _____ and ______.

A

The urethra in males is the shared terminal duct of both the reproductive and urinary systems and provides a passageway for both semen and urine.

37
Q

The male urethra passes through the ______ [_____ urethra (2-3cm)], the deep muscles of the ______ (______ urethra) and the ______ (_______ (_____) urethra)

A

The male urethra passes through the prostate [prostatic urethra (2-3cm)], the deep muscles of the perineum (intermediate/membranous urethra) and the penis [penile (spongy) urethra (15-20cm)]

38
Q

The spongy urethra ends at the _______

A

external urethral orifice

39
Q

The three male accessory sex glands secrete most of the ________ and include:

  1. _____\_
  2. _____\_
  3. _____\_
A

The three male accessory sex glands secrete most of the liquid portion of semen and include:

  1. seminal vesicle
  2. Prostate
  3. Bulbourethral glands
40
Q

Located posterior to and at the base of the urinary bladder, and anterior to the rectum are the:

A

seminal vesicles

41
Q

Approximates 60% of semen volume comes from the ______

A

seminal vesicles

42
Q

The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains _____, ______ and ______

A

The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins

43
Q

The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins

  • Alkaline fluid helps to ________
  • Fructose is used for _______
  • Prostaglandins contribute to _______ and stimulate _______
  • Clotting proteins help semen _______ after ejaculation (prevent from leaking out of vagina)
A
  • The alkaline fluid helps neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract
  • Fructose is used for the production of ATP by sperm
  • Prostaglandins contribute to sperm motility and viability and may also stimulate muscular contractions within the female reproductive tract
  • Clotting proteins help semen coagulate after ejaculation (Coagulation may help prevent semen from leaking out of the vagina)
44
Q

The _______ glands are paired glands, each about the size of a pea that lie inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum

A

The bulbourethral (cowper’s) glands

45
Q

The ducts of the bulbourethral glands open into the _____

A

spongy urethra

46
Q

During sexual arousal, the bulbourethral glands secrete an _______ substance that protects the passing sperm by ________ and they also secrete _____ that lubricates the lining of the urethra to ______

A

During sexual arousal, the bulbourethral glands secrete an alkaline substance that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra and they also secrete mucus that lubricates the lining of the urethra to decrease number of sperm damaged during ejaculation

47
Q

The _______ is a single, doughnut-shaped gland, about the size of a golf ball that is located inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the _______ urethra

A

The prostate is a single, doughnut-shaped gland, about the size of a golf ball that is located inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra

48
Q

The ______ secretes a milky, slightly acidic (~pH 6.5) fluid (~25% of semen volume)

A

The prostate secretes a milky, slightly acidic (~pH 6.5) fluid (~25% of semen volume)

49
Q

____ is a mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory sex glands

A

Semen

50
Q

____\_ secretions give semen a milky appearance

A

Prostatic secretions give semen a milky appearance

51
Q

Secretions from the _______ and ______ give semen a sticky consistency

A

Secretions from the seminal vesicles and Bulbourethral glands give semen a sticky consistency

52
Q

________ provides sperm with a transportation medium, nutrients and protection from the hostile acidic environment of the male urethra and female tracts

A

seminal fluid provides sperm with a transportation medium, nutrients and protection from the hostile acidic environment of the male urethra and female tracts

53
Q

Label the sperm

A
54
Q

The _____ is the supporting structure that contains the urethra and is composed of three cylindrical masses (each surrounded by a fibrous tissue called _______):

  • 2x dorsolateral masses called the ______\_
  • One midventral mass called the ________ t_hat contains the ______\_
A

The penis is the supporting structure that contains the urethra and is composed of three cylindrical masses (each surrounded by a fibrous tissue called Tunica Albuginea):

  • 2x dorsolateral masses called the Corpora cavernosa
  • One midventral mass called the _corpus spongiosum t_hat contains the spongy urethra
55
Q

The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis contain _____ tissue composed of numerous blood sinuses (______) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic fibres

A

The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis contain erectile tissue composed of numerous blood sinuses (vascular spaces) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic fibres

56
Q

Erectile tissue in the two corpora cavernosa penis is responsible for ________ while erectile tissue in the corpus spongiosum is responsible for ________

A

Erectile tissue in the two corpora cavernosa penis is responsible for penile erection while erectile tissue in the corpus spongiosum is responsible for keeping the spongy urethra open during ejaculation

57
Q

The root of penis (proximal portion of penis) contains the ________ and the ________

A

The root of penis (proximal portion of penis) contains the Bulb of penis and the Crus of penis

58
Q

The weight of the penis is supported by the ______\_ and the_______of the penis

A

The weight of the penis is supported by the fundiform ligament and the suspensory ligament of the penis

59
Q

The distal end of the penis has what four structures:

  1. _____ - margin of the glans penis
  2. ______\_
  3. ________ - covers the glans
  4. ________\_
A

The distal end of the penis has what four structures:

  1. Corona - margin of the glans penis
  2. Glans penis
  3. Prepuce (foreskin) - covers the glans
  4. External urethral orifice
60
Q
A

HLSC 120 Human Anatomy (39 decks)

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